贵州紫云晚石炭世叶状藻礁灰岩的微相特征和成岩作用研究
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摘要
叶状藻是石炭纪地层中广泛发育的一类造礁生物,建造了大量礁体。巩恩普教授等人对贵州紫云晚石炭世叶状藻礁的生长特征和造礁过程进行了系统研究,并取得了深入的认识和大量成果,但对礁灰岩成岩作用的研究还比较欠缺。本次论文以碳酸盐岩石学、沉积学和成岩作用理论为指导,以微相分析为手段并结合阴极发光技术,重点选择紫云地区晚石炭世大型叶状藻礁剖面,对藻礁灰岩微相特征和成岩作用进行了详细研究。
紫云晚石炭世叶状藻礁剖面地层中共划分出6种微相类型：生物碎屑粒泥灰岩、生物碎屑泥粒灰岩、球粒生屑泥粒灰岩、叶状藻粒泥-叶状藻泥粒灰岩、腕足泥粒灰岩和生物碎屑亮晶颗粒灰岩。垂向上识别出6个沉积相交替重复的出现,推断出横向上的一个在开阔台地与台地边缘过渡带上的局部相模式序列：较深水的开阔台地相、叶状藻礁相、台内斜坡相和台内较浅水的斜坡相、较浅水的开阔台地相、台内浅滩相。开阔台地的背风坡处,中低能量环境适合叶状藻的生长发育。剖面分析得出叶状藻礁灰岩的沉积环境为温暖的、弱—中等动荡的、潮下带浅水开阔台地环境。
叶状藻礁灰岩的成岩作用主要有生物粘结-障积作用、泥晶化作用、胶结作用、压实-压溶作用、破裂作用、重结晶作用、溶解作用等。其中生物粘结-障积作用、胶结作用、压实-压溶作用较为发育。根据岩石薄片的观察、分析以及阴极发光测试结果,将紫云叶状藻礁灰岩的成岩过程划分为4个阶段：准同生成岩阶段、早期成岩阶段、埋藏成岩阶段、后生成岩阶段。通过不同成岩作用在岩石中留下的标志,推测研究区叶状藻礁灰岩主要经历的成岩环境有：海底成岩环境、大气淡水成岩环境和埋藏成岩环境。
贵州紫云晚石炭世叶状藻礁中有机质含量高,此次在藻礁灰岩成岩作用方面的研究,为以后探索研究区礁型油气藏的储层特征提供了成岩方面的资料。本文首次开展了研究区叶状藻礁灰岩微相特征和成岩作用的研究,弥补了研究上的空白,具有一定的理论意义。另外,本文对紫云晚石炭世叶状藻礁灰岩的研究也使得对叶状藻礁的研究更加系统化,为我国贵州晚石炭世生物礁的成岩作用和成岩环境研究提供一个重要的实例。
Phylloid algal is the importance reef-builder of Carboniferous and developed well in late Carboniferous stratum of Ziyun. Gong Enpu etc. systematically studied on the growth characteristics and reef building of late Carboniferous Phylloid Algal Reef in Gui Zhou Ziyun, excepted diagenesis of reef rocks, receving comprehensive cognition and fruits. In this Paper based on lithology and diagenesis theory, we mainly studied microfacies characteristics and diagenesis of reef rocks in large phylloid algal reef section by microfacies analysis and cathodoluminescence.
According to sedimentary grain types, the textures and the structures,6 main types of corbonate microfacies are distinguished in the deposits.They are bioclastic packstone, bioclastic wackstone, pellet bioclastic packstone, phylloid algal wackstone and packstone, brachiopod packstone, bioclastic sparite grainstone. Six sedimentary cycles are recognized alternated appearing in the formation,which formed a partical facies model sequence in the belt from open carbonate platform to platform margin. They are the depth open carbonate platform facies, phylloid algal reef facies, inner carbonate platform slope facies, inner carbonate platform shallow slope facies, shallow open carbonate platform facies, intraplatform shoal facies. We analyze that the sedimentary environment of phylloid aglal reef is lee slope of open carbonate platform. Based on the distribution of microfacies in the section, we can speculate it's the open carbonate platform environment in subtidal zone.
Seven types of diagenesis are discovered in the reef rocks. They are bio-binding and baffling actions, micritization, cementation, compaction-pressure solution, breakage, recrystallization and dissolution. Bio-binding and baffling actions, cementation and compaction-pressure solution are more common than the others. Basing on thin section analysis and cathodoluminescence we plot out four diagenesis stages:quasi-contemporaneous phase, early diagenesis, burial diagenesis and catagenesis. Diagenesis characteristics indicate that the diagenesis of reef had gone through marine diagenetic environment, meteoric diagenetic environment, buried diagenetic environment.
The phylloid algal reef in Ziyun has high organic matter content, this research on diagenesis of reef offers data for exploring on the reservoir characteristics of reef oil and gas. In this paper we first study the microfacies characteristics and diagenesis of phylloid alga reef rocks, making up the researching blank. The research on late Carboniferous phylloid algal reefs of Ziyun makes the research on Carboniferous reefs much systematism and offers an important example for the studying of the diagenesis and diagenesis environment of the whole Carboniferous reefs, China.
紫云晚石炭世叶状藻礁剖面地层中共划分出6种微相类型：生物碎屑粒泥灰岩、生物碎屑泥粒灰岩、球粒生屑泥粒灰岩、叶状藻粒泥-叶状藻泥粒灰岩、腕足泥粒灰岩和生物碎屑亮晶颗粒灰岩。垂向上识别出6个沉积相交替重复的出现,推断出横向上的一个在开阔台地与台地边缘过渡带上的局部相模式序列：较深水的开阔台地相、叶状藻礁相、台内斜坡相和台内较浅水的斜坡相、较浅水的开阔台地相、台内浅滩相。开阔台地的背风坡处,中低能量环境适合叶状藻的生长发育。剖面分析得出叶状藻礁灰岩的沉积环境为温暖的、弱—中等动荡的、潮下带浅水开阔台地环境。
叶状藻礁灰岩的成岩作用主要有生物粘结-障积作用、泥晶化作用、胶结作用、压实-压溶作用、破裂作用、重结晶作用、溶解作用等。其中生物粘结-障积作用、胶结作用、压实-压溶作用较为发育。根据岩石薄片的观察、分析以及阴极发光测试结果,将紫云叶状藻礁灰岩的成岩过程划分为4个阶段：准同生成岩阶段、早期成岩阶段、埋藏成岩阶段、后生成岩阶段。通过不同成岩作用在岩石中留下的标志,推测研究区叶状藻礁灰岩主要经历的成岩环境有：海底成岩环境、大气淡水成岩环境和埋藏成岩环境。
贵州紫云晚石炭世叶状藻礁中有机质含量高,此次在藻礁灰岩成岩作用方面的研究,为以后探索研究区礁型油气藏的储层特征提供了成岩方面的资料。本文首次开展了研究区叶状藻礁灰岩微相特征和成岩作用的研究,弥补了研究上的空白,具有一定的理论意义。另外,本文对紫云晚石炭世叶状藻礁灰岩的研究也使得对叶状藻礁的研究更加系统化,为我国贵州晚石炭世生物礁的成岩作用和成岩环境研究提供一个重要的实例。
Phylloid algal is the importance reef-builder of Carboniferous and developed well in late Carboniferous stratum of Ziyun. Gong Enpu etc. systematically studied on the growth characteristics and reef building of late Carboniferous Phylloid Algal Reef in Gui Zhou Ziyun, excepted diagenesis of reef rocks, receving comprehensive cognition and fruits. In this Paper based on lithology and diagenesis theory, we mainly studied microfacies characteristics and diagenesis of reef rocks in large phylloid algal reef section by microfacies analysis and cathodoluminescence.
According to sedimentary grain types, the textures and the structures,6 main types of corbonate microfacies are distinguished in the deposits.They are bioclastic packstone, bioclastic wackstone, pellet bioclastic packstone, phylloid algal wackstone and packstone, brachiopod packstone, bioclastic sparite grainstone. Six sedimentary cycles are recognized alternated appearing in the formation,which formed a partical facies model sequence in the belt from open carbonate platform to platform margin. They are the depth open carbonate platform facies, phylloid algal reef facies, inner carbonate platform slope facies, inner carbonate platform shallow slope facies, shallow open carbonate platform facies, intraplatform shoal facies. We analyze that the sedimentary environment of phylloid aglal reef is lee slope of open carbonate platform. Based on the distribution of microfacies in the section, we can speculate it's the open carbonate platform environment in subtidal zone.
Seven types of diagenesis are discovered in the reef rocks. They are bio-binding and baffling actions, micritization, cementation, compaction-pressure solution, breakage, recrystallization and dissolution. Bio-binding and baffling actions, cementation and compaction-pressure solution are more common than the others. Basing on thin section analysis and cathodoluminescence we plot out four diagenesis stages:quasi-contemporaneous phase, early diagenesis, burial diagenesis and catagenesis. Diagenesis characteristics indicate that the diagenesis of reef had gone through marine diagenetic environment, meteoric diagenetic environment, buried diagenetic environment.
The phylloid algal reef in Ziyun has high organic matter content, this research on diagenesis of reef offers data for exploring on the reservoir characteristics of reef oil and gas. In this paper we first study the microfacies characteristics and diagenesis of phylloid alga reef rocks, making up the researching blank. The research on late Carboniferous phylloid algal reefs of Ziyun makes the research on Carboniferous reefs much systematism and offers an important example for the studying of the diagenesis and diagenesis environment of the whole Carboniferous reefs, China.
引文
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