民族地区高新技术产业效率研究
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摘要
民族地区高新技术产业开发区简称民族地区高新区ˇ的设立既是中国实现产业转型和技术提升的全局战略考量，同时也为民族地区利用后发优势实现技术赶超和经济趋同提供了新的平台和契机从民族地区高新区的各项经济指标发展来看，高新区在民族地区区域经济中的重要性日益凸显高新区是民族地区人力资源和资本集聚的重要载体，也是民族地区高新产业产值和就业创造的主要来源从民族地区高新区和全国其他地区高新区的比较来看，两者的各项主要经济指标呈趋同态势，这表明民族地区高新区的确通过产业园区的产业结构引导和塑造，完善了本地经济增长的驱动力来源，并为区际经济差异的缩减提供了正向助力民族地区高新区与全国其他地区相比，虽然发展速度体现了后发优势，但区际区内的总量差异和结构差异还较为明显为了更好地发挥高新区对民族地区经济增长的促进作用，需要理清两个问题：1ˇ民族地区高新区的初始设立并非市场导引，而是行政指向，在市场潜力和禀赋结构尚未形成有效市场预期的背景下，如何界定民族地区高新区建设中政府与市场的关系？2ˇ民族地区高新区的现有形成和成长模式所导致的发展绩效如何，该如何更合理的修正民族地区高新区发展的现有政策？为此，理论分析层面需要对民族地区高新区的发展绩效进行效率测度，并通过横纵向的比较分析进行结果判定
基于该目的，本文的主要内容主要包括两个方面：一是全面回顾民族地区高新区发展历程；二是测度并分析民族地区高新区的发展效率高新区的发展历程回顾的主要思路为：首先回顾民族地区高新区设立的政策沿革，然后对民族地区高新区各项经济指标的变动进行量化统计分析，并从产业演化的角度对民族地区高新区产业发展历程进行判定，最后对民族地区高新区与当地区域经济发展关系的动态演化进行量化分析高新区发展效率分析的主要思路为：首先对民族地区科技投入效率进行判定，从而识别民族地区高新区发展的个体技术差异和背景因素差异，为后续高新区效率差异比较剥离技术背景的固定差异；其次利用两阶段数据包络模型对民族地区高新区投入产出效率进行量化测度；最后通过区际区内的效率差异分析，识别了民族地区高新区发展的主要问题，从而为民族地区高新区发展的政策建议提供逻辑前提
本文的具体研究框架分为八章第一章是绪论，对论文的研究背景研究意义及论文框架及进行了阐述；第二章是国内外高新区理论研究进展，对本文涉及的高新技术产业经济增长理论投入产出效率评价方法产业极等理论和文献进行阐述，并对相关文献做出评述；第三章是民族地区高新区发展与区域经济增长，从民族地区高新区的发展历程发展现状产业分布状况演化路径和与所在区域的经济增长关系等方面进行了分析，并对民族地区高新技术开发区演化阶段进行了判断和解读；第四章是民族地区高新技术产业科技投入产出效率实证研究，在构建两阶段网络DEA的投入产出模型的基础上，对我国民族地区科技投入效率进行了实证分析，发现了科技投入各阶段的有效性，并针对性的提出改进建议；第五章是民族地区高新技术产业园区科技投入产出效率评价，运用DEA方法的两个基本模型CCR和BCC模型，构建6种不同的投入产出模型对民族地区高新区进行了效率评价，并从多个角度分析了民族地区高新区改善投入产出效率的政策建议和实现路径；第六章是民族地区高新技术产业开发区发展案例分析—以南宁高新技术产业开发区为例，在对南宁高新技术产业开发区调研的基础上，详细介绍了南宁高新技术产业开发区的发展情况产业方向选择发展优势及存在的问题，针对民族地区存在的共性问题提出了政策建议等；第七章是民族地区高新技术产业开发区发展的政策建议，结合实际情况，有针对性的为民族地区高新产业开发区的发展提出了可供参考的政策建议；第八章是结论与未来研究方向，概括了本文的研究结论政策启示研究不足和可能的研究方向
本文的主要观点和结论为：第一，民族地区高新区的各项经济指标持续快速增长，且增速快于全国整体水平，民族地区高新区能够有效发挥落后地区的后发优势，在经济总量和结构上实现追赶但民族地区高新区的总体实力还较为薄弱，与全国平均水平的绝对差距依然较大，未来民族地区高新区需要在客观分析投入产出效率的基础上，结合禀赋优势实现高新技术领域的赶超发展
第二，由于离技术前沿较远，民族地区高新区在技术水平上尚以技术模仿和技术二次开发为主，园区内高学历高职称从业人员比重显著低于全国平均水平，科技活动人员的比重和人均科技活动内部经费支出也较低民族地区高新区在产业选择上，还主要以本地自然资源禀赋和外来产业承接为主，在战略性新兴产业培育上，还没有形成人力资本等要素的有效集聚
第三，民族地区高新区可以通过就业和产值创造直接影响民族地区区域经济，也可以通过知识溢出企业衍生等间接方式对本地经济产生正向影响民族地区高新区就业工业产值和总产值等指标占本地经济比重较大且呈递增态势在民族地区进行高新区建设，能够通过政策性引导，塑造地区经济增长极，实现要素集聚，提升生产效率
第四，民族地区高新区产业结构的演化路径为不稳定的产业结构-逐步形成以传统产业与高新技术产业并存的主导产业结构-逐步演变为以高新技术产业为主导的产业结构-高新技术产业和现代服务业共同融合发展的产业结构但由于历史发展积累和资源禀赋的差异，民族地区各高新区的主导产业选择差别较大，并且民族各地区高新区的产业结构演化与转化的进程也不同，具有很大的不平衡性因此，在制定和实施民族地区高新区发展政策时，除了针对高新技术产业的共性制定相应统一政策，还需要针对民族地区各高新区的客观差异，制定更具适应性的相关政策
第五，两阶段网络DEA模型的评价结果显示，民族地区高新区的投入产出效率存在显著的区际差异，昌吉高新区柳州高新区宁夏高新区昆明高新区的科技投入效率在民族地区中位于第一梯队；包头稀土高新区贵阳高新区和青海高新区位于第二梯队；乌鲁木齐高新区南宁高新区和桂林高新区效率最低要提高民族地区高新区投入产出效率，首先要调整优化投资结构，提高工业投资质量要完善投资持续增长机制使资金投向具有区域优势的战略性新兴产业和高新技术产业，防止低水平重复建设其次，要完善产业配套体系，坚持全面培育与重点扶持相结合，提升产业集群整体竞争力，大力发展和引进科技型企业
第六，案例研究显示，南宁高新区对南宁区域经济发展的溢出作用日益凸显，园区内产业结构有效体现了新兴产业的战略布局但南宁高新区在发展过程中也面临一系列问题，包括：产业内企业集群关联度不够，企业之间的产业关联和技术关联不足，尚存在重招商，轻培育的现象并且产业选择导向以战略性新兴产业为主，但未能根据本地禀赋优势和区位状况在新兴产业中体现本地导向和市场导向另外南宁高新区对人才集聚的外源推力不足，尚未形成人才的内生集聚
The establishment of High Tech Industrial Development Zone(i.e, HTIDZ) inethnic regions has played a decisive role in the economic development of minorityregions.In the meantime, HTIDZ provides an innovative platform and opportunity forethnic regions to advance technology and achieve economic prosperity using theirlate-developing advantage. In a collection of economic development metrics inethnic regions, HTIDZ is becoming more and more important for regional economy.HTIDZ serves as the vehicle of human capability and capital clustering as well as themajor source of Hi-tech industrial production and job positions in the ethnic regions.In addition, comparing HTIDZ of ethnic area to those of other regions, it appears thatthey are becoming alike on various economic indices, showing that HTIDZ in ethnicregions has reduced the gap by guiding, reshaping and completing the industrialstructure. Although HTIDZs of ethnic regions show late-developing advantage interms of efficiency, the lump sum differences of industrial economy scales within andbetween regionsare noticeable. To better use the positive impacts of HTIDZ in ethnicregions, we need to clarify two questions. First, the initialization of HTIDZ in ethnicregions is not guided by market but administrative regulations. How can we definethe roles of government and market in the HTIDZ establishment, especially when themarket potential and endowment structure have yet formed any effective marketexpectation? Second, how about the performance that are resulted from existinggrowth models, and how shall we appropriately revise current policy? To these ends,we need to theoretically measure the developing performance of HTIDZ in ethnicregions; and empirically conduct extensive evaluations on collected data.
Therefore this study includes two major parts. First, comprehensively review thehistorical trajectory of HTIDZ development in ethnic regions; Second, measure andevaluate the development efficiency of HTIDZ in ethnic regions. The essential idea ofthe review is to look at the policy transition, quantitatively analyze the statistics ofeconomic indices and then assess the evolution of HTIDZ industry, and finally weconduct quantitative analyses on the dynamic relationship between HTIDZ and regional economic development in ethnic regions. On the other hand, the idea ofanalysis on the efficiency of the HTIDZ development is to first assess the efficiency ofscientific and technological investments, identify the individual differences andbackground differences, and remove the fixed difference for later comparing of theefficiency differences; then we adopt a two-stage data envelop model to quantitativemeasure the investment and production efficiency in ethnic regions; lastly, we cancompare the efficiency differences within as well as between regions such that mainproblems are identified to fulfill logical preconditions for the policy advices in HTIDZdevelopment in ethnic regions.
Specific research framework of this dissertationhas eight chapters. The firstchapter: introduction, which includesthe research background, research significanceand the descriptions on the framework of the dissertation; the second chapter: thedomestic as well as foreign literature review of the research on high tech Zonetheories. This involves the high-tech industry, economic growth theory, theinput-output efficiency evaluation method, industry, literature and theory isexpounded, and comment on the literature; the third chapter: the relationshipbetween the minority area high tech Zone Development and regional economicgrowth. From the minority regions of science and technology park developmentprocess, development status, industry distribution, evolution and regional economicgrowth and other aspects of the analysis, and the evolution of the high techDevelopment Zone, national minority area stage judgment and interpretation; thefourth chapter: An Empirical Study on the efficiency of minority investment inscience and technology. Based on input-output model to construct two stagenetwork DEA, minority regions of science and technology investment efficiency ofthe empirical analysis, found the effective investment in science and technology ofeach stage, and puts forward suggestions for improvement; the fifth chapter: outputefficiency evaluation of high tech Zone in minority area based on DEA model. Twobasic CCR model and BCC model using DEA method, the construction of6differentinput output model for efficiency evaluation of minority area high-tech zones, andfrom the perspective of the national minority area high-tech zones to improve input-output efficiency policy recommendations.The sixth chapter: the case analysisof the Nanning High-tech Industrial Development Zone as an example. Based on theinvestigation of Nanning High-tech Industrial Development Zone, introduces in detailthe Nanning High-tech Industrial Development Zones, industrial developmentdirection, development advantages and existing problems, according to the commonproblems existing in minority regions put forward policy suggestion; the seventhchapter: Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone Development in the minority regionsof policy recommendations. Combined with the actual situation, targeted for thedevelopment of national high tech Industrial Development Zone, puts forward somesuggestions for reference; the eighth chapter: the conclusion and future researchdirection.The eighth chapter: conclusion and future research direction thatconcludesthe study,provides policy implications, and discusses the limitations and futureresearch direction.
The main findings are concluded as follows. First, the values of economic indicesare increasing in ethnic regions and the increase rate is higher in ethnic regions thanthe average rate of China. The HTIDZ can make use of late-developing advantage tocatch up in terms of the lump-sum quantity and structural quality. However, thecurrent overall quality of HTIDZ in ethnic regions is relatively weak and the gap tonational average is still noticeable.HTIDZ needs to combine objective efficiencyanalysis and endowment advantages in order to catch up in the hi-tech domain.
Second, the HTIDZ focuses on the imitation and incremental R&D due to thatthey are far from the technology frontiers. The ratio of employees with high degreesand certificates is significantly below national average, and the ratio of participantsand budget in the scientific&technological related activities is also low. To chooseappropriate industries, HTIDZ in ethnic regions should emphasize on exploringnatural resources and providing outsourced services. To foster emerging industry,they have yet formed an effective clustering effect on important elements such ashuman capital.
Third, HTIDZ in ethnic regions directly impact regional economy by creating newjobs and production. They can also indirectly promote for the local economy through knowledge spill-over and derivative business. Showing an increasing tendency, thejobs and the industrial output of HTIDZ account for the major component of localeconomies. For ethnic regions, we can establish HTIDZs with administrativeguidelines in order to realize the clustering of economical elements, promote for theproduction efficiency, and shape for regional economy growth.
Forth, the evolutionary path of the industrial structure of HTIDZ in ethnicregions can be summarized as “unstable industrial structure–gradual formed amixed structure with traditional and hi-tech industries–then evolve to a structuraldominated by hi-tech industries–lastly a combination of hi-tech and modernservices”. However, each HTIDZ in ethnic regions is dominated by significantlydifferent indsutry due to the accumulated legacy and difference in resourceendowment. In addition, the structural evolution progress is also different amongHTIDZs in ethnic regions. Therefore, customized policies are desirable to facilitatesuch regional differences while the public policies are also essential to serve theircommonalities.
Fifth, it is shown in the two-stage DEA model that significant variance exists inthe input-output efficiency of HTIDZ in ethnic regions. The HTIDZ at Changji, Liuzhou,Ningxia, andKunming are the most efficient in this metric, followed by those atBaotou, Guiyang and Qinghai. The HTIDZs in Urumqi, Nanning, and Guilin are amongthe lowest in terms of the input-output efficiency index. To increase this index, weneed to optimize the investment structure and increase the quality of industrialinvestment, complete the mechanism that strategically directs financial capital toemerging hi-tech industries, and prevent duplicate construction at lower level. Onthe other hand, to complete the industrial system with accessory supports, we needto keep the strategy of combining public supports and targeted supports and developor introduce hi-tech companies in order to benefit the overall competency of thelocal industry cluster.
Sixth, case study shows that the HTIDZ in Nanning is spilling over to benefit theregional economy development and the impacts are increasing. The industrialstructure in the HTIDZ effectively reflects the strategic arrangement. However, it confronts with a series of problems, which includes the weak cohesive correlationwithin the industry cluster, insufficient technological and industrial associationsamong companies, and less emphasis on developing existing companies comparingto introducing new companies. Additionally, it gives priority to emerging hi-techindustries while overlooking the local endowment advantages. HTIDZ in Nanning hasyet formed a clustering effect on human capital due to the lack of incentives.
基于该目的，本文的主要内容主要包括两个方面：一是全面回顾民族地区高新区发展历程；二是测度并分析民族地区高新区的发展效率高新区的发展历程回顾的主要思路为：首先回顾民族地区高新区设立的政策沿革，然后对民族地区高新区各项经济指标的变动进行量化统计分析，并从产业演化的角度对民族地区高新区产业发展历程进行判定，最后对民族地区高新区与当地区域经济发展关系的动态演化进行量化分析高新区发展效率分析的主要思路为：首先对民族地区科技投入效率进行判定，从而识别民族地区高新区发展的个体技术差异和背景因素差异，为后续高新区效率差异比较剥离技术背景的固定差异；其次利用两阶段数据包络模型对民族地区高新区投入产出效率进行量化测度；最后通过区际区内的效率差异分析，识别了民族地区高新区发展的主要问题，从而为民族地区高新区发展的政策建议提供逻辑前提
本文的具体研究框架分为八章第一章是绪论，对论文的研究背景研究意义及论文框架及进行了阐述；第二章是国内外高新区理论研究进展，对本文涉及的高新技术产业经济增长理论投入产出效率评价方法产业极等理论和文献进行阐述，并对相关文献做出评述；第三章是民族地区高新区发展与区域经济增长，从民族地区高新区的发展历程发展现状产业分布状况演化路径和与所在区域的经济增长关系等方面进行了分析，并对民族地区高新技术开发区演化阶段进行了判断和解读；第四章是民族地区高新技术产业科技投入产出效率实证研究，在构建两阶段网络DEA的投入产出模型的基础上，对我国民族地区科技投入效率进行了实证分析，发现了科技投入各阶段的有效性，并针对性的提出改进建议；第五章是民族地区高新技术产业园区科技投入产出效率评价，运用DEA方法的两个基本模型CCR和BCC模型，构建6种不同的投入产出模型对民族地区高新区进行了效率评价，并从多个角度分析了民族地区高新区改善投入产出效率的政策建议和实现路径；第六章是民族地区高新技术产业开发区发展案例分析—以南宁高新技术产业开发区为例，在对南宁高新技术产业开发区调研的基础上，详细介绍了南宁高新技术产业开发区的发展情况产业方向选择发展优势及存在的问题，针对民族地区存在的共性问题提出了政策建议等；第七章是民族地区高新技术产业开发区发展的政策建议，结合实际情况，有针对性的为民族地区高新产业开发区的发展提出了可供参考的政策建议；第八章是结论与未来研究方向，概括了本文的研究结论政策启示研究不足和可能的研究方向
本文的主要观点和结论为：第一，民族地区高新区的各项经济指标持续快速增长，且增速快于全国整体水平，民族地区高新区能够有效发挥落后地区的后发优势，在经济总量和结构上实现追赶但民族地区高新区的总体实力还较为薄弱，与全国平均水平的绝对差距依然较大，未来民族地区高新区需要在客观分析投入产出效率的基础上，结合禀赋优势实现高新技术领域的赶超发展
第二，由于离技术前沿较远，民族地区高新区在技术水平上尚以技术模仿和技术二次开发为主，园区内高学历高职称从业人员比重显著低于全国平均水平，科技活动人员的比重和人均科技活动内部经费支出也较低民族地区高新区在产业选择上，还主要以本地自然资源禀赋和外来产业承接为主，在战略性新兴产业培育上，还没有形成人力资本等要素的有效集聚
第三，民族地区高新区可以通过就业和产值创造直接影响民族地区区域经济，也可以通过知识溢出企业衍生等间接方式对本地经济产生正向影响民族地区高新区就业工业产值和总产值等指标占本地经济比重较大且呈递增态势在民族地区进行高新区建设，能够通过政策性引导，塑造地区经济增长极，实现要素集聚，提升生产效率
第四，民族地区高新区产业结构的演化路径为不稳定的产业结构-逐步形成以传统产业与高新技术产业并存的主导产业结构-逐步演变为以高新技术产业为主导的产业结构-高新技术产业和现代服务业共同融合发展的产业结构但由于历史发展积累和资源禀赋的差异，民族地区各高新区的主导产业选择差别较大，并且民族各地区高新区的产业结构演化与转化的进程也不同，具有很大的不平衡性因此，在制定和实施民族地区高新区发展政策时，除了针对高新技术产业的共性制定相应统一政策，还需要针对民族地区各高新区的客观差异，制定更具适应性的相关政策
第五，两阶段网络DEA模型的评价结果显示，民族地区高新区的投入产出效率存在显著的区际差异，昌吉高新区柳州高新区宁夏高新区昆明高新区的科技投入效率在民族地区中位于第一梯队；包头稀土高新区贵阳高新区和青海高新区位于第二梯队；乌鲁木齐高新区南宁高新区和桂林高新区效率最低要提高民族地区高新区投入产出效率，首先要调整优化投资结构，提高工业投资质量要完善投资持续增长机制使资金投向具有区域优势的战略性新兴产业和高新技术产业，防止低水平重复建设其次，要完善产业配套体系，坚持全面培育与重点扶持相结合，提升产业集群整体竞争力，大力发展和引进科技型企业
第六，案例研究显示，南宁高新区对南宁区域经济发展的溢出作用日益凸显，园区内产业结构有效体现了新兴产业的战略布局但南宁高新区在发展过程中也面临一系列问题，包括：产业内企业集群关联度不够，企业之间的产业关联和技术关联不足，尚存在重招商，轻培育的现象并且产业选择导向以战略性新兴产业为主，但未能根据本地禀赋优势和区位状况在新兴产业中体现本地导向和市场导向另外南宁高新区对人才集聚的外源推力不足，尚未形成人才的内生集聚
The establishment of High Tech Industrial Development Zone(i.e, HTIDZ) inethnic regions has played a decisive role in the economic development of minorityregions.In the meantime, HTIDZ provides an innovative platform and opportunity forethnic regions to advance technology and achieve economic prosperity using theirlate-developing advantage. In a collection of economic development metrics inethnic regions, HTIDZ is becoming more and more important for regional economy.HTIDZ serves as the vehicle of human capability and capital clustering as well as themajor source of Hi-tech industrial production and job positions in the ethnic regions.In addition, comparing HTIDZ of ethnic area to those of other regions, it appears thatthey are becoming alike on various economic indices, showing that HTIDZ in ethnicregions has reduced the gap by guiding, reshaping and completing the industrialstructure. Although HTIDZs of ethnic regions show late-developing advantage interms of efficiency, the lump sum differences of industrial economy scales within andbetween regionsare noticeable. To better use the positive impacts of HTIDZ in ethnicregions, we need to clarify two questions. First, the initialization of HTIDZ in ethnicregions is not guided by market but administrative regulations. How can we definethe roles of government and market in the HTIDZ establishment, especially when themarket potential and endowment structure have yet formed any effective marketexpectation? Second, how about the performance that are resulted from existinggrowth models, and how shall we appropriately revise current policy? To these ends,we need to theoretically measure the developing performance of HTIDZ in ethnicregions; and empirically conduct extensive evaluations on collected data.
Therefore this study includes two major parts. First, comprehensively review thehistorical trajectory of HTIDZ development in ethnic regions; Second, measure andevaluate the development efficiency of HTIDZ in ethnic regions. The essential idea ofthe review is to look at the policy transition, quantitatively analyze the statistics ofeconomic indices and then assess the evolution of HTIDZ industry, and finally weconduct quantitative analyses on the dynamic relationship between HTIDZ and regional economic development in ethnic regions. On the other hand, the idea ofanalysis on the efficiency of the HTIDZ development is to first assess the efficiency ofscientific and technological investments, identify the individual differences andbackground differences, and remove the fixed difference for later comparing of theefficiency differences; then we adopt a two-stage data envelop model to quantitativemeasure the investment and production efficiency in ethnic regions; lastly, we cancompare the efficiency differences within as well as between regions such that mainproblems are identified to fulfill logical preconditions for the policy advices in HTIDZdevelopment in ethnic regions.
Specific research framework of this dissertationhas eight chapters. The firstchapter: introduction, which includesthe research background, research significanceand the descriptions on the framework of the dissertation; the second chapter: thedomestic as well as foreign literature review of the research on high tech Zonetheories. This involves the high-tech industry, economic growth theory, theinput-output efficiency evaluation method, industry, literature and theory isexpounded, and comment on the literature; the third chapter: the relationshipbetween the minority area high tech Zone Development and regional economicgrowth. From the minority regions of science and technology park developmentprocess, development status, industry distribution, evolution and regional economicgrowth and other aspects of the analysis, and the evolution of the high techDevelopment Zone, national minority area stage judgment and interpretation; thefourth chapter: An Empirical Study on the efficiency of minority investment inscience and technology. Based on input-output model to construct two stagenetwork DEA, minority regions of science and technology investment efficiency ofthe empirical analysis, found the effective investment in science and technology ofeach stage, and puts forward suggestions for improvement; the fifth chapter: outputefficiency evaluation of high tech Zone in minority area based on DEA model. Twobasic CCR model and BCC model using DEA method, the construction of6differentinput output model for efficiency evaluation of minority area high-tech zones, andfrom the perspective of the national minority area high-tech zones to improve input-output efficiency policy recommendations.The sixth chapter: the case analysisof the Nanning High-tech Industrial Development Zone as an example. Based on theinvestigation of Nanning High-tech Industrial Development Zone, introduces in detailthe Nanning High-tech Industrial Development Zones, industrial developmentdirection, development advantages and existing problems, according to the commonproblems existing in minority regions put forward policy suggestion; the seventhchapter: Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone Development in the minority regionsof policy recommendations. Combined with the actual situation, targeted for thedevelopment of national high tech Industrial Development Zone, puts forward somesuggestions for reference; the eighth chapter: the conclusion and future researchdirection.The eighth chapter: conclusion and future research direction thatconcludesthe study,provides policy implications, and discusses the limitations and futureresearch direction.
The main findings are concluded as follows. First, the values of economic indicesare increasing in ethnic regions and the increase rate is higher in ethnic regions thanthe average rate of China. The HTIDZ can make use of late-developing advantage tocatch up in terms of the lump-sum quantity and structural quality. However, thecurrent overall quality of HTIDZ in ethnic regions is relatively weak and the gap tonational average is still noticeable.HTIDZ needs to combine objective efficiencyanalysis and endowment advantages in order to catch up in the hi-tech domain.
Second, the HTIDZ focuses on the imitation and incremental R&D due to thatthey are far from the technology frontiers. The ratio of employees with high degreesand certificates is significantly below national average, and the ratio of participantsand budget in the scientific&technological related activities is also low. To chooseappropriate industries, HTIDZ in ethnic regions should emphasize on exploringnatural resources and providing outsourced services. To foster emerging industry,they have yet formed an effective clustering effect on important elements such ashuman capital.
Third, HTIDZ in ethnic regions directly impact regional economy by creating newjobs and production. They can also indirectly promote for the local economy through knowledge spill-over and derivative business. Showing an increasing tendency, thejobs and the industrial output of HTIDZ account for the major component of localeconomies. For ethnic regions, we can establish HTIDZs with administrativeguidelines in order to realize the clustering of economical elements, promote for theproduction efficiency, and shape for regional economy growth.
Forth, the evolutionary path of the industrial structure of HTIDZ in ethnicregions can be summarized as “unstable industrial structure–gradual formed amixed structure with traditional and hi-tech industries–then evolve to a structuraldominated by hi-tech industries–lastly a combination of hi-tech and modernservices”. However, each HTIDZ in ethnic regions is dominated by significantlydifferent indsutry due to the accumulated legacy and difference in resourceendowment. In addition, the structural evolution progress is also different amongHTIDZs in ethnic regions. Therefore, customized policies are desirable to facilitatesuch regional differences while the public policies are also essential to serve theircommonalities.
Fifth, it is shown in the two-stage DEA model that significant variance exists inthe input-output efficiency of HTIDZ in ethnic regions. The HTIDZ at Changji, Liuzhou,Ningxia, andKunming are the most efficient in this metric, followed by those atBaotou, Guiyang and Qinghai. The HTIDZs in Urumqi, Nanning, and Guilin are amongthe lowest in terms of the input-output efficiency index. To increase this index, weneed to optimize the investment structure and increase the quality of industrialinvestment, complete the mechanism that strategically directs financial capital toemerging hi-tech industries, and prevent duplicate construction at lower level. Onthe other hand, to complete the industrial system with accessory supports, we needto keep the strategy of combining public supports and targeted supports and developor introduce hi-tech companies in order to benefit the overall competency of thelocal industry cluster.
Sixth, case study shows that the HTIDZ in Nanning is spilling over to benefit theregional economy development and the impacts are increasing. The industrialstructure in the HTIDZ effectively reflects the strategic arrangement. However, it confronts with a series of problems, which includes the weak cohesive correlationwithin the industry cluster, insufficient technological and industrial associationsamong companies, and less emphasis on developing existing companies comparingto introducing new companies. Additionally, it gives priority to emerging hi-techindustries while overlooking the local endowment advantages. HTIDZ in Nanning hasyet formed a clustering effect on human capital due to the lack of incentives.
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