基于GIS的海上石油平台溢油应急决策支持系统结构与应用研究
|
摘要
本文系统的评述了国内外关于海上溢油应急响应研究的现状,指出其中存在的一些问题,并详细的研究了溢油应急相关的研究方法和模型。针对渤海石油平台溢油应急响应的实际需求,结合课题其它组成部分的研究成果,利用GIS技术和决策支持技术开发了渤海石油平台溢油应急决策支持系统OSCOP-DSS,同时结合渤中26-2石油钻井平台的溢油仿真数据对系统进行了功能演示。
本文研究的主要内容包括以下六部分：
(1)本文通过对目前国内外海上溢油应急响应相关研究的总结,指出目前海上溢油应急工作存在的一些不足,基于地理信息系统(GIS)和决策支持系统(DSS),结合实际科研项目的研究成果和渤海的实际情况,设计了渤海石油平台溢油应急决策支持系统的总体架构和功能。
(2)通过分析海上溢油应急清除与回收处理这一实际问题,结合专家系统的结构和特点,建立基于产生式规则知识为基础的溢油应急清除与回收策略决策模型。把人工智能的手段应用到溢油应急反应中,针对海上溢油应急清除与回收处理决策建立专家系统,深入研究了知识库的构建、推理机的实现和知识的获取等,重点放在了知识的类型及表示、知识的结构设计、推理机的实现等方面。
(3)本文以系统科学为指导,把应用运输学、运筹学、地理信息系统等多学科结合起来,运用“模糊优化法”和“理想点法”研究了限制条件下的应急物资优化调运问题,提出了海上溢油应急资源优化调运模型。本模型包括单资源调运和多资源调运两种模式,每种模式又有基于“应急开始时间最短”和基于“系统稳定性最好”两个应急目标,为溢油应急人员提供辅助决策,提高溢油应急效率,降低物资调运成本。
(4)海洋溢油事故对海洋生态环境造成极大的损害,本文针对溢油应急的实际需求,提出了海上溢油动态损害模型,对溢油产生的损害进行评估。综合目前在海洋溢油生态损害方面的研究成果,进行公式推导,建立了相应的灾害损失评估公式,实现了对海洋环境容量、海洋生态服务功能和天然渔业损失评估的功能。
(5)本文利用层次分析法对海上石油平台溢油污染危害程度的判别进行研究,建立了海上石油平台溢油污染等级评估模型。筛选相应的溢油指标建立溢油污染危害递阶层次结构,确定了相应的目标层、准则层和方案层,并通过层次分析法确定各指标的隶属度,建立渤海石油平台溢油污染危害等级评估总排序表。最终把溢油污染危害划分为五个级别,每个级别对应一定的数值范围。通过模型运算得出的数值来判断所属的污染级别。
(6)本文通过介绍GIS技术、DSS技术和SDSS技术发展和特点,指出了SDSS技术在溢油应急领域的应用优势,在此基础上,以Visual studio.NET为开发平台,SQL Server 2005后台数据库为基础,加上研发的四个决策支持模型,采用C#语言和ArcGIS Engine 9.2开发建立了渤海石油平台溢油应急决策支持系统OSCOP-DSS。文章对OSCOP-DSS的开发需求、设计目标和原则、系统框架、开发应用平台和数据库管理平台都做了详细的阐述,并在此基础上对OSCOP-DSS中六大模块的结构和功能的设计进行了详细的说明,最后通过渤中26-2平台的仿真溢油数据对OSCOP-DSS进行了主要功能模块的演示。
论文的创新点包括以下三点：
(1)基于渤海石油平台溢油应急的现状,首次针对石油平台溢油应急决策方面的具体问题进行了研究,在分析溢油应急实际需求的基础上,结合SDSS的体系结构,设计了适合渤海石油平台溢油应急的决策支持系统架构和功能。
(2)研究实现了GIS和DSS有机融合,充分利用项目其它部分的研究成果,设计了“溢油应急清除与回收策略模型”、“应急物资优化调运模型”、“溢油污染动态损害模型”和“溢油污染等级评估模型”四个决策支持模型,对于渤海石油平台溢油灾害的防治具有重要的现实意义。
(3)充分研究渤海石油平台溢油应急响应的实际需求,基于溢油应急决策支持系统的架构和功能,结合ArcGIS Engine9.2、Visual Studio.NET平台和SQL Server 2005数据库,自主研发了渤海石油平台溢油应急决策支持系统OSCOP-DSS。
Previous international studies on the response to marine oil spill were systematically commentated in this paper in which some existed problems were pointed out and numbers of related methods and models were detailed introduced. Furthermore, the decision support system for oil spill emergency on offshore platform in Bohai named OSCOP-DSS was developed integrating the two techniques of GIS and Decision Support and adopting the achievements of other subordinate subjects in connection with the practical demand of the response to oil spill emergency on offshore platform of Bohai. Additionally, the functions of this system were demonstrated with the emulated data of the oil drilling platform of Bozhong 26-2.
The main content of this study includes six parts as follows:
(1) Summarized the international studies of current conditions on the response to oil spill emergency on offshore platform and indicated their limitations, and designed the general framework and functional requirement of the decision support system for oil emergency in offshore platform of Bohai, which constructed according to the achievements of scientific research projects in progress and the physical circumstances of Bohai, based on the combination techniques both of Geographical Information System (GIS) and Decision Support System (DSS).
(2) Constructed the Strategy Decision Model for the removal and recycling of spilled oil in offshore on basis of production knowledge rule combining the structure and characteristics of expert system through the practical problem analysis of the removal and recycling of spilled oil. Particularly, introducing the artificial intelligence mean into the response to oil spill emergency, constructed the expert system directing towards the process decision on removal and recycling of spilled oil offshore, further studied the construction of knowledge base, realization of processor, information acquisition and so on, and put the emphases on the aspects such as types and expression of knowledge, structure design of knowledge, the realization of processor.
(3) Studied the optimizing allocateandtransport of emergency supplies in limited conditions using Fuzzy Optimization Method and Ideal Point Method and proposed the optimizing allocateandtransport model of emergency supplies for offshore oil spill, following the guidance of system science and combining number of subjects such as applied transportation science, operational science, and geographical information system. This applied model was characterized by two patterns of single resource transport and multi resource transport both of which had the two emergency objects of the shortest beginning time for emergency and the best system stability, which could provide the aid decisions for emergency personnel, improve the emergency efficiency, and reduce the costs of supply allocateandtransport.
(4) Put forward the dynamic damage model for the offshore oil spill against the practical needs for the oil spill emergency due to the enormous damage of the marine oil spill accidents to the marine ecology environment, which was mainly on assessing the damage caused by oil spill. Comprehending the current achievements on the ecology damage of marine oil spill, the corresponding disaster loss evaluation formulas were constructed to realize the functions of loss evaluations on marine environment capability, marine ecology service and natural fishing.
(5) Established the pollution level assessment model for oil spill on offshore platforms through the application of analytic hierarchy process into the discrimination on the contamination degree of offshore oil spill. In detail, the corresponding oil spill parameters were selected to construct the risk hierarchical structure of oil spill pollutions which determined the corresponding object layer, criterion layer and program layer, and defined the membership grade of each parameter, finally, set up the total sort table of risk level assessment for the oil spill contamination on oil platform of Bohai. In this paper, five levels were classified for the pollution risk of oil spill and each level corresponded to a certain numerical range, and the pollution level was determined through the corresponding value calculated by the model.
(6) Pointed out the advantage of the application of SDSS technique in the field of oil spill emergency by comparing the development and characteristics of the techniques of GIS, DSS and SDSS, and established the decision support system of oil spill emergency on oil platform of Bohai named OSCOP-DSS adopting C# language and ArcGIS Engine 9.2 with Visual studio.NET as the platform and the MSSOL Server of SOL Server 2005 as the basis, together with the research and development achievements of four decision-support models. In addition, the development requirement, design object and principle, system framework, development application platform and database management platform of the OSCOP-DSS were detailed described in this paper, along with the structure and function design of the six main modules of OSCOP-DSS. Finally, the functions of this system were demonstrated with the emulated data of the oil drilling platform of Bozhong 26-2.
Three innovation points can be found in this paper, which was illustrated below:
(1) Basing on the current situation of oil spill emergency on oil platform in Bohai, first designed the appropriate decision support system framework and functions for oil spill emergency on the Bohai oil platform combining with the system structure of SDSS, countering the detailed problems in the decision support system of oil spill emergency on oil platform and at the basis of analysis of practical requirements in oil spill emergency response.
(2) Realized the organic integration between GIS and DSS, and designed four decision support models of Spilled Oil Removal and Recycling Strategy Model, Emergency Supplies Optimizing Allocateandtransport Model, Spilled Oil pollution Dynamic Risk Model, and Spilled Oil Pollution Level Assessment Model, which was of great practical significance to the disaster prevention and control of oil spill on Bohai oil platform.
(3) Independently developed the decision support system of oil spill on Bohai oil platform named OSCOP-DSS basing on the framework and functions of oil spill emergency decision support system combined with ArcGIS Engine9.2, Visual Studio.NET platform and SQL Server 2005 database after sufficiently understood the practical requirements of the response to oil spill emergency on Bohai oil platform.
本文研究的主要内容包括以下六部分：
(1)本文通过对目前国内外海上溢油应急响应相关研究的总结,指出目前海上溢油应急工作存在的一些不足,基于地理信息系统(GIS)和决策支持系统(DSS),结合实际科研项目的研究成果和渤海的实际情况,设计了渤海石油平台溢油应急决策支持系统的总体架构和功能。
(2)通过分析海上溢油应急清除与回收处理这一实际问题,结合专家系统的结构和特点,建立基于产生式规则知识为基础的溢油应急清除与回收策略决策模型。把人工智能的手段应用到溢油应急反应中,针对海上溢油应急清除与回收处理决策建立专家系统,深入研究了知识库的构建、推理机的实现和知识的获取等,重点放在了知识的类型及表示、知识的结构设计、推理机的实现等方面。
(3)本文以系统科学为指导,把应用运输学、运筹学、地理信息系统等多学科结合起来,运用“模糊优化法”和“理想点法”研究了限制条件下的应急物资优化调运问题,提出了海上溢油应急资源优化调运模型。本模型包括单资源调运和多资源调运两种模式,每种模式又有基于“应急开始时间最短”和基于“系统稳定性最好”两个应急目标,为溢油应急人员提供辅助决策,提高溢油应急效率,降低物资调运成本。
(4)海洋溢油事故对海洋生态环境造成极大的损害,本文针对溢油应急的实际需求,提出了海上溢油动态损害模型,对溢油产生的损害进行评估。综合目前在海洋溢油生态损害方面的研究成果,进行公式推导,建立了相应的灾害损失评估公式,实现了对海洋环境容量、海洋生态服务功能和天然渔业损失评估的功能。
(5)本文利用层次分析法对海上石油平台溢油污染危害程度的判别进行研究,建立了海上石油平台溢油污染等级评估模型。筛选相应的溢油指标建立溢油污染危害递阶层次结构,确定了相应的目标层、准则层和方案层,并通过层次分析法确定各指标的隶属度,建立渤海石油平台溢油污染危害等级评估总排序表。最终把溢油污染危害划分为五个级别,每个级别对应一定的数值范围。通过模型运算得出的数值来判断所属的污染级别。
(6)本文通过介绍GIS技术、DSS技术和SDSS技术发展和特点,指出了SDSS技术在溢油应急领域的应用优势,在此基础上,以Visual studio.NET为开发平台,SQL Server 2005后台数据库为基础,加上研发的四个决策支持模型,采用C#语言和ArcGIS Engine 9.2开发建立了渤海石油平台溢油应急决策支持系统OSCOP-DSS。文章对OSCOP-DSS的开发需求、设计目标和原则、系统框架、开发应用平台和数据库管理平台都做了详细的阐述,并在此基础上对OSCOP-DSS中六大模块的结构和功能的设计进行了详细的说明,最后通过渤中26-2平台的仿真溢油数据对OSCOP-DSS进行了主要功能模块的演示。
论文的创新点包括以下三点：
(1)基于渤海石油平台溢油应急的现状,首次针对石油平台溢油应急决策方面的具体问题进行了研究,在分析溢油应急实际需求的基础上,结合SDSS的体系结构,设计了适合渤海石油平台溢油应急的决策支持系统架构和功能。
(2)研究实现了GIS和DSS有机融合,充分利用项目其它部分的研究成果,设计了“溢油应急清除与回收策略模型”、“应急物资优化调运模型”、“溢油污染动态损害模型”和“溢油污染等级评估模型”四个决策支持模型,对于渤海石油平台溢油灾害的防治具有重要的现实意义。
(3)充分研究渤海石油平台溢油应急响应的实际需求,基于溢油应急决策支持系统的架构和功能,结合ArcGIS Engine9.2、Visual Studio.NET平台和SQL Server 2005数据库,自主研发了渤海石油平台溢油应急决策支持系统OSCOP-DSS。
Previous international studies on the response to marine oil spill were systematically commentated in this paper in which some existed problems were pointed out and numbers of related methods and models were detailed introduced. Furthermore, the decision support system for oil spill emergency on offshore platform in Bohai named OSCOP-DSS was developed integrating the two techniques of GIS and Decision Support and adopting the achievements of other subordinate subjects in connection with the practical demand of the response to oil spill emergency on offshore platform of Bohai. Additionally, the functions of this system were demonstrated with the emulated data of the oil drilling platform of Bozhong 26-2.
The main content of this study includes six parts as follows:
(1) Summarized the international studies of current conditions on the response to oil spill emergency on offshore platform and indicated their limitations, and designed the general framework and functional requirement of the decision support system for oil emergency in offshore platform of Bohai, which constructed according to the achievements of scientific research projects in progress and the physical circumstances of Bohai, based on the combination techniques both of Geographical Information System (GIS) and Decision Support System (DSS).
(2) Constructed the Strategy Decision Model for the removal and recycling of spilled oil in offshore on basis of production knowledge rule combining the structure and characteristics of expert system through the practical problem analysis of the removal and recycling of spilled oil. Particularly, introducing the artificial intelligence mean into the response to oil spill emergency, constructed the expert system directing towards the process decision on removal and recycling of spilled oil offshore, further studied the construction of knowledge base, realization of processor, information acquisition and so on, and put the emphases on the aspects such as types and expression of knowledge, structure design of knowledge, the realization of processor.
(3) Studied the optimizing allocateandtransport of emergency supplies in limited conditions using Fuzzy Optimization Method and Ideal Point Method and proposed the optimizing allocateandtransport model of emergency supplies for offshore oil spill, following the guidance of system science and combining number of subjects such as applied transportation science, operational science, and geographical information system. This applied model was characterized by two patterns of single resource transport and multi resource transport both of which had the two emergency objects of the shortest beginning time for emergency and the best system stability, which could provide the aid decisions for emergency personnel, improve the emergency efficiency, and reduce the costs of supply allocateandtransport.
(4) Put forward the dynamic damage model for the offshore oil spill against the practical needs for the oil spill emergency due to the enormous damage of the marine oil spill accidents to the marine ecology environment, which was mainly on assessing the damage caused by oil spill. Comprehending the current achievements on the ecology damage of marine oil spill, the corresponding disaster loss evaluation formulas were constructed to realize the functions of loss evaluations on marine environment capability, marine ecology service and natural fishing.
(5) Established the pollution level assessment model for oil spill on offshore platforms through the application of analytic hierarchy process into the discrimination on the contamination degree of offshore oil spill. In detail, the corresponding oil spill parameters were selected to construct the risk hierarchical structure of oil spill pollutions which determined the corresponding object layer, criterion layer and program layer, and defined the membership grade of each parameter, finally, set up the total sort table of risk level assessment for the oil spill contamination on oil platform of Bohai. In this paper, five levels were classified for the pollution risk of oil spill and each level corresponded to a certain numerical range, and the pollution level was determined through the corresponding value calculated by the model.
(6) Pointed out the advantage of the application of SDSS technique in the field of oil spill emergency by comparing the development and characteristics of the techniques of GIS, DSS and SDSS, and established the decision support system of oil spill emergency on oil platform of Bohai named OSCOP-DSS adopting C# language and ArcGIS Engine 9.2 with Visual studio.NET as the platform and the MSSOL Server of SOL Server 2005 as the basis, together with the research and development achievements of four decision-support models. In addition, the development requirement, design object and principle, system framework, development application platform and database management platform of the OSCOP-DSS were detailed described in this paper, along with the structure and function design of the six main modules of OSCOP-DSS. Finally, the functions of this system were demonstrated with the emulated data of the oil drilling platform of Bozhong 26-2.
Three innovation points can be found in this paper, which was illustrated below:
(1) Basing on the current situation of oil spill emergency on oil platform in Bohai, first designed the appropriate decision support system framework and functions for oil spill emergency on the Bohai oil platform combining with the system structure of SDSS, countering the detailed problems in the decision support system of oil spill emergency on oil platform and at the basis of analysis of practical requirements in oil spill emergency response.
(2) Realized the organic integration between GIS and DSS, and designed four decision support models of Spilled Oil Removal and Recycling Strategy Model, Emergency Supplies Optimizing Allocateandtransport Model, Spilled Oil pollution Dynamic Risk Model, and Spilled Oil Pollution Level Assessment Model, which was of great practical significance to the disaster prevention and control of oil spill on Bohai oil platform.
(3) Independently developed the decision support system of oil spill on Bohai oil platform named OSCOP-DSS basing on the framework and functions of oil spill emergency decision support system combined with ArcGIS Engine9.2, Visual Studio.NET platform and SQL Server 2005 database after sufficiently understood the practical requirements of the response to oil spill emergency on Bohai oil platform.
引文
[1]华艳.渤海湾石油年产量两三年内将达3000万吨http://finance.sina.com.cn/chanjing/cyxw/ 20100204/13077368705.shtml,2010-2-4.
[2]邓卫华,张泽伟.2010年渤海油田年产量有望占中国海上石油产量一半以上http://www.86ne.com/Energy/200801/Energy_103479.html,2008-1-18.
[3]赵冬至,张存智,徐恒振.海洋溢油灾害应急响应技术研究[M].北京：海洋出版社.2006.
[4]杨文.论有效实施船舶污染应急计划的关键问题[J].交通环保,2000,Vol.21,No.4：22-24.
[5]C.Doulineris, John Collins, Eleftherios Iakovou. Development of OSMS:an oil spill information management system[J]. Spill Science & Technology Bulletin.1995, Vol.2, No.4: 255-263.
[6]C. Douligeris, E. Iakovou, J.D. Englehardt. Development of a national marine oil transportation system model[J]. Spill Science & Technology Bulletin.1997, Vol.4, No.2:113-121.
[7]Malcolm L.Spaulding, Thomas Opishinski & Sean Haynes. COASTMAP:An integrated monitoring and modeling system to support oil spill response[J]. Spill Science & Technology Bulletin.1996, Vol.3, No.3:149-169.
[8]Reed M.,Ekrol N.,Rye H.,et.al,Oil spill contingency and response(OSCAR) analysis in support of environmental impact assessment offshore Namibia, Spill Science&Technology Bulletin, 1999, Vol.5, No.1:29～38.
[9]Al-Rabeh, A.H., Lardner, R.W., Gunay, N.,. Gulfspill version 2.0:a software package for oil spills in the Arabian Gulf. Environmental Modelling & Software.1999,15(2000),425-442.
[10]Varlamov S.M.J.-H.Yoon,H. Nagaishi&K. Abe, Japan Sea oil spill analysis and quick response system with adaptation of shallow water ocean circulation model. Reports of Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University,2000, No.118:9～22.
[11]Karen Russell. A knowledge-based spatial decision support system(SDSS) for coastal zone oil spill response in anaktalak bay, Labrador[D]. Department of Geography Memorial Universal of Newfoundland,2004.
[12]G. Jorda, E. Comerma, R. Bolanos. Impact of forcing errors in the CAMCAT oil spill forecasting system-A sensitivity study[J]. Journal of Marine Systems.2006,65 (2007) 134-157.
[13]傅孙成,王文质,章凡等.南海海上溢油漂移扩散预测微机视算系统[J].热带海洋.1994,Vol.13,No.2：88～92.
[14]殷佩海,任福安.海上溢油应急反应专家系统[J].交通环保.1996,Vol.17,No.2：14-17.
[15]张波,吴冠等.中文Windows环境下的海上溢油预报系统[J].海洋环境科学.1997,Vol.16,No.1：37～41.
[16]刘彦呈,袁世春,林建国等.海上溢油应急反应地理信息系统的开发[J].大连海事大学学报.2001,Vol.27,No.2：42～45.
[17]施益强,伍量,陈玲.海上溢油事故应急反应系统的框架研究[J].油气田环境保护.2002,Vol.12,No.4：35-37.
[18]侯旭可.海事部门在船舶溢油事故处置中的作用[J].水运管理.2009,Vol.31,No.8：39-41.
[19]陈维皓.海上溢油应急决策支持系统的研究与开发[D].上海：上海海事大学.2006.
[20]周秀玲.美国海岸警卫队溢油应急的计划、训练和反应系统(SPEARS)[J].交通环保.1996,Vol17,46.
[21]乐炜.日本石油协会的重大溢油反应计划[J].交通环保.1996,No.4：41-44.
[22]王水田.象牙海岸的溢油应急计划[J].交通环保.1995,Vol.16,46-49.
[23]劳辉.关于OPRC公约的实施[J].交通环保.1999,Vol.30,No.3：24-28.
[24]张勇.制约溢油应急反应有效实施的基本因素及建议[J].航海技术.2008,No.4：72-73
[25]马里.渤海海域溢油卫星遥感监测研究[D].大连：大连海事大学.
[26]李四海.海上溢油遥感探测技术及其应用进展[J].遥感信息.2004,No.2：53-57.
[27]C.M.Hu, F.E.Muller-Karger, C.Taylor,ect. MODIS detects oil spill in Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela, EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, vol.84, No.33:313.
[28]Salem, F.Kafatos, M., EI-Ghazawi, ect. Map oil spill Thinkness on Sea Wate[A]. The International Colloquium Series on land use/Cover change Science and Applications. Antalya, Turkey.13-16.
[29]Y.W.Tseng, L.S.Chiu. AVHRR observations of Persian Gulf oil spills[A], Int. Geoscience and Remote Sensing SymP. (IGARSS), Pasadena, USA,1994,vol.2,779-782
[30]Fantasia,J.F,T.M.Hard,H.C.Ingrao. An investigation of oil fluorescence as a technique for remote sensing of oil spills. Transportation systems center,Cambridge,Msaa.
[31]Measures,R.M,M.Bristow.The development of a laser fluorosensor for remote environmental probing[A]. Conference on sensing of environment pollutants, Palo Alto,1971,424-422.
[32]Marc Lennon,Sergey Babichenko, NicolasThomas. Detection and mapping of oil slicks in the sea by combined use of hyperspectral imagery and laser induced fluorescence. EARSEL[R]. Proceeding 5, issue.2006.
[33]Lennon M,S.Babichenko,N.Thomas.oil slick detection and characterization by satellite and airborne sensors:experimental results with SAR,Hyperspectral and lidar data[J].IEEE IGARSSS.2005,Seoul,Korea,25-29.
[34]Skou.N,Sorensen B.M,Poulson A. A new airborne dual frequency microwave radiometer for mapping and quantifying mineral oil on the sea surface[A].Proceedings of the second thematic conference on remote sensing for marine and coastal environments,ERIM Conferences,Ann Arbor,Michigan, Ⅱ-559-565.
[35]Mussetto M.S,Yujiri L,Dixon D.P.Passive millimeter wave radiometric sensing of oil spills [A].Preceedings of the second thematic conference on remote sensing for marine and coastal environments:Needs, solutions and applications,ERIM Conferences, Ann ARBOR,mICHIGAN,I-35-46.
[36]Espdal HA, Wahl T. Satellite SAR oil spill detection using wind history information [J]. Interrnational journal of Remote Sensing,1999, Vol.20, No.1:49-65.
[37]Bern T I,Wahl T,Anderssen T,Olsen R.Oil spill detection using satellite based SAR:experience from a field experient [J].Petroleum Abstacts,1993,33:423-428.
[38]安居白,张永宁.发达国家海上溢油遥感监测现状分析[J].交通环保.2002,Vol.23,No.3：27-29.
[39]Brown C E, Fingas M F. Oil spill remote sensors [A]. Encyclopedia of Environmental Analysis and Remediation [C]. NewYork:Robert A Meyers,1998.3200-3207.
[40]Brown C E, Fingas M F. Oil spill remote sensing in marine and coastal environments using laser-based sensors [A]. Proceedings of the Twentieth Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing[C].Ottawa, Ontario:Canadian Aeronautics and Space Institute,1998.15-18.
[41]李栖筠,陈维英,肖乾广等.老铁山水道溢油事故卫星监测[J].环境遥感,1994,Vol.9,No.4：256-262.
[42]汪渝,熊德琪.基于GPRS/GPS/GIS的船舶溢油远程监测系统的研究[J].交通环保,2003.
[43]于五一,李进,邵芸等.海上油气勘探开发中的溢油遥感监测技术—以渤海湾海域为例[J].石油勘探与开发.2007,Vol.34,No.3：378-383.
[44]李颖,马龙,付玉慧等.海上溢油卫星影像处理和分析[C].2007环境遥感学术年会大连.2007：250-255.
[45]韩龙,赵谱.如何加强卫星遥感监视海面溢油工作[J].中国水运,2007.
[46]杨悦文,商红梅.用表层漂流浮标对海上溢油实时跟踪和监测的方法[J].海洋技术,2007.
[47]谢文宁,刘晋川,张同戌等.基于北斗卫星定位技术的海上溢油跟踪监测系统研究[J].水运科学研究.2008,No.3：14-19.
[48]Wang Zhendi,Fingas Merv.Developments in the analysis of petroleum hydrocarbons in oils petroleum products and oil-spill-related environmental samples by gas chromatography[J]. Chromatography A,1997,774:51-78.
[49]Wang Zhengdi,Fingas Merv,Lanadriault Michel,et al.Identification of alkylbenzenes and direct determination of BETX and (BETX+ C3-Benzenes) in oils by GC/MS[J].Analytical Chemistry,1995,67:3491-3500.
[50]Wang Zhengdi,Fingas Merv,Lanadriault Michel,et al.Source identification of an unknown spilled oil from Quebec by unique biomarkers and diagnostic ratios of" sourcespecific marker" compounds[J]. Environmental Technology,1998, No.20:851-862.
[51]Barry K Lavine. Source identification of underground fuel spills by pattern recognition analysis of high-speed gas chromatograms[J]. Analytical Chemistry,1995,67:3846-3852.
[52]甘居利,贾晓平.溢油“指纹”的判别方法[J].海洋科学,1998,Vol.29,No.3：70-72.
[53]孙培艳,包木太,高振会,等.渤海海上原油气相色谱指纹鉴别[J].中国海洋大学学报,2004,34(增)：23-26.
[54]Wang Zhendi,Fingas M,Lambert P,et al.Characterization and identification of the Detroit River mystery oil spill[J]. Chromstography,2004,1038:201-214.
[55]孙培艳,包木太,王鑫平等.国内外溢油鉴别及油指纹库建设现状及应用[J].西安石油大学学报.2006,Vol.21,No.5：72-78.
[56]James M. Price, Walter R. Johnson, Zhen-Gang Ji, Charles F. Marshall, Gail B.Rainey. Sensitivity testing for improved efficiency of a statistical oil-spill risk analysis model[J]. Environmental Modeling&Software.2004,No.19:671-679.
[57]Graham Copelanda, Wee Thiam-Yew. Current data assimilation modeling for oil spill contingency planning [J]. Environmental Modeling&Software,2006, Vol.21, No.2:142-155.
[58]Reed, M., Aamo, O.M., Daling, P.S. Quantitative analysis of alternate oil spill response strategies using OSCAR[J]. Spill Sci.Technol.1995, Vol.2, No.1:67-74.
[59]Reed, M., Aamo, O.M., Daling, P.S.,1995a. Quantitative analysis of alternate oil spill response strategies using OSCAR. Spill Sci.Technol.2(1),67-74.
[60]Aamo, O.M., Reed, M., Downing, K.,1996. Calibration, veri(?)cation, and sensitivity analysis of the SINTEF oil spill contingency and response (OSCAR) model system (in Norwegian)[R]. Report No.42.4048.00/01/96, p.87.
[61]Trevor Gilbert. The Australian Oil Spill Response Atlas and Introduction of a New Oil Spill Trajectory Model [EB/OL]. http://www.amsa.gov.au/marine_environment-protection/ National_plan
[62]Keramitsoglou I, Cartalis C, Kassomenos P. Decision support system for managing oil spill events[J]. Environ Manage.2003, Vol.32, No.2:290-8.
[63]Spaulding M, Kolluru V, Anderson E,et al. Application of a 3-dimensional oil spill model to hindcast the Braer spill[J]. Spill Science and Technology Bulletin.1994, Vol.1, No.1:23-35.
[64]Szostak, Rick. Intelligent supporting system for prevention and emergency response of pollution accident in marine transportation[A]. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Processing Systems, ICIPS,1998, No.2:1673-1677.
[65]Dobbins James P, Abkowitz Mark D. Development of an inland marine transportation risk management information system[J]. Transportation Research Record.2002,31-39.
[66]娄安刚,奚盘根,黄祖珂等.海面溢油轨迹的分析与预报[J].青岛海洋大学学报(自然科学版).1994,Vol.24,No.4：477-484.
[67]娄安刚,王学昌,于宜法等.蒙特卡罗方法在海洋溢油扩展预测中的应用研究[J].海洋科学.2000,Vol.24,No.5：7-10.
[68]熊德琪,林奎,肖明等.珠江口区域海上溢漏污染物动态预测系统的开发与应用[J].交通环保.2003,Vol.24,No.6：2-5.
[69]严世强,王辉,熊德琪等.基于GIS的溢油应急信息系统潮流快速预报及其应用研究[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版).2005,Vol.24,No.1：1-8.
[70]廖国祥,熊德琪,翟伟康等.基于WebGIS的海上溢油应急信息系统的构建[J].计算机工程.2007,Vol.33,No.12：272-274.
[71]冯浩然,胡建斌.基于无线传感器网络的水面溢油监测系统[J].《微计算机信息》(测控自动化).2009,Vol.25,No.2-1：1-3.
[72]张静.基于GIS的海面溢油控制与清除智能决策支持系统研究[D].大连：大连海事大学.2003.
[73]赵文朋.船舶溢油应急决策系统的研究与开发[D].上海：上海海事大学.2007,
[74]庄学强,陈坚,孙倩.基于“3S”技术的海上溢油信息系统设计与初步实现[J].集美大学学 报(自然科学版).2008,Vol.13,No.3：237-240.
[75]何浩冬.基于ECDIS的舟山港溢油信息系统研制[J].武汉船舶职业技术学院学报.2009,No.2：15-18.
[76]乔冰,赵前,赵平等.深圳溢油应急智能信息系统(OSERIIS 2000)研制[C].中国舰海学会,2001年度学术交流会论文集,101-105.
[77]刘彦呈,袁世春,林建国等.海上溢油应急反应地理信息系统的开发[J].大连海事大学学报.2001,Vol.27,No.2：42～45.
[78]熊德琪.大连海域溢油应急预报信息系统及其应用[J].交通环保.2002,Vol.23,No.3：5-7.
[79]俞济清,魏敏,黄立文.中国舟山港溢油模拟信息系统研制[J].武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版).2002,Vol.26,No.4：463-465.
[80]齐忠怀,基于预测和决策功能的海上船舶溢油应急信息系统[J].办公自动化杂志.2003,No.8：40-43.
[81]郑雯君.国外海洋溢油处理体系简介[J].海洋环境科学.1988,Vol.7,No.1：54-57.
[82]栗茂峰.瑞典的海岸与海洋环境管理[J].交通环保,2003,No.6：35-38.
[83]Godwin E.O,et al.First African oil spill coorperative:clean Nigeria associate[A].oil spill conference,1987,151-156.
[84]I.C. Agrawa, R. D. Gupta, Er. V. K. Gupta. GIS as modeling and decision support tool for air quality management: a conceptual framework [EB/OL]. http://www. GIS development.net, 2003.
[85]Paul H. Martin, Eugene J. LeBoeuf, Edsel B. Daniel. Development of a GIS-based spill management information system[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials B112 (2004) 239-252.
[86]F.L. Pincinato, P.S. Riedel, J.C.C. Milanelli Modelling an expert GIS system based on knowledge to evaluate oil spill environmental sensitivity[J]. Ocean & Coastal Management. 52(2009) 479-486.
[87]黄典剑.应急预案与预警系统[J].中国职业安全卫生管理系认证.2003,Vol.23,No.1：58.
[88]金磊.对《城市综合减灾应急处理预案》编研的建议[J].国环保产业.2004,Vol.10,NO.6：25.
[89]雷文章,陈延兵.陆地石油企业HSE应急预案建立研究[J].中国职业安全卫生管理体系认证.2004,Vol.24,No.4：26-29.
[90]熊苹,丁明柱,刘子强.利用GIS技术和RS技术减灾防[J].测绘与空间地理信息.2005,Vol.28,No.6：7-9.
[91]毛政利,朱宝训.城市应急预案决策支持系统框架研究[J].测绘与空间地理信息.2007：Vol.30,No.2：8-11.
[92]李杰,江建华.基于GIS的城市地震次生火灾危险性分析系[J].地震学报.2001,Vol.23,No.7：420-426.
[93]李一.生产经营单位生产性安全应急预案的系统设计简(待续)[J].职业卫生与应急救援.2004,Vol.22,No.2：57-58.
[94]冯凯,徐志胜,冯春莹等.小城镇基础设施防灾减灾决策持系统的研究与开发[J].中国安全科学学报.2004,Vol.14,No.2：74-77.
[95]陈述彭,鲁学军,周成虎.地理信息系统导论[M].北京科技出版社,1999.
[96]唐少佳,王炜,刘茂ALOHA在危险品公路运输应急决策支持系统中的应用[J].安全与环境学报.2007,Vol.4,No.7：122-125.
[97]董沛武,庄思勇,何成辉等.资源卫星投资决策支持系统的开发与设计[J].系统工程理论与实践.1997,No.5：36-41.
[98]王恒山,张琪.决策支持系统与地理信息系统的集成化研究[J].计算机应用工程.2000,No.5：176-178.
[99]Fedra, K. Feoli,e., GIS technology and spatial analysis in coastal management. EEZ Technology(2nd edition), London:ICG Publishing Ltd.
[100]Sorensen M. ARC/INFO marine spill GIS [J]. Spill Science and Technology Bulletin.1995, Vol.2, No.1:81-85.
[101]刘彦呈,林建国,殷佩海等.海上溢油基于GIS流场计算贴体坐标网格自动生成方法与技术研究[J].海洋环境科学.2003,Vol.22,No.3：63-67.
[102]刘彦呈,任光,殷佩海.海上溢油应急反应基于GIS的模拟训练系统研究[J].系统仿真学报.2004,Vol.16,No.11：2445-2447.
[103]金永福.基于GIS/GPS开发了海上溢油监测预测信息系统的开发研究[D].大连大连海事大学.2004.
[104]叶龙.基于GIS的海上船舶溢油应急资源调运系统的开发研究[D].上海：上海海事大学.2006.
[105]孙鉴坤.基于GIS的综合应急指挥决策系统的建设[J].中国公共安全.2007,155-157.
[106]高杰.给水工程综合防灾规划空间决策支持系统研究[D].青岛：中国海洋大学.2008.
[107]Galagan C, Hewlett E, Brown A.J. PC-based visualization of geographically referenced environmental data[A]. Proceedings of the 15th Arctic and Marine Oil Spill Program, Technical Seminar.1992,23-29.
[108]Ranger R.P, Harris R.S, Jopkins J.S et al.Computer enhancement of spill response decision support[A]. Proceedings of the 18th Arctic and Marine Oil Spill Program, Technical Seminar. 1995,297-312.
[109]Efrain Turban. Decision support and expert systems [M]. Macmillan Publishing Company. 1990,105-155.
[110]Keen P.G.W, Scott Morton M.S. Decision support systems:An organizational perspective. Reading, MA:Addision-Wesley,1978.50～100.
[111]袁曙涛.DSS的研究与发展概述[J].计算机应用,1990.
[112]陈文伟.决策支持系统及其开发[M].清华大学出版社,广西科学技术出版社,2004(8).
[113]曹晓静,张航.决策支持系统的发展及其关键技术分析[J].计算机技术与发展.2006,Vol.16,No.11：94-96.
[114]高洪森.决策支持系统(DSS)理论方法案例[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2005.
[115]兰壮丽,赵勇.基于神经网络的智能DSS研究[J].西安科技学院学报.2004,Vol.24,No.2：207-210.
[116]Owen D, Volpato E. Focusing high technology on the executive decision making process[J]. The Australian Director.1985,No.15:57.
[117]雷兵,刘纪平,谭海,等.空间辅助决策支持系统的应用模型及管理研究[J].测绘科学,2005,No.1：55-56,75.
[118]陆西宁,王红芳.基于GIS的空间决策支持系统的研究[J].微电子学与计算机.2009,Vol.26,No.4：138-140.
[119]常晋义,张渊智,空间决策支持系统及其应用[J].遥感技术与应用.1996,Vol.11,No.1：33-39.
[120]Smith T, Peuquet D, Menon S, et al. KBGIS-Ⅱ:A knowledge-based geographical information system[J]. International journal of geographical information system.1987, Vol.1, No.2: 149-172.
[121]Ji W, Johnston J.B. Coastal ecosystem decision-support GIS:functions and methodology[J]. Marine Geodesy,1995,Vol.18,No.4:229-241.
[122]Goodwin H, Palerud R. Arctic coastal and marine environmental monitoring[A]. Proceedings of coastal GIS'97:Second international symposium on GIS and computer mapping for coastal zone management.1997, Vol.163, No.9:748-758.
[123]Canessa R, Keller C.P. User assessment of coastal spatial decision support systems[A]. Proceedings of coastal GIS'97:Second international symposium on GIS and computer mapping for coastal zone management. Aberdeen.
[124]Ji W, Johnston J. B.Mcniff M.E, et al. Knowledge-based GIS:an expert system approach for managing wetlands[J]. Geo Info Systems,1992, Vol.2, No.10:60-64.
[125]Joseph Giarratano, Gary Riley.专家系统原理与编程[M].印鉴,译.北京：机械工业出版社,2000.
[126]徐彤,雷英杰.一种基于知识规则推理的C++实现方法[J].空军工程大学学报：自然科学版,2002,Vol.3,No.6：75-78.
[127]Lawrence K, John L, Rean M. The oil spill sampling advisor (OSSA):Expert system[A]. International Oil Spill Conference[C], Miami, Florida,2005,1-4.
[128]Karen Russell. A knowledge-based spatial decision support system(SDSS) for coastal zone oil spill response in Anaktalak bay, Labrador[D]. USA:Department of geography memorial university of Newfoundland,2004.
[129]武云晶.船舶交通事故应急反应专家系统集成研究[J].大连海事大学学报,2007,Vol.33,No.S1：116-119.
[130]付炜.地理专家系统的知识表示与知识库组织[J].应用科学学报.1997,No.12：482-489.
[131]沈峰,陈建胜,唐新建.专家系统在岩土工程中的应用综述[J].岩土工程界.2008,Vol.11.No.4：27-29.
[132]刘峰雷,周杏鹏,李雷.基于关系数据库的土石坝病险智能诊断专家系统设计[J].水电自动化与大坝监测,2004.8,Vol.28,No.4：32-33.
[133]Lo K L, Nashid I. Expert systems and their application to power systems I. Components and methods of knowledge representation[J].Power Engineering,1993,7(1):41-45.
[134]Faisal H.Abordaif, The development of an oil spill contingency planning evaluation model[D]. a dissertation of The Geirge Washington University,1994.
[135]George F.List. Routing and Emegrency-ResPonde-Team Siting for high-level radio active waste shiPments[J].IEEE TRANSACTION ON ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT.1998, Vol.45, No.2:141-152.
[136]刘春林,何建敏,盛昭瀚.多救点应急系统最优方案的选择[J].管理工程学报.2000,Vol.14,No.1：13-15.
[137]何建敏,刘春林,尤海燕.应急系统多救点的选择问题[J].系统工程理论与实践.2001, No.11：98-93.
[138]刘春林,何建敏,施建军.一类应急物资调度的优化模型研究[J].中国管理科学.2001,Vol.9,No.3：29-36.
[139]刘春林,何建敏,施建军.供应链的协作供应问题研究[J].中国管理科学学报.2002,Vol.5,No.2：29-33.
[140]戴更新,达庆利.多资源组合应急调度问题的研究[J].系统工程理论与实践.2000,No.9：52-55.
[141]高淑萍,刘三阳.应急系统调度问题的最优决策[J].系统工程与电子技术.2003,Vol.25,No.10：1222-1224.
[142]Michael O Ball, Feng L Lin. A reliability model applied to emergency service vehicle location [J]. Operations Research,1993, Vol.41, No.1:18-23.
[143]林锉云,董加礼.多目标优化的方法和理论[M].长春：吉林教育出版社,1992,12-123.
[144]刘文奇.一般变权原理与多目标决策[J].系统工程理论与实践,2000,No.3：1-11.
[145]徐泽水,刘海峰.一种实用的多目标最优决策法[J].运筹与管理,2000,Vol.19,No.1：74-78.
[146]陈国华.水体油污染治理[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2005.
[147]湛波,黄韧,杨丰华,等.卤虫在油田生产水生物毒性监测中的应用[J].湛江海洋大学学报.2001,Vol.21,No.3：24-28.
[148]朱根海.南麂列岛国家海洋自然保护区微、小型藻类生态研究Ⅰ.种类组成与生态特点[J].东海海洋,1998,Vol.16,No.1：45～52.
[149]Ofiara D D. Natural resource damage assessments in the United States rules and procedures for compensation from spills of hazardous Sub-stances and oil in waterways under US jurisdiction[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2002,44:96-110.
[150]Richard W D, Thomas C G, William H D. The use of habitat equivalency analysis in natural resource[J]. Ecological Economics,2004,48:49-70.
[151]熊德琪,殷佩海,严世强等.海上船舶溢油事故损害赔偿微机化评估系统的研究[J].大连海事大学学报,2000,Vol.26,No.1：37-41.
[152]王瑞军.大连湾溢油损害评估及索赔系统[D].大连：大连海事大学,2001.
[153]朱鸣鹤,殷佩海等.BP神经网络在船舶油污事故损害评估中的应用[J].航海技术,2007
[154]高振会,杨建强,崔文林等.海洋溢油对环境与生态损害评估技术及应用[M].北京：海洋出版社,2005.
[155]李亚楠,张燕,马成东.我国海洋灾害经济损失评估模型研究[J].海洋环境科学.2000,Vol.19,No.3：60-63.
[156]陈刚.溢油污染对渔业资源的损害评估研究[D].大连：大连海事大学,2002.
[157]Sunda Wand RRL Guillard.The relationship between cuprition activity and the toxicity of copper to phytoplankton[J].J.Mar.Res.1976,No.34:511-529.
[158]Stebbing,A.R.D. Enviromental Capacity and the Precautionary Principle[J]. Marin Pollution Bulletin,1992,Vol.24,No.6:287-295.
[159]Ocean disposal of waste water.John Wiley&Sons Ltd Baffins Lane, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 IUD[M].England,1997.
[160]郭良波,江文胜,李凤歧等.渤海COD与石油烃环境容量计算[J].中国海洋大学学报,2007,Vol.37,No.2：310-316.
[161]陈伟琪,张珞平,洪华生等.近岸海域环境容量的价值及其价值量评估初探[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),1999,Vol.38,No.6：896-901.
[162]马玉荷,朱文转.水污染造成的环境经济损失探讨[J].南都学坛(人文社会科学学报),2002,Vol.22,No.5：87-89.
[163]于桂峰.船舶溢油对海洋生态损害评估研究[D].大连：大连海事大学,2007.
[164]Robert Costanza,Ralph d'Agre,Rudolf de Groot etc.The Value of the World's Ecosystem Services and Natural Capital[J].Nature.1997,No.387;253-260
[165]陈仲新,张新时.中国生态系统效益的价值[J].科学通报,2000,Vol.45,No.1：17-22
[166]Duarte Carlos M. Marine biodiversity and ecosystem services:An elusive link[J]. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2000, No.250:117-131.
[167]韩维栋,高秀梅,卢昌义等.中国红树林生态系统生态价值评估[J].生态科学,2000,Vol.19,No.1：40-46.
[168]徐丛春,韩增林.海洋生态系统服务价值的估算框架构筑[J].生态经济,2003,No.10：201-204.
[169]Holmlund Cecilia M, Monica Hammer. Effects of Fish Stocking on Ecosystem Services:An Overview and Case Study Using the Stockholm Archipelago[J]. Environmental Management, 2004, Vol.33, No.6:799-820.
[170]汪永华,胡玉佳.海南新村海湾生态系统服务恢复的条件价值评估[J].长江大学学报：自然科学版,2005,Vol.2,No.2：83-88.
[171]沈新强,丁跃平,袁骐.海洋溢油事故对天然渔业资源损害评估[J].中国农业科学导 报,2008,Vol.10,No.1：93-97.
[172]周玲玲.溢油对海洋生态污损的评估及指标体系研究[D].青岛：中国海洋大学,2006.
[173]吴勇飞.内河船舶溢油等级评估方法研究[J].中国水运.2009,Vol.9,No.6：12-13.
[174]杨建强,高振会,张爱君等.海洋溢油生态损害评估技术导则编制的程序及内容探讨[R].大津：国家海洋局北海监测中心,2006.
[175]任福安,殷佩海,耿晓辉.海上溢油事故等级的综合评定[J].交通环保.2000,Vol.21,No.6：16-19.
[176]杨伟华,施欣,俞成国.船舶溢油污染危害程度评估[J].水运管理,2006,Vol.28,No.5：13-16.
[177]李晓涛.辽东湾低密度冰区溢油的风险评价与风险控制研究[D].大连：大连海事大学,2006.
[178]高丹,寿建敏.船舶溢油事故等级的模糊综合评价[J].珠江水运,2007,No.2：25-28.
[179]张欣,施欣.船舶溢油事故等级评估方法比较[J].环境科学研究,2007,Vol.20,No.6：164-168.
[180]Saaty T L. The analytic hierarchy process.New York, Mcgraw Hill.1980, reprinted by RWS Publication, Pittsburgh,1996.
[181]吴信才.地理信息系统设计与实现[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2002.
[182]沈百玲.ArcGIS Engine简介[J].中国通讯,2003,Nol.10：3-5.
[183]磨高尚,元昌安,彭昱忠.基于.NET平台和ArcGIS Engine技术的地名地理信息系统设计与实现[J].广西师范学院学报(自然科学版),2008,Vol.25,No.2：73-76.
[184]张志学.NET框架开发人员参考手册：系统架构分册[Z].北京：清华大学出版社,2001.
[185]陈正江,汤国安,任晓东.地理信息系统设计与开发[M].北京：科学出版社,2005.
[186]张元教.基于GIS的空间决策支持系统理论及其应用[D].南京：河海大学,2001.
[187]Konrad King. SQL编程实用大全[M].杜大鹏,龚小平,史艳辉,等译.北京：中国水利水电出版社,2003.
[188]何建敏,刘春林.限制期条件下应急车辆调度问题的模糊优化方法[J].控制与决策,2001,Vol.16,No.3：318-321.
[189]汪欲,何建敏.应急系统中多资源出救方案的研究[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2002,Vol.32,No.3：510-513.
[2]邓卫华,张泽伟.2010年渤海油田年产量有望占中国海上石油产量一半以上http://www.86ne.com/Energy/200801/Energy_103479.html,2008-1-18.
[3]赵冬至,张存智,徐恒振.海洋溢油灾害应急响应技术研究[M].北京：海洋出版社.2006.
[4]杨文.论有效实施船舶污染应急计划的关键问题[J].交通环保,2000,Vol.21,No.4：22-24.
[5]C.Doulineris, John Collins, Eleftherios Iakovou. Development of OSMS:an oil spill information management system[J]. Spill Science & Technology Bulletin.1995, Vol.2, No.4: 255-263.
[6]C. Douligeris, E. Iakovou, J.D. Englehardt. Development of a national marine oil transportation system model[J]. Spill Science & Technology Bulletin.1997, Vol.4, No.2:113-121.
[7]Malcolm L.Spaulding, Thomas Opishinski & Sean Haynes. COASTMAP:An integrated monitoring and modeling system to support oil spill response[J]. Spill Science & Technology Bulletin.1996, Vol.3, No.3:149-169.
[8]Reed M.,Ekrol N.,Rye H.,et.al,Oil spill contingency and response(OSCAR) analysis in support of environmental impact assessment offshore Namibia, Spill Science&Technology Bulletin, 1999, Vol.5, No.1:29～38.
[9]Al-Rabeh, A.H., Lardner, R.W., Gunay, N.,. Gulfspill version 2.0:a software package for oil spills in the Arabian Gulf. Environmental Modelling & Software.1999,15(2000),425-442.
[10]Varlamov S.M.J.-H.Yoon,H. Nagaishi&K. Abe, Japan Sea oil spill analysis and quick response system with adaptation of shallow water ocean circulation model. Reports of Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University,2000, No.118:9～22.
[11]Karen Russell. A knowledge-based spatial decision support system(SDSS) for coastal zone oil spill response in anaktalak bay, Labrador[D]. Department of Geography Memorial Universal of Newfoundland,2004.
[12]G. Jorda, E. Comerma, R. Bolanos. Impact of forcing errors in the CAMCAT oil spill forecasting system-A sensitivity study[J]. Journal of Marine Systems.2006,65 (2007) 134-157.
[13]傅孙成,王文质,章凡等.南海海上溢油漂移扩散预测微机视算系统[J].热带海洋.1994,Vol.13,No.2：88～92.
[14]殷佩海,任福安.海上溢油应急反应专家系统[J].交通环保.1996,Vol.17,No.2：14-17.
[15]张波,吴冠等.中文Windows环境下的海上溢油预报系统[J].海洋环境科学.1997,Vol.16,No.1：37～41.
[16]刘彦呈,袁世春,林建国等.海上溢油应急反应地理信息系统的开发[J].大连海事大学学报.2001,Vol.27,No.2：42～45.
[17]施益强,伍量,陈玲.海上溢油事故应急反应系统的框架研究[J].油气田环境保护.2002,Vol.12,No.4：35-37.
[18]侯旭可.海事部门在船舶溢油事故处置中的作用[J].水运管理.2009,Vol.31,No.8：39-41.
[19]陈维皓.海上溢油应急决策支持系统的研究与开发[D].上海：上海海事大学.2006.
[20]周秀玲.美国海岸警卫队溢油应急的计划、训练和反应系统(SPEARS)[J].交通环保.1996,Vol17,46.
[21]乐炜.日本石油协会的重大溢油反应计划[J].交通环保.1996,No.4：41-44.
[22]王水田.象牙海岸的溢油应急计划[J].交通环保.1995,Vol.16,46-49.
[23]劳辉.关于OPRC公约的实施[J].交通环保.1999,Vol.30,No.3：24-28.
[24]张勇.制约溢油应急反应有效实施的基本因素及建议[J].航海技术.2008,No.4：72-73
[25]马里.渤海海域溢油卫星遥感监测研究[D].大连：大连海事大学.
[26]李四海.海上溢油遥感探测技术及其应用进展[J].遥感信息.2004,No.2：53-57.
[27]C.M.Hu, F.E.Muller-Karger, C.Taylor,ect. MODIS detects oil spill in Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela, EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, vol.84, No.33:313.
[28]Salem, F.Kafatos, M., EI-Ghazawi, ect. Map oil spill Thinkness on Sea Wate[A]. The International Colloquium Series on land use/Cover change Science and Applications. Antalya, Turkey.13-16.
[29]Y.W.Tseng, L.S.Chiu. AVHRR observations of Persian Gulf oil spills[A], Int. Geoscience and Remote Sensing SymP. (IGARSS), Pasadena, USA,1994,vol.2,779-782
[30]Fantasia,J.F,T.M.Hard,H.C.Ingrao. An investigation of oil fluorescence as a technique for remote sensing of oil spills. Transportation systems center,Cambridge,Msaa.
[31]Measures,R.M,M.Bristow.The development of a laser fluorosensor for remote environmental probing[A]. Conference on sensing of environment pollutants, Palo Alto,1971,424-422.
[32]Marc Lennon,Sergey Babichenko, NicolasThomas. Detection and mapping of oil slicks in the sea by combined use of hyperspectral imagery and laser induced fluorescence. EARSEL[R]. Proceeding 5, issue.2006.
[33]Lennon M,S.Babichenko,N.Thomas.oil slick detection and characterization by satellite and airborne sensors:experimental results with SAR,Hyperspectral and lidar data[J].IEEE IGARSSS.2005,Seoul,Korea,25-29.
[34]Skou.N,Sorensen B.M,Poulson A. A new airborne dual frequency microwave radiometer for mapping and quantifying mineral oil on the sea surface[A].Proceedings of the second thematic conference on remote sensing for marine and coastal environments,ERIM Conferences,Ann Arbor,Michigan, Ⅱ-559-565.
[35]Mussetto M.S,Yujiri L,Dixon D.P.Passive millimeter wave radiometric sensing of oil spills [A].Preceedings of the second thematic conference on remote sensing for marine and coastal environments:Needs, solutions and applications,ERIM Conferences, Ann ARBOR,mICHIGAN,I-35-46.
[36]Espdal HA, Wahl T. Satellite SAR oil spill detection using wind history information [J]. Interrnational journal of Remote Sensing,1999, Vol.20, No.1:49-65.
[37]Bern T I,Wahl T,Anderssen T,Olsen R.Oil spill detection using satellite based SAR:experience from a field experient [J].Petroleum Abstacts,1993,33:423-428.
[38]安居白,张永宁.发达国家海上溢油遥感监测现状分析[J].交通环保.2002,Vol.23,No.3：27-29.
[39]Brown C E, Fingas M F. Oil spill remote sensors [A]. Encyclopedia of Environmental Analysis and Remediation [C]. NewYork:Robert A Meyers,1998.3200-3207.
[40]Brown C E, Fingas M F. Oil spill remote sensing in marine and coastal environments using laser-based sensors [A]. Proceedings of the Twentieth Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing[C].Ottawa, Ontario:Canadian Aeronautics and Space Institute,1998.15-18.
[41]李栖筠,陈维英,肖乾广等.老铁山水道溢油事故卫星监测[J].环境遥感,1994,Vol.9,No.4：256-262.
[42]汪渝,熊德琪.基于GPRS/GPS/GIS的船舶溢油远程监测系统的研究[J].交通环保,2003.
[43]于五一,李进,邵芸等.海上油气勘探开发中的溢油遥感监测技术—以渤海湾海域为例[J].石油勘探与开发.2007,Vol.34,No.3：378-383.
[44]李颖,马龙,付玉慧等.海上溢油卫星影像处理和分析[C].2007环境遥感学术年会大连.2007：250-255.
[45]韩龙,赵谱.如何加强卫星遥感监视海面溢油工作[J].中国水运,2007.
[46]杨悦文,商红梅.用表层漂流浮标对海上溢油实时跟踪和监测的方法[J].海洋技术,2007.
[47]谢文宁,刘晋川,张同戌等.基于北斗卫星定位技术的海上溢油跟踪监测系统研究[J].水运科学研究.2008,No.3：14-19.
[48]Wang Zhendi,Fingas Merv.Developments in the analysis of petroleum hydrocarbons in oils petroleum products and oil-spill-related environmental samples by gas chromatography[J]. Chromatography A,1997,774:51-78.
[49]Wang Zhengdi,Fingas Merv,Lanadriault Michel,et al.Identification of alkylbenzenes and direct determination of BETX and (BETX+ C3-Benzenes) in oils by GC/MS[J].Analytical Chemistry,1995,67:3491-3500.
[50]Wang Zhengdi,Fingas Merv,Lanadriault Michel,et al.Source identification of an unknown spilled oil from Quebec by unique biomarkers and diagnostic ratios of" sourcespecific marker" compounds[J]. Environmental Technology,1998, No.20:851-862.
[51]Barry K Lavine. Source identification of underground fuel spills by pattern recognition analysis of high-speed gas chromatograms[J]. Analytical Chemistry,1995,67:3846-3852.
[52]甘居利,贾晓平.溢油“指纹”的判别方法[J].海洋科学,1998,Vol.29,No.3：70-72.
[53]孙培艳,包木太,高振会,等.渤海海上原油气相色谱指纹鉴别[J].中国海洋大学学报,2004,34(增)：23-26.
[54]Wang Zhendi,Fingas M,Lambert P,et al.Characterization and identification of the Detroit River mystery oil spill[J]. Chromstography,2004,1038:201-214.
[55]孙培艳,包木太,王鑫平等.国内外溢油鉴别及油指纹库建设现状及应用[J].西安石油大学学报.2006,Vol.21,No.5：72-78.
[56]James M. Price, Walter R. Johnson, Zhen-Gang Ji, Charles F. Marshall, Gail B.Rainey. Sensitivity testing for improved efficiency of a statistical oil-spill risk analysis model[J]. Environmental Modeling&Software.2004,No.19:671-679.
[57]Graham Copelanda, Wee Thiam-Yew. Current data assimilation modeling for oil spill contingency planning [J]. Environmental Modeling&Software,2006, Vol.21, No.2:142-155.
[58]Reed, M., Aamo, O.M., Daling, P.S. Quantitative analysis of alternate oil spill response strategies using OSCAR[J]. Spill Sci.Technol.1995, Vol.2, No.1:67-74.
[59]Reed, M., Aamo, O.M., Daling, P.S.,1995a. Quantitative analysis of alternate oil spill response strategies using OSCAR. Spill Sci.Technol.2(1),67-74.
[60]Aamo, O.M., Reed, M., Downing, K.,1996. Calibration, veri(?)cation, and sensitivity analysis of the SINTEF oil spill contingency and response (OSCAR) model system (in Norwegian)[R]. Report No.42.4048.00/01/96, p.87.
[61]Trevor Gilbert. The Australian Oil Spill Response Atlas and Introduction of a New Oil Spill Trajectory Model [EB/OL]. http://www.amsa.gov.au/marine_environment-protection/ National_plan
[62]Keramitsoglou I, Cartalis C, Kassomenos P. Decision support system for managing oil spill events[J]. Environ Manage.2003, Vol.32, No.2:290-8.
[63]Spaulding M, Kolluru V, Anderson E,et al. Application of a 3-dimensional oil spill model to hindcast the Braer spill[J]. Spill Science and Technology Bulletin.1994, Vol.1, No.1:23-35.
[64]Szostak, Rick. Intelligent supporting system for prevention and emergency response of pollution accident in marine transportation[A]. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Processing Systems, ICIPS,1998, No.2:1673-1677.
[65]Dobbins James P, Abkowitz Mark D. Development of an inland marine transportation risk management information system[J]. Transportation Research Record.2002,31-39.
[66]娄安刚,奚盘根,黄祖珂等.海面溢油轨迹的分析与预报[J].青岛海洋大学学报(自然科学版).1994,Vol.24,No.4：477-484.
[67]娄安刚,王学昌,于宜法等.蒙特卡罗方法在海洋溢油扩展预测中的应用研究[J].海洋科学.2000,Vol.24,No.5：7-10.
[68]熊德琪,林奎,肖明等.珠江口区域海上溢漏污染物动态预测系统的开发与应用[J].交通环保.2003,Vol.24,No.6：2-5.
[69]严世强,王辉,熊德琪等.基于GIS的溢油应急信息系统潮流快速预报及其应用研究[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版).2005,Vol.24,No.1：1-8.
[70]廖国祥,熊德琪,翟伟康等.基于WebGIS的海上溢油应急信息系统的构建[J].计算机工程.2007,Vol.33,No.12：272-274.
[71]冯浩然,胡建斌.基于无线传感器网络的水面溢油监测系统[J].《微计算机信息》(测控自动化).2009,Vol.25,No.2-1：1-3.
[72]张静.基于GIS的海面溢油控制与清除智能决策支持系统研究[D].大连：大连海事大学.2003.
[73]赵文朋.船舶溢油应急决策系统的研究与开发[D].上海：上海海事大学.2007,
[74]庄学强,陈坚,孙倩.基于“3S”技术的海上溢油信息系统设计与初步实现[J].集美大学学 报(自然科学版).2008,Vol.13,No.3：237-240.
[75]何浩冬.基于ECDIS的舟山港溢油信息系统研制[J].武汉船舶职业技术学院学报.2009,No.2：15-18.
[76]乔冰,赵前,赵平等.深圳溢油应急智能信息系统(OSERIIS 2000)研制[C].中国舰海学会,2001年度学术交流会论文集,101-105.
[77]刘彦呈,袁世春,林建国等.海上溢油应急反应地理信息系统的开发[J].大连海事大学学报.2001,Vol.27,No.2：42～45.
[78]熊德琪.大连海域溢油应急预报信息系统及其应用[J].交通环保.2002,Vol.23,No.3：5-7.
[79]俞济清,魏敏,黄立文.中国舟山港溢油模拟信息系统研制[J].武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版).2002,Vol.26,No.4：463-465.
[80]齐忠怀,基于预测和决策功能的海上船舶溢油应急信息系统[J].办公自动化杂志.2003,No.8：40-43.
[81]郑雯君.国外海洋溢油处理体系简介[J].海洋环境科学.1988,Vol.7,No.1：54-57.
[82]栗茂峰.瑞典的海岸与海洋环境管理[J].交通环保,2003,No.6：35-38.
[83]Godwin E.O,et al.First African oil spill coorperative:clean Nigeria associate[A].oil spill conference,1987,151-156.
[84]I.C. Agrawa, R. D. Gupta, Er. V. K. Gupta. GIS as modeling and decision support tool for air quality management: a conceptual framework [EB/OL]. http://www. GIS development.net, 2003.
[85]Paul H. Martin, Eugene J. LeBoeuf, Edsel B. Daniel. Development of a GIS-based spill management information system[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials B112 (2004) 239-252.
[86]F.L. Pincinato, P.S. Riedel, J.C.C. Milanelli Modelling an expert GIS system based on knowledge to evaluate oil spill environmental sensitivity[J]. Ocean & Coastal Management. 52(2009) 479-486.
[87]黄典剑.应急预案与预警系统[J].中国职业安全卫生管理系认证.2003,Vol.23,No.1：58.
[88]金磊.对《城市综合减灾应急处理预案》编研的建议[J].国环保产业.2004,Vol.10,NO.6：25.
[89]雷文章,陈延兵.陆地石油企业HSE应急预案建立研究[J].中国职业安全卫生管理体系认证.2004,Vol.24,No.4：26-29.
[90]熊苹,丁明柱,刘子强.利用GIS技术和RS技术减灾防[J].测绘与空间地理信息.2005,Vol.28,No.6：7-9.
[91]毛政利,朱宝训.城市应急预案决策支持系统框架研究[J].测绘与空间地理信息.2007：Vol.30,No.2：8-11.
[92]李杰,江建华.基于GIS的城市地震次生火灾危险性分析系[J].地震学报.2001,Vol.23,No.7：420-426.
[93]李一.生产经营单位生产性安全应急预案的系统设计简(待续)[J].职业卫生与应急救援.2004,Vol.22,No.2：57-58.
[94]冯凯,徐志胜,冯春莹等.小城镇基础设施防灾减灾决策持系统的研究与开发[J].中国安全科学学报.2004,Vol.14,No.2：74-77.
[95]陈述彭,鲁学军,周成虎.地理信息系统导论[M].北京科技出版社,1999.
[96]唐少佳,王炜,刘茂ALOHA在危险品公路运输应急决策支持系统中的应用[J].安全与环境学报.2007,Vol.4,No.7：122-125.
[97]董沛武,庄思勇,何成辉等.资源卫星投资决策支持系统的开发与设计[J].系统工程理论与实践.1997,No.5：36-41.
[98]王恒山,张琪.决策支持系统与地理信息系统的集成化研究[J].计算机应用工程.2000,No.5：176-178.
[99]Fedra, K. Feoli,e., GIS technology and spatial analysis in coastal management. EEZ Technology(2nd edition), London:ICG Publishing Ltd.
[100]Sorensen M. ARC/INFO marine spill GIS [J]. Spill Science and Technology Bulletin.1995, Vol.2, No.1:81-85.
[101]刘彦呈,林建国,殷佩海等.海上溢油基于GIS流场计算贴体坐标网格自动生成方法与技术研究[J].海洋环境科学.2003,Vol.22,No.3：63-67.
[102]刘彦呈,任光,殷佩海.海上溢油应急反应基于GIS的模拟训练系统研究[J].系统仿真学报.2004,Vol.16,No.11：2445-2447.
[103]金永福.基于GIS/GPS开发了海上溢油监测预测信息系统的开发研究[D].大连大连海事大学.2004.
[104]叶龙.基于GIS的海上船舶溢油应急资源调运系统的开发研究[D].上海：上海海事大学.2006.
[105]孙鉴坤.基于GIS的综合应急指挥决策系统的建设[J].中国公共安全.2007,155-157.
[106]高杰.给水工程综合防灾规划空间决策支持系统研究[D].青岛：中国海洋大学.2008.
[107]Galagan C, Hewlett E, Brown A.J. PC-based visualization of geographically referenced environmental data[A]. Proceedings of the 15th Arctic and Marine Oil Spill Program, Technical Seminar.1992,23-29.
[108]Ranger R.P, Harris R.S, Jopkins J.S et al.Computer enhancement of spill response decision support[A]. Proceedings of the 18th Arctic and Marine Oil Spill Program, Technical Seminar. 1995,297-312.
[109]Efrain Turban. Decision support and expert systems [M]. Macmillan Publishing Company. 1990,105-155.
[110]Keen P.G.W, Scott Morton M.S. Decision support systems:An organizational perspective. Reading, MA:Addision-Wesley,1978.50～100.
[111]袁曙涛.DSS的研究与发展概述[J].计算机应用,1990.
[112]陈文伟.决策支持系统及其开发[M].清华大学出版社,广西科学技术出版社,2004(8).
[113]曹晓静,张航.决策支持系统的发展及其关键技术分析[J].计算机技术与发展.2006,Vol.16,No.11：94-96.
[114]高洪森.决策支持系统(DSS)理论方法案例[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2005.
[115]兰壮丽,赵勇.基于神经网络的智能DSS研究[J].西安科技学院学报.2004,Vol.24,No.2：207-210.
[116]Owen D, Volpato E. Focusing high technology on the executive decision making process[J]. The Australian Director.1985,No.15:57.
[117]雷兵,刘纪平,谭海,等.空间辅助决策支持系统的应用模型及管理研究[J].测绘科学,2005,No.1：55-56,75.
[118]陆西宁,王红芳.基于GIS的空间决策支持系统的研究[J].微电子学与计算机.2009,Vol.26,No.4：138-140.
[119]常晋义,张渊智,空间决策支持系统及其应用[J].遥感技术与应用.1996,Vol.11,No.1：33-39.
[120]Smith T, Peuquet D, Menon S, et al. KBGIS-Ⅱ:A knowledge-based geographical information system[J]. International journal of geographical information system.1987, Vol.1, No.2: 149-172.
[121]Ji W, Johnston J.B. Coastal ecosystem decision-support GIS:functions and methodology[J]. Marine Geodesy,1995,Vol.18,No.4:229-241.
[122]Goodwin H, Palerud R. Arctic coastal and marine environmental monitoring[A]. Proceedings of coastal GIS'97:Second international symposium on GIS and computer mapping for coastal zone management.1997, Vol.163, No.9:748-758.
[123]Canessa R, Keller C.P. User assessment of coastal spatial decision support systems[A]. Proceedings of coastal GIS'97:Second international symposium on GIS and computer mapping for coastal zone management. Aberdeen.
[124]Ji W, Johnston J. B.Mcniff M.E, et al. Knowledge-based GIS:an expert system approach for managing wetlands[J]. Geo Info Systems,1992, Vol.2, No.10:60-64.
[125]Joseph Giarratano, Gary Riley.专家系统原理与编程[M].印鉴,译.北京：机械工业出版社,2000.
[126]徐彤,雷英杰.一种基于知识规则推理的C++实现方法[J].空军工程大学学报：自然科学版,2002,Vol.3,No.6：75-78.
[127]Lawrence K, John L, Rean M. The oil spill sampling advisor (OSSA):Expert system[A]. International Oil Spill Conference[C], Miami, Florida,2005,1-4.
[128]Karen Russell. A knowledge-based spatial decision support system(SDSS) for coastal zone oil spill response in Anaktalak bay, Labrador[D]. USA:Department of geography memorial university of Newfoundland,2004.
[129]武云晶.船舶交通事故应急反应专家系统集成研究[J].大连海事大学学报,2007,Vol.33,No.S1：116-119.
[130]付炜.地理专家系统的知识表示与知识库组织[J].应用科学学报.1997,No.12：482-489.
[131]沈峰,陈建胜,唐新建.专家系统在岩土工程中的应用综述[J].岩土工程界.2008,Vol.11.No.4：27-29.
[132]刘峰雷,周杏鹏,李雷.基于关系数据库的土石坝病险智能诊断专家系统设计[J].水电自动化与大坝监测,2004.8,Vol.28,No.4：32-33.
[133]Lo K L, Nashid I. Expert systems and their application to power systems I. Components and methods of knowledge representation[J].Power Engineering,1993,7(1):41-45.
[134]Faisal H.Abordaif, The development of an oil spill contingency planning evaluation model[D]. a dissertation of The Geirge Washington University,1994.
[135]George F.List. Routing and Emegrency-ResPonde-Team Siting for high-level radio active waste shiPments[J].IEEE TRANSACTION ON ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT.1998, Vol.45, No.2:141-152.
[136]刘春林,何建敏,盛昭瀚.多救点应急系统最优方案的选择[J].管理工程学报.2000,Vol.14,No.1：13-15.
[137]何建敏,刘春林,尤海燕.应急系统多救点的选择问题[J].系统工程理论与实践.2001, No.11：98-93.
[138]刘春林,何建敏,施建军.一类应急物资调度的优化模型研究[J].中国管理科学.2001,Vol.9,No.3：29-36.
[139]刘春林,何建敏,施建军.供应链的协作供应问题研究[J].中国管理科学学报.2002,Vol.5,No.2：29-33.
[140]戴更新,达庆利.多资源组合应急调度问题的研究[J].系统工程理论与实践.2000,No.9：52-55.
[141]高淑萍,刘三阳.应急系统调度问题的最优决策[J].系统工程与电子技术.2003,Vol.25,No.10：1222-1224.
[142]Michael O Ball, Feng L Lin. A reliability model applied to emergency service vehicle location [J]. Operations Research,1993, Vol.41, No.1:18-23.
[143]林锉云,董加礼.多目标优化的方法和理论[M].长春：吉林教育出版社,1992,12-123.
[144]刘文奇.一般变权原理与多目标决策[J].系统工程理论与实践,2000,No.3：1-11.
[145]徐泽水,刘海峰.一种实用的多目标最优决策法[J].运筹与管理,2000,Vol.19,No.1：74-78.
[146]陈国华.水体油污染治理[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2005.
[147]湛波,黄韧,杨丰华,等.卤虫在油田生产水生物毒性监测中的应用[J].湛江海洋大学学报.2001,Vol.21,No.3：24-28.
[148]朱根海.南麂列岛国家海洋自然保护区微、小型藻类生态研究Ⅰ.种类组成与生态特点[J].东海海洋,1998,Vol.16,No.1：45～52.
[149]Ofiara D D. Natural resource damage assessments in the United States rules and procedures for compensation from spills of hazardous Sub-stances and oil in waterways under US jurisdiction[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2002,44:96-110.
[150]Richard W D, Thomas C G, William H D. The use of habitat equivalency analysis in natural resource[J]. Ecological Economics,2004,48:49-70.
[151]熊德琪,殷佩海,严世强等.海上船舶溢油事故损害赔偿微机化评估系统的研究[J].大连海事大学学报,2000,Vol.26,No.1：37-41.
[152]王瑞军.大连湾溢油损害评估及索赔系统[D].大连：大连海事大学,2001.
[153]朱鸣鹤,殷佩海等.BP神经网络在船舶油污事故损害评估中的应用[J].航海技术,2007
[154]高振会,杨建强,崔文林等.海洋溢油对环境与生态损害评估技术及应用[M].北京：海洋出版社,2005.
[155]李亚楠,张燕,马成东.我国海洋灾害经济损失评估模型研究[J].海洋环境科学.2000,Vol.19,No.3：60-63.
[156]陈刚.溢油污染对渔业资源的损害评估研究[D].大连：大连海事大学,2002.
[157]Sunda Wand RRL Guillard.The relationship between cuprition activity and the toxicity of copper to phytoplankton[J].J.Mar.Res.1976,No.34:511-529.
[158]Stebbing,A.R.D. Enviromental Capacity and the Precautionary Principle[J]. Marin Pollution Bulletin,1992,Vol.24,No.6:287-295.
[159]Ocean disposal of waste water.John Wiley&Sons Ltd Baffins Lane, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 IUD[M].England,1997.
[160]郭良波,江文胜,李凤歧等.渤海COD与石油烃环境容量计算[J].中国海洋大学学报,2007,Vol.37,No.2：310-316.
[161]陈伟琪,张珞平,洪华生等.近岸海域环境容量的价值及其价值量评估初探[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),1999,Vol.38,No.6：896-901.
[162]马玉荷,朱文转.水污染造成的环境经济损失探讨[J].南都学坛(人文社会科学学报),2002,Vol.22,No.5：87-89.
[163]于桂峰.船舶溢油对海洋生态损害评估研究[D].大连：大连海事大学,2007.
[164]Robert Costanza,Ralph d'Agre,Rudolf de Groot etc.The Value of the World's Ecosystem Services and Natural Capital[J].Nature.1997,No.387;253-260
[165]陈仲新,张新时.中国生态系统效益的价值[J].科学通报,2000,Vol.45,No.1：17-22
[166]Duarte Carlos M. Marine biodiversity and ecosystem services:An elusive link[J]. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2000, No.250:117-131.
[167]韩维栋,高秀梅,卢昌义等.中国红树林生态系统生态价值评估[J].生态科学,2000,Vol.19,No.1：40-46.
[168]徐丛春,韩增林.海洋生态系统服务价值的估算框架构筑[J].生态经济,2003,No.10：201-204.
[169]Holmlund Cecilia M, Monica Hammer. Effects of Fish Stocking on Ecosystem Services:An Overview and Case Study Using the Stockholm Archipelago[J]. Environmental Management, 2004, Vol.33, No.6:799-820.
[170]汪永华,胡玉佳.海南新村海湾生态系统服务恢复的条件价值评估[J].长江大学学报：自然科学版,2005,Vol.2,No.2：83-88.
[171]沈新强,丁跃平,袁骐.海洋溢油事故对天然渔业资源损害评估[J].中国农业科学导 报,2008,Vol.10,No.1：93-97.
[172]周玲玲.溢油对海洋生态污损的评估及指标体系研究[D].青岛：中国海洋大学,2006.
[173]吴勇飞.内河船舶溢油等级评估方法研究[J].中国水运.2009,Vol.9,No.6：12-13.
[174]杨建强,高振会,张爱君等.海洋溢油生态损害评估技术导则编制的程序及内容探讨[R].大津：国家海洋局北海监测中心,2006.
[175]任福安,殷佩海,耿晓辉.海上溢油事故等级的综合评定[J].交通环保.2000,Vol.21,No.6：16-19.
[176]杨伟华,施欣,俞成国.船舶溢油污染危害程度评估[J].水运管理,2006,Vol.28,No.5：13-16.
[177]李晓涛.辽东湾低密度冰区溢油的风险评价与风险控制研究[D].大连：大连海事大学,2006.
[178]高丹,寿建敏.船舶溢油事故等级的模糊综合评价[J].珠江水运,2007,No.2：25-28.
[179]张欣,施欣.船舶溢油事故等级评估方法比较[J].环境科学研究,2007,Vol.20,No.6：164-168.
[180]Saaty T L. The analytic hierarchy process.New York, Mcgraw Hill.1980, reprinted by RWS Publication, Pittsburgh,1996.
[181]吴信才.地理信息系统设计与实现[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2002.
[182]沈百玲.ArcGIS Engine简介[J].中国通讯,2003,Nol.10：3-5.
[183]磨高尚,元昌安,彭昱忠.基于.NET平台和ArcGIS Engine技术的地名地理信息系统设计与实现[J].广西师范学院学报(自然科学版),2008,Vol.25,No.2：73-76.
[184]张志学.NET框架开发人员参考手册：系统架构分册[Z].北京：清华大学出版社,2001.
[185]陈正江,汤国安,任晓东.地理信息系统设计与开发[M].北京：科学出版社,2005.
[186]张元教.基于GIS的空间决策支持系统理论及其应用[D].南京：河海大学,2001.
[187]Konrad King. SQL编程实用大全[M].杜大鹏,龚小平,史艳辉,等译.北京：中国水利水电出版社,2003.
[188]何建敏,刘春林.限制期条件下应急车辆调度问题的模糊优化方法[J].控制与决策,2001,Vol.16,No.3：318-321.
[189]汪欲,何建敏.应急系统中多资源出救方案的研究[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2002,Vol.32,No.3：510-513.