用户名: 密码: 验证码:
乡村生态体验旅游开发研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
随着时代的发展,我国国民拥有闲暇时间占全年的三分之一,对旅游发展产生了强烈的市场需求。占据客源市场半壁江山的乡村旅游,面临着如何与乡村生态环境、社会环境及多功能农业发展相结合,实现转型升级的迫切要求。依托于多功能农业的生态体验旅游可实现生态旅游、乡村旅游及体验旅游的整合,是乡村综合旅游发展的重要方向。
     本文选择丹东地区景观差异显著、文化特色鲜明的旅游专业村镇(原生态青山沟镇、边境村落河口村、新农村建设典范大梨树村及黄海北部大鹿岛村)为案例,通过实地观察、深入访谈、问卷调查等方式收集景观变化、多功能农业发展及乡村旅游发展等数据;以景观生态学、生态经济学、体验经济学及社会学理论等为基础,采用结构方程模型(SEM)、社会网络分析法(SNA)及网络层次分析法(ANP)等方法相结合的方式,分析并验证了依托于多功能农业行动者–网络可持续发展的乡村生态体验旅游理论。
     论文由三部分共七章构成一个研究体系:第一部分主要由第一章绪论组成。阐述了研究的背景及意义、回顾与评价目前国内外乡村旅游发展的研究进展。搭建了论文研究的基本思路与框架,提出了本文研究理论基础、解决的问题和论文结构。论文第二部分由第二章至第五章组成,是本文的主要研究内容。分别从生态体验场生态体验景观与多功能农业行动者–网络(ANT)建立的结构关系入手,分析了它们在案例地点的多功能农业行动者–网络(ANT)地位、过程及作用,对乡村生态体验旅游网络构建的多功能农业基础进行了评价,并对生态体验旅游开发战略进行了选择。首先,运用结构方程模型验证了生态体验场与多功能农业行动者–网络(ANT)的结构关系,确认了生态体验场在多功能农业农业行动者–网络(ANT)中的地位及作用;其次,运用社会网络分析法(SNA)中的密度及中心性等指标分析了生态体验景观(Eco-Experiencescape)构建过程的阶段性特征;再次,运用网络层次分析法(ANP)与SWOT分析法相结合的方式评价了生态体验旅游开发的多功能农业基础;接下来运用网络层次分析法(ANP)与LCTV理论框架相结合的方式,对生态体验旅游的开发战略进行了选择。论文第三部分主要由第六章及第七章结论组成。首先,分析了生态体验旅游产品的内涵与结构,提出了生态体验旅游产品开发的评价标准;其次,运用生态体验营销组合的方式,筛选出相应的乡村生态体验媒介,提出了案例研究地点的生态体验营销组合策略。
     研究结果表明:乡村生态体验旅游(Ecological Experience Tourism, E2T)是以多功能农业塑造产生的多功能景观生态格局为基本剧情及场景,在生态环境、社会风情及产业活动环境中进行的具有较强参与性并能带来难以忘怀的乡村综合旅游。作为乡村生态体验经济的重要组成部分,它推动了多功能农业的综合发展,提高了乡村的人均收入,促进了乡村旅游与其他要素的整合。生态体验场(Ecological Experience Field, E2F)与生态体验景观(Eco-Experiencescape)作为生态体验旅游活动的景观载体,都强调了旅游者与乡村生态环境、乡村生活环境、乡村产业环境及乡村社会环境的互动,能带来教育体验、审美体验、娱乐体验及逃遁体验等基本体验;它们强化并突出了多功能农业(MultifunctionalAgriculture,MFA)行动者–网络在乡村可持续发展的地位。
     生态体验场(E2F)是生态体验旅游开展的基本空间单元,既具有景观的空间属性,也具有多功能农业行动者–网络的关系属性;生态体验景观既是以多功能农业行动者–网络为动力塑造的多功能景观,也是生态体验旅游活动开展的关系型载体,具有多功能行动者要素的整合作用;生态体验场生态体验场之间的关系类似于景观生态学中的斑块–基质之间的关系。它们之间的联系及发展水平取决于生态环境、社会风情、产业活动及休闲服务等要素相互作用的程度。
     多功能农业行动者–网络塑造了乡村多功能景观,通过协调其经济功能、社会功能、环境功能及旅游功能之间的关系,为乡村生态体验旅游提供空间保障,为乡村可持续发展奠定了行动的过程基础。该网络的结构方程模型(SEM)验证结果表明:经济功能强于社会功能、环境功能及旅游功能,是推动乡村旅游发展的重要力量;环境功能作为网络的生态基础对其他功能具有一定的反馈作用,是乡村旅游发展的重要环境维持力量。
     网络层次分析法(ANP)与SWOT相结合的验证结果表明:经济功能最强,社会功能其次,环境功能与休闲功能最弱的多功能农业行动者-网络,采用优势与机遇相结合的发展战略(SO),最适合于乡村生态体验旅游为主导的多功能农业发展。
     LCTV框架与ANP相结合的验证结果表明:由景观管理(Landscape Management)、社会接受(Community Acceptance)、旅游活动(Tourism ctivity)及游客满意(Visitors’Satisfaction)等构成的LCTV框架,是制定乡村生态体验旅游发展战略的基础。由景观开发(L)与旅游开发(T)共构的发展战略(LT)是乡村生态体验旅游开发应选择的最佳战略。
     产品内涵与结构是生态体验产品标准制定的重要基础,标准是评价产品开发的重要依据。由四种基本类型与五个基本层次构成了乡村生态体验旅游产品评价的20个标准。按这些标准开发出来的生态体验旅游产品,有助于实现感官体验→情感体验→理性体验的升华,提升了乡村生态体验旅游的开发水平;实施生态体验营销组合策略,塑造并传播具有区域特色生态体验景观的形象,拓展生态体验旅游产品开发的影响力,形成具有地域特色的生态体验旅游客源市场。
     多功能农业行动者–网络理论是本文的研究基础,以此为基础提出的生态体验场生态体验景观理论是本文的创新点。生态体验旅游作为乡村发展的整合力量,进一步推动了乡村多功能农业的可持续发展。
Since the middle of the20th century, the increase in leisure time has been very popular inthe world. It is a strong market demand for tourism development that leisure time to occupy athird year time of citizens in China. Rural tourism is faced with how to combine the rurallandscape, rural society and industrialization of agriculture in the transformation andupgrading of multifunctional agriculture. The need for new types of rural tourism productshas been enhanced accordingly. Rural ecological experience tourism (E2T) is a new type ofrural tourism products, which could improve quality of tourism experience in rural tourismactivity. E2T is an experience economy for rural ecological economy in sustainabledevelopment, which contributes the development of multifunctional agriculture (MFA) in therural area. MFA is spatial carrier for ecological experience field (E2F), which constitutes ofecological experience landscape (ie. Eco-experiencescape) is in the rural scale.
     This dissertation is mainly divided into three parts. The first part is the base portionwhich inducts out the topic and framework of the dissertation, literature review and appraisesthe development of rural tourism research in the world and brings forward the theoreticbedrock. The second part is the primary content which discusses respectively the theory ofecological experience field (E2F), ecological experience landscape (ie. Eco-experiencescape)and E2T. They are multifunctional landscape constructed in the actor-network ofmultifunctional agriculture, which forms a new type of space for E2T in the rural area. Thenew type space is a geographical and a flow landscape for activity of experiential tourism inthe rural area, which is on the theories of landscape ecology, ecological economy, experienceeconomy and actor-network theory; the next step is to select strategy for E2T of the MFAactor-network, which forms a driving force to multifunctional landscape in the rural area. Thethird part is to develop products of E2T, which are on the structures of the E2T and standards.Ecological experiential marketing (E2M) is an integrated marketing, which contributes toecological image communication for rural area.
     E2F actor-network paradigm corresponds to the needs of the wider society andreconfigures rural resources in ways that lead to widening the potential of the ruralrecreational multifunctionality. Therefore, E2F actor-network paradigm focuses onperspectives of the stakeholders’(including tourists and local villagers) recreationalexperience to the multifunctionality, which combines the supply and demand aspects of theMFA. Actor-network theory (ANT) offers an approach focusing on the heterogeneousnetwork of interactions between human and non-human actors, such as land use, rivers, folkcustom, animals and plants. E2F actor-network paradigm also interprets the human-naturestructural relationship among all kinds of multifunctionality. Interpretations of thehuman-nature relationship usually have been opposed.
     E2F actor-network is a creative space based on the land use of the MFA, whicheffectively combines supply and demand aspects of the MFA. The difference of the MFA is abasis that can be used to design the creative space, which could improve the potential of the recreational experience. E2F actor-network should be used within the MFA planning processto ensure that creative space management is spatially targeted to achieve optimum gains forsocial, environmental and economic development.
     MFA has become the core of sustainable agriculture, owing to its integration of multiplefunctions of agricultural systems, which should reach a state of equilibrium for economicallyviable, environmentally safe and socially equitable development in rural areas, if managedwell. Studies of the MFA have mostly focused on the economic value of multiple functions,but research remains fragmented and has limitations in understanding the structuralrelationships of multifunctional agriculture. It is difficult to carry out adaptive comprehensiveevaluation and land-use planning for the MFA in the rural areas. To solve this problem, wepropose an actor-network as an analytical framework, to identify the structural relationships.Results show that farmers’ average annual income increased by20%in multifunctionalagriculture networks, and that the actor network reached a state of equilibrium between themultiple functions of sustainable agriculture. Based on in-depth interviews and participatoryobservations, we incorporate data from366tourists (constituting87.5%of those surveyed)and52local residents in Dalishu Village of Liaoning Province, China, to build a structuralequation model to evaluate the structural relationships of a multifunctional agriculture actornetwork.
     A number of measures contribute to development of the MFA networking, by adjustingthe relationship of ecological functions to tourism and societal, industrial, and benefitfunctions. Compared with conventional agriculture, these measures combine multiple goals ofsustainable agriculture, and pursue these with current or potential performance ofmultifunctional agriculture as a basis for developing strategies of sustainable agriculture.Networking methods improved the capacity of the MFA through strengthening the ecologicalactor effect on the tourism actor, and societal actor effect on the industrial actor, by adjustingthe synergistic effect of the land-use system.
     In order to evaluate multifunctionality by focusing on functions that MFA should provide.Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis with an AnalyticNetwork Process (ANP) method were used in this study. The integrated SWOT-ANPapproach is preferred because it enables the quantification of the intensities of strengths,weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, thus providing a more realistic and effectiveevaluation than standalone SWOT or ANP. Results indicate that the economic function wasstronger than the residential, environmental, and leisure functions in Dalishu village, LiaoningProvince, China. This analysis contributes to the discussion on the consequences ofagricultural environmental policies for the conservation of the MFA in rural areas.
     As a type of integrated rural tourism (IRT), E2T network includes multiple nodesconnected to the ecological industry chain that interacts with pre-existing MFA structures.Local productive capabilities must be strengthened for the LCTV network to benefit the entirerural ecological economy and thus contribute to the creation of a destination brand image forE2T marketing. As a multi-sectoral activity, E2T includes participation in agricultural production, visits to landscapes and natural environments, regional gastronomy, and overnightstay in rural spaces. The integrated LCTV–ANP approach is a preferred strategy because itquantifies the intensities of the factors in the LCTV framework, thus providing a morerealistic and effective evaluation than the stand-alone LCTV or ANP. The LCTV–ANPstrategy helps exhaust the potential of IRT and contributes to rural MFA. Decision-makersmust recognise the importance of all factors involved in the LCTV network, and focus mustbe directed to the multifunctionality of the rural landscape.
     Strategies of E2M are important for adding value to products of E2T in the rural area. Tosucceed and grow, it is necessary to evaluate products of ecological experience according tostandards. E2M strategies offerings that create experiential value and provide experiential gridas a tool to help small rural business operators assess and enhance their ecologicalexperiential offerings that generate meaningful value for consumers. Four examplesincorporating E2M strategies will be highlighted in this dissertation: Dalishu village,Qingshangou gully, Dalu Island and Hekou village in Dandong.
引文
[1]周心琴,城市化过程中乡村景观变迁研究[D].2006,南京师范大学.
    [2]郭焕成,韩非.中国乡村旅游发展综述[J].地理科学进展,2010,29(12):1597-1605.
    [3]何景明.国外乡村旅游研究述评[J].旅游学刊,2003,18(1):76-80.
    [4]卢云亭.生态旅游与可持续旅游发展[J].经济地理,1996,16(1):106-112.
    [5]周玲强,黄祖辉.我国乡村旅游可持续发展问题与对策研究[J].经济地理,2004,24(4):572-576.
    [6]吴承忠.美英休闲经济的发展历程[J].城市问题,2009,165(4):94-98.
    [7]段兆麟.体验经济与教育农园[J].海峡两岸观光休闲农业与乡村旅游发展——海峡两岸观光休闲农业与乡村旅游发展学术研讨会论文集,2002.
    [8]马惠娣.21世纪与休闲经济,休闲产业,休闲文化[J].自然辩证法研究,2001,17(1):48-52.
    [9]王云才,许春霞,郭焕成.论中国乡村旅游发展的新趋势[J].干旱区地理,2005,28(6):862-868.
    [10]郑杨,周志斌,朱莎.近5年中国国内乡村旅游研究热点问题综述[J].北京第二外国语学院学报,2012,205(5):19-26.
    [11]谷中原,农村发展的农业多功能研究[D].2007,湖南农业大学.
    [12] Boody, G.,等. Multifunctional agriculture in the United States[J]. BioScience,2005,55(1):27-38.
    [13] Pulina, M.,D. Giovanna Dettori,A. Paba. Life cycle of agrotouristic firms in Sardinia[J]. Tourismmanagement,2006,27(5):1006-1016.
    [14] Marsden, T.,R. Sonnino. Rural development and the regional state: Denying multifunctionalagriculture in the UK[J]. J.Rural.Stud.,2008,24(4):422-431.
    [15]陈传康.北京的感应和行为地理研究[J].经济地理,1982(4):292~299
    [16] Ohe, Y. Multifunctionality and rural tourism: A perspective on farm diversification[J]. Journal ofInternational Farm Management,2007,4(1):18-40.
    [17]刘承良,吕军.中外乡村旅游地开发研究比较分析[J].湖北大学学报(自然科学版),2006,28(1):91-96.
    [18]陈雪钧.国外乡村旅游创新发展的成功经验与借鉴[J].重庆交通大学学报(社会科学版),2012,12(5):56-59.
    [19] Blangy, S.,H. Mehta. Ecotourism and ecological restoration[J]. Journal for Nature Conservation,2006,14(3):233-236.
    [20]邓冰,吴必虎.国外基于社区的生态旅游研究进展[J].旅游学刊,2006,21(4):84-88.
    [21]王云才,史欣.传统地域文化景观空间特征及形成机理[J].同济大学学报(社会科学版),2010,21(1):31-38.
    [22]房艳刚,刘继生.理想类型叙事视角下的乡村景观变迁与优化策略[J].地理学报,2012,67(10):1399-1410.
    [23]邓明艳,曾菊新,余斌,李伯华.旅游发展背景下乡村景观格局变迁与优化[J].生态经济,2010(2):82-86.
    [24]郑文俊.旅游视角下乡村景观价值认知与功能重构[J].地域研究与开发,2013,32(1):102-106.
    [25] Kohák, E. Varieties of ecological experience[J]. Environmental Ethics,2008,19(2):153-171.
    [26]余洁,马耀峰,苟晓东.近年来中国旅游研究的现状及热点问题述评[J].经济地理,2006,26(4):681-685+692.
    [27] Smith, W.L. Experiential tourism around the world and at home: definitions and standards[J].International Journal of Services and Standards,2006,2(1):1-14.
    [28]左冰.旅游学研究的时空视角:一种概念性理论框架[J].桂林旅游高等专科学校学报,2006,17(1):18-23.
    [29]谢彦君.旅游体验-旅游世界的硬核[J].桂林旅游高等专科学校学报,2005,16(6):5-9.
    [30]张孝德.中国的城市化不能以终结乡村文明为代价[J].行政管理改革,2012(9):9-14.
    [31]余向洋,朱国兴,邱慧.游客体验及其研究方法述评[J].旅游学刊,2006,21(10):91-96.
    [32]徐广才,等.休闲农业标准体系研究[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(15):306-311.
    [33]王琼英,唐代剑.基于城乡统筹的乡村旅游价值再造[J].农业经济问题,2012(11):66-71.
    [34]郑辽吉.乡村体验旅游开发探讨——以辽东山区为例[J].生态经济,2006(6):118-121.
    [35]郑辽吉.生态体验景观构建——以丹东大梨树村为例[J].辽东学院学报(社会科学版),2010,12(1):36-43.
    [36] Vatn, A. Multifunctional agriculture: some consequences for international trade regimes[J]. Europeanreview of agricultural economics,2002,29(3):309-327.
    [37]郑辽吉.新农村生态体验经济的创新发展路径[J].经济导刊,2012(4):48-49.
    [38]王德利.生态场理论——物理生态学的生长点[J].生态学杂志,1991,10(6):39-43.
    [39] Farina, A.,A. Belgrano. The eco-field hypothesis: toward a cognitive landscape[J]. LandscapeEcology,2006,21(1):5-17.
    [40]郑辽吉.生态体验景观感知测评[J].生态经济,2010(2):40-43.
    [41]顾晓君,马佳,张晨,马莹.基于农业多功能性视角下的农家乐经营模式研究[J].上海农业学报,2010,26(1):13-15.
    [42]郭俊立.巴黎学派的行动者网络理论及其哲学意蕴评析[J].自然辩证法研究,2007,23(2):104-108.
    [43]李承嘉.行动者网络理论应用于乡村发展之研究——以九份聚落1895-1945年发展为例[J].台湾地理学报,2005(39):1-30.
    [44]张环宙,周永广,魏蕙雅,黄超超.基于行动者网络理论的乡村旅游内生式发展的实证研究[J].旅游学刊,2008,23(2):65-71.
    [45]李春发,李萌萌,王强,王向丽.生态工业共生网络中利益相关者关系研究[J].软科学,2012,26(12):5-9.
    [46] Ma, M.,R. Hassink. An evolutionary perspective on tourism area development[J]. Annals of TourismResearch,2013,41:89-109.
    [47] Wight, P. Ecotourism: ethics or eco-sell?[J]. Journal of travel research,1993,31(3):3-9.
    [48]王家骏.关于“生态旅游”概念的探讨[J].地理学与国土研究,2002,18(1):103-106.
    [49]卢小丽,武春友,H. Donohoe.生态旅游概念识别及其比较研究——对中外40个生态旅游概念的定量分析[J].旅游学刊,2006,21(2):56-61.
    [50]吴楚材,吴章文,郑群明,胡卫华.生态旅游概念的研究[J].旅游学刊,2007,22(1):67-71.
    [51]陈俊红,李红,周连第.北京市山区沟域经济发展的探索与实践[J].生态经济(学术版),2010(1):57-62.
    [52]陈文君.我国现代乡村旅游深层次开发探讨[J].广州大学学报(社会科学版),2003,2(2):86-88.
    [53]吴必虎,黄琢玮,马小萌.中国城市周边乡村旅游地空间结构[J].地理科学,2004,24(6):757-763.
    [54]王铄.中国和英国乡村旅游发展模式比较研究[J].桂林旅游高等专科学校学报,2007,18(2):220-221.
    [55]邹统钎.中国乡村旅游发展模式研究[J].旅游学刊,2005,20(3):63-68.
    [56]章家恩.关于农业生态旅游的几点看法[J].农村生态环境,2000,16(1):56-59.
    [57]肖笃宁,钟林生.景观分类与评价的生态原则[J].应用生态学报,1998,9(2):217-221.
    [58]王铄,采用比较研究探索中国乡村旅游发展的新途径[D].2007,武汉:华中师范大学.
    [59]郭焕成,刘军萍,王云才.观光农业发展研究[J].经济地理,2000,20(2):119-124.
    [60] Cawley, M.,D.A. Gillmor. Integrated rural tourism:: Concepts and Practice[J]. Annals of TourismResearch,2008,35(2):316-337.
    [61]沈海滨.冬日的童话——萨尔茨堡[J].世界文化,2011(12):42-44.
    [62]彭青,高非.旅游如何促进法国乡村发展[J].南风窗,2009(4):44-46.
    [63]张颖.美国西部乡村旅游资源开发模式与启示[J].农业经济问题,2011(3):105-109.
    [64]王云才.中国乡村旅游发展的新形态和新模式[J].旅游学刊,2006,21(4):8-8.
    [65]熊凯.乡村意象与乡村旅游开发刍议[J].地域研究与开发,1999,3(18):71-74.
    [66]冯娴慧,戴光全.乡村旅游开发中农业景观特质性的保护研究[J].旅游学刊,2012,27(8):104-111.
    [67] O’Farrell, P.J.,P.M. Anderson. Sustainable multifunctional landscapes: a review to implementation[J].Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability,2010,2(1):59-65.
    [68] Lovell, S.T.,D.M. Johnston. Creating multifunctional landscapes: how can the field of ecology informthe design of the landscape?[J]. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment,2008,7(4):212-220.
    [69]张环宙,许欣,周永广.外国乡村旅游发展经验及对中国的借鉴[J].人文地理,2007(4):82-85.
    [70]王永强.欧美国家促进乡村旅游发展的经验与启示[J].郑州航空工业管理学院学报,2009,27(3):50-52.
    [71]张炜,欧盟旅游业可持续发展研究[D].2013,吉林大学.
    [72]周永博,等.旅游景观意象评价——周庄与乌镇的比较研究[J].地理研究,2011,30(2):359-371.
    [73]郑文俊.旅游视角下乡村景观价值认知与功能重构——基于国内外研究文献的梳理[J].地域研究与开发,2013,32(1):102-106.
    [74]闫伟昌,马晓燕,孙汀.具有地域乡土特色的乡村品牌景观开发[J].北京农学院学报,2010,25(4):42.
    [75]柴彦威,沈洁.基于活动分析法的人类空间行为研究[J].地理科学,2008,28(5):594-600.
    [76]张云鹏.试论吉登斯结构化理论[J].社会科学战线,2005(4):274-277.
    [77]陈忠晓,王仰麟,刘忠伟.近十几年来国内外生态旅游研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2001,16(4):556-562.
    [78]刘丽梅,吕君.中国社区参与旅游发展研究述评[J].地理科学进展,2010,29(8):1018-1024.
    [79]孙凤芝,许峰.社区参与旅游发展研究评述与展望[J].中国人口资源与环境,2013,23(7):142-148.
    [80]宋郁玲,姜蘭虹.生态旅游发展与社区参与——以高雄县美浓镇为例[J].地理学报,2002(32):19-39.
    [81] Kiss, A. Is community-based ecotourism a good use of biodiversity conservation funds?[J]. Trends inEcology&Evolution,2004,19(5):232-237.
    [82] Jones, S. Community-based ecotourism: The significance of social capital[J]. Annals of TourismResearch,2005,32(2):303-324.
    [83] Blamey, R.K. Ecotourism: The search for an operational definition[J]. Journal of Sustainable Tourism,1997,5(2):109-130.
    [84] Ryan, C.,K. Hughes,S. Chirgwin. The gaze, spectacle and ecotourism[J]. Annals of TourismResearch,2000,27(1):148-163.
    [85] Wang, W.,J.S. Chen,L. Fan,J. Lu. Tourist experience and Wetland parks: A case of Zhejiang,China[J]. Annals of Tourism Research,2012,39(4):1763-1778.
    [86] Lu, W.,S. Stepchenkova. Ecotourism experiences reported online: Classification of satisfactionattributes[J]. Tourism Management,2012,33(3):702-712.
    [87]龙花楼.论土地利用转型与乡村转型发展[J].地理科学进展,2012,31(2):131-138.
    [88] Boyd, S.W.,R.W. Butler. Managing ecotourism: an opportunity spectrum approach[J]. Tourismmanagement,1996,17(8):557-566.
    [89]黄向,保继刚,杰弗里沃尔.中国生态旅游机会图谱(CECOS)的构建[J].地理科学,2006,26(5):629-634.
    [90]梁金兰.基于乡村旅游开发的农村土地利用变化研究[J].西南农业大学学报:社会科学版,2009,7(1):8-10.
    [91] Cawley, M.,D.A. Gillmor. Integrated rural tourism: Concepts and Practice[J]. Annals of TourismResearch,2008,35(2):316-337.
    [92]郑辽吉.乡村生态体验营销策略研究——以丹东为例[J].旅游论坛,2009(5):717-721.
    [93]柴彦威,塔娜.中国行为地理学研究近期进展[J].干旱区地理,2011,34(1):1-11.
    [94] Busch, L.,A. Juska. Beyond political economy: actor networks and the globalization of agriculture[J].Review of International PoIiticaI Economy,1997,4(4):688-708.
    [95] Magnani, N.,L. Struffi. Translation sociology and social capital in rural development initiatives. Acase study from the Italian Alps[J]. Journal of rural studies,2009,25(2):231-238.
    [96] Law, J., ed. Actor network theory and material semiotics[M]. The new Blackwell companion to socialtheory, ed. B.S. Turner. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.:2009,141-158.
    [97] McLean, C.,J. Hassard. Symmetrical absence/symmetrical absurdity: Critical notes on the productionof actor‐network accounts[J]. Journal of Management Studies,2004,41(3):493-519.
    [98]张树民,钟林生,王灵恩.基于旅游系统理论的中国乡村旅游发展模式探讨[J].地理研究,2012,31(11):2094-2103.
    [99] Stockdale, A.,A. Barker. Sustainability and the multifunctional landscape: An assessment ofapproaches to planning and management in the Cairngorms National Park[J]. Land Use Policy,2009,26(2):479-492.
    [100]郭焕成.我国休闲农业发展的意义,态势与前景[J].中国农业资源与区划,2010,31(1):39-42.
    [101]丁培卫.近30年中国乡村旅游产业发展现状与路径选择[J].东岳论丛,2011,32(7):114-118.
    [102]龙茂兴,张河清.乡村旅游发展中存在问题的解析[J].旅游学刊,2006,21(9):75-79.
    [103]谢彦君.旅游概念存在的泛化倾向及其影响[J].桂林旅游高等专科学校学报,1999(1):18-20.
    [104]何景明.中外乡村旅游研究:对比,反思与展望[J].农村经济,2005(1):126-127.
    [105]李德明,程久苗.乡村旅游与农村经济互动持续发展模式与对策探析[J].人文地理,2005(3):84-87.
    [106]傅伯杰,陈利顶.景观多样性的类型及其生态意义[J].地理学报,1996,51(5):454-462.
    [107]林若琪,蔡运龙.转型期乡村多功能性及景观重塑[J].人文地理,2012,27(2):45-49.
    [108]郑群明,钟林生.参与式乡村旅游开发模式探讨[J].旅游学刊,2004,19(4):33-37.
    [109]左冰,保继刚.制度增权:社区参与旅游发展之土地权利变革[J].旅游学刊,2012,27(2):23-31.
    [110]李鹏,杨桂华.社区参与旅游发展中公平与效率问题研究——以云南梅里雪山雨崩藏族村为例[J].林业经济,2010(8):120-124.
    [111]郭凌,黄国庆,王志章.乡村旅游开发中土地流转问题研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报:社会科学版,2009,9(5):85-91.
    [112]吕君,吴必虎.国外社区参与旅游发展研究的层次演进与判读[J].未来与发展,2010,31(6):108-111.
    [113]李加林,童亿勤,时媛媛,李菁.中国乡村旅游研究综述[J].宁波大学学报(人文科学版),2009,22(1):91-96.
    [114]代则光,洪名勇.社区参与乡村旅游利益相关者分析[J].经济与管理,2009,23(11):27-32.
    [115]陈志永,李乐京,梁涛.利益相关者理论视角下的乡村旅游发展模式研究——以贵州天龙屯堡“四位一体”的乡村旅游模式为例[J].经济问题探索,2008(7):106-114.
    [116]尹立杰,等.基于地方感视角的乡村居民旅游影响感知研究[J].地理研究,2012,31(10):1916-1924.
    [117]郭焕成.发展乡村旅游业,支援新农村建设[J].旅游学刊,2006,21(3):6-7.
    [118]王素琴.乡村旅游与社会主义新农村建设的互动模型[J].经济论坛,2007(1):122-124.
    [119]兰宗宝,韦莉萍,陆宇明.生态文明理念下乡村旅游可持续发展的策略研究[J].广东农业科学,2011,38(1):223-225.
    [120]赖斌,裴玮.构建基于循环经济理念的乡村旅游MDR模式再思考[J].生态经济,2010(10):141-l44.
    [121]郭君平,沈文华,何忠伟.关于乡村旅游与沟域经济发展的理论思考及政策建议[J].江西农业学报,2010,22(1):166-168.
    [122]张环宙,周永广,魏蕙雅,黄超超.基于行动者网络理论的乡村旅游内生式发展的实证研究-以浙江浦江仙华山村为例[J].旅游学刊,2008,23(2):65-71.
    [123]朱峰,保继刚,项怡娴.行动者网络理论(ANT)与旅游研究范式创新[J].旅游学刊,2012(11):24-31.
    [124]刘宣,王小依.行动者网络理论在人文地理领域应用研究述评[J].地理科学进展,2013,32(7):1139-1147.
    [125]杨效忠,刘国明,冯立新,梁家琴.基于网络分析法的跨界旅游区空间经济联系-以壶口瀑布风景名胜区为例[J].地理研究,2011,30(7):1319-1330.
    [126]吴晋峰,潘旭莉.京沪入境旅游流网络结构特征分析[J].地理科学,2010,30(3):370-376.
    [127]王素洁,李想.基于社会网络视角的可持续乡村旅游决策探究——以山东省潍坊市杨家埠村为例[J].中国农村经济,2011(3):59-69.
    [128]王素洁,胡瑞娟,程卫红.国外社会网络范式下的旅游研究述评[J].旅游学刊,2009(7):90-95.
    [129]谢宇,基于ANP的旅游企业竞争力评价研究[D].2010,大连理工大学.
    [130] Zheng, L.,H. Liu. Evaluating multifunctional agriculture in Dalishu, China: A combined applicationof SWOT analysis and the analytic network process method[J]. Outlook On Agriculture,2013,42(2):103-108.
    [131]郑辽吉,刘惠清.城镇滨水区游憩管理模式[J].地理科学进展,2010,29(10):1256-1262.
    [132]郑辽吉,刘惠清.水体游憩环境的体验感知测评—以丹东为例[J].人文地理,2010(5):154-159.
    [133]冯淑华,沙润.乡村旅游的乡村性测评模型——以江西婺源为例[J].地理研究,2007,26(3):616-624.
    [134]黄燕玲,黄震方.农业旅游地游客感知结构模型与应用——以西南少数民族地区为例[J].地理研究,2008,27(6):1455-1465.
    [135] Zheng, L.,H. Liu. Increased farmer income evidenced by a new multifunctional actor network inChina[J]. Agronomy for Sustainable Development,2013.
    [136]周淑景.多功能农业与我国农业发展方向[J].广西经济管理干部学院学报,2003,15(1):35-40.
    [137]陈秋珍.国内外农业多功能性研究文献综述[J].中国农村观察,2007(3):71-79.
    [138]李俊岭.我国多功能农业发展研究——基于产业融合的研究[J].农业经济问题,2009(3):4-7.
    [139]李俊岭.东北多功能农业功能价值实证分析[J].中国农业资源与区划,2009,2:32-35.
    [140]吕一河,马志敏,傅伯杰,高光耀.生态系统服务多样性与景观多功能性——从科学理念到综合评估[J].生态学报,2013,33(4):1153-1159.
    [141]林若琪,蔡运龙.我国多功能农业制度发展研究[J].经济地理,2011,31(11):1768-1773.
    [142]张盼盼,胡远满.多功能景观研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(28):12454-12457.
    [143]傅伯杰,等.国际景观生态学研究新进展[J].生态学报,2008,28(2):798-804.
    [144] Farina, A.,A. Belgrano. The eco-field: A new paradigm for landscape ecology[J]. EcologicalResearch,2004,19(1):107-110.
    [145] Lin, I.Y. Evaluating a servicescape: the effect of cognition and emotion[J]. International Journal ofHospitality Management,2004,23(2):163-178.
    [146] O'Dell, T.,P. Billing, Experiencescapes: tourism, culture and economy[M]:Copenhagen BusinessSchool Pr,2005.
    [147]李伍荣.生态型服务:一种新理念[J].生态经济,2007(9):58-60.
    [148]晏国祥,方征.论消费者行为研究范式的转向[J].外国经济与管理,2006,28(1):54-59.
    [149]赵霞,姜秋爽.体验经济时代休闲旅游的多元发展趋势[J].财经问题研究,2013(6):140-144.
    [150]郑辽吉.丹东市赴朝边境旅游发展研究[J].世界地理研究,2002,11(3):71-78.
    [151]郑辽吉.丹东边境旅游产品创新与联合开发-基于行动者-网络理论观点[J].世界地理研究,2009,18(2):128-134.
    [152]孙莹,韩卫东,宫焕盛.近50年丹东气候变化分析[J].辽宁气象,2004(1):17-26.
    [153]杜海波,等.近60a丹东极端温度和降水事件变化特征[J].地理科学,2013,33(4):473-480.
    [154]范业正,郭来喜.中国海滨旅游地气候适宜性评价[J].自然资源学报,1998,13(4):304-311.
    [155]李悦铮.辽宁沿海地区旅游资源评价研究[J].自然资源学报,2000,15(1):46-50.
    [156]郑辽吉.丹东市生态旅游发展模式[J].国土与自然资源研究,2003(3):60-61.
    [157]郑辽吉.鸭绿江国家级风景名胜区进一步开发的几个问题[J].地域研究与开发,2004,23(1):42-46.
    [158]郑辽吉.旅游业竞争环境SWOT/PEEST分析法[J].边疆经济与文化,2006(2):9-l1.
    [159]吴卓.丹东市土地利用景观格局及其生态环境效应分析[J].首都师范大学学报(自然科学版),2012,33(6):45-50.
    [160]贾树海,邱志伟,潘锦华.辽宁省农用地质量空间分布格局及影响因素研究[J].生态环境学报,2010,5:027.
    [161]郑辽吉.丹东市旅游形象设计[J].丹东师专学报,2001,23(4):56-57.
    [162]陶勉.清代鸭绿江右岸荒地开垦经过[J].中国边疆史地研究,1999(1):56-68.
    [163]马平安.清末清廷封禁政策转变与东北地区的移民实边[J].辽宁教育学院学报,1994(1):36-39.
    [164]李为,张平宇,宋玉祥.清代东北地区土地开发及其动因分析[J].地理科学,2005,25(1):7-16.
    [165]陈桦.清代东北地区经济的发展与特点[J].清史研究,1993(4):11-21.
    [166]陈振环.基于BCG模型的辽宁省14市旅游市场分析及策略研究[J].2010.
    [167]庞会敏,伊丽莉.辽宁省14市旅游经济发展综合评价分析[J].经济研究导刊,2009,32:027.
    [168]孙平军,丁四保,修春亮,魏冶.东北地区“人口-经济-空间”城市化协调性研究[J].地理科学,2012,32(4):450-457.
    [169]孟广华.全力打造辽宁东部生态旅游基地[J].今日辽宁,2012(6):14-19.
    [170]刘彦随.中国东部沿海地区乡村转型发展与新农村建设[J].地理学报,2007,62(6):563-570.
    [171]邹锐.生态场理论及生态场特性[J].生态学杂志,1995,14(1):49-53.
    [172] Wu, H.-I.,P.J. Sharpe,J. Walker,L.K. Penridge. Ecological field theory: a spatial analysis of resourceinterference among plants[J]. Ecological Modelling,1985,29(1):215-243.
    [173] Miina, J., T. Pukkala. Application of ecological field theory in distance-dependent growthmodelling[J]. Forest Ecology And Management,2002,161(1):101-107.
    [174]王亚秋,王德利.改进的植物生态场模型与实例分析[J].生态学报,2005,25(11):2855-2861.
    [175]林秉贤.认知学派的社会心理学观点及其理论新趋向[J].天津商学院学报,1997(3):63-66+71.
    [176]冯强,程兴火.生态旅游景区游客感知价值研究综述[J].生态经济,2009(9):105-108.
    [177]江俊美,丁少平,李小敏,钟震宇.解读江南古村落符号景观元素的设计[J].生态经济,2009(7):194-197.
    [178]范春.基于体验旅游的景区廊道空间设计[J].人文地理,2009,24(2):112-115.
    [179]俞孔坚.论景观概念及其研究的发展[J].北京林业大学学报,1987,9(4):433-439.
    [180] Bitner, M.J. Servicescapes: the impact of physical surroundings on customers and employees[J]. TheJournal of Marketing,1992:57-71.
    [181] Van der Duim, R. Tourismscapes an actor-network perspective[J]. Annals of Tourism Research,2007,34(4):961-976.
    [182]谢彦君,彭丹.旅游,旅游体验和符号-对相关研究的一个评述[J].旅游科学,2005,19(4):1-6.
    [183]孟祥远,邓智平.如何超越二元对立?——对布迪厄与吉登斯比较性评析[J].南京社会科学,2009(9):111-114.
    [184]宫留记.布迪厄社会学理论的哲学特征[J].广西社会科学,2006(8):14-18.
    [185]毕天云.布迪厄的“场域-惯习”论[J].学术探索,2004(1):32-35.
    [186]张国举.“场域——惯习”论:创新机制研究的新工具[J].中共中央党校学报,2005,9(3):32-35.
    [187] Latour, B. On actor-network theory: a few clarifications[J]. Soziale welt,1996,47(4):369-381.
    [188]艾少伟,苗长虹.从“地方空间”,“流动空间”到“行动者网络空间”: ANT视角[J].人文地理,2010(2):43-49.
    [189] Murdoch, J. The spaces of actor-network theory[J]. Geoforum,1998,29(4):357-374.
    [190] Baggio, R.,C. Cooper. Knowledge transfer in a tourism destination: the effects of a networkstructure[J]. The Service Industries Journal,2010,30(10):1757-1771.
    [191]章锦河,张捷,刘泽华.基于旅游场理论的区域旅游空间竞争研究[J].地理科学,2005,25(2):248-256.
    [192] Urry, J., ed. The Tourist Gaze: Leisure and travel in contemporary societies, theory, culture&society[M]. Londres, Newbury Park, Sage Publications:1990
    [193] Law, J. Notes on the theory of the actor-network: ordering, strategy, and heterogeneity[J]. SystemicPractice and Action Research,1992,5(4):379-393.
    [194] Opdam, P.,E. Steingr ver,S.v. Rooij. Ecological networks: a spatial concept for multi-actor planningof sustainable landscapes[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning,2006,75(3):322-332.
    [195]吴莹,卢雨霞,陈家建,王一鸽.跟随行动者重组社会[J].社会学研究,2008(2):218-234.
    [196] Wey, T.,D.T. Blumstein,W. Shen,F. Jordán. Social network analysis of animal behaviour: apromising tool for the study of sociality[J]. Animal Behaviour,2008,75(2):333-344.
    [197] Law, J., Power, action and belief: a new sociology of knowledge?[M]:Routledge&Kegan Paul,1986.
    [198] Callon, M., Some elements of a sociology of translation.1986, Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
    [199] Zeleny, M.,K.D. Hufford. The application of autopoiesis in systems analysis: are autopoietic systemsalso social systems?[J]. International Journal Of General System,1992,21(2):145-160.
    [200] Luhmann, N., ed. The autopoiesis of social systems[M]. Sociocybernetic paradoxes, ed. F. Geyer andJ.v.d. Zouwen. London: Sage:1986,172-192.
    [201]周志家.社会系统与社会和谐——卢曼社会系统理论的整合观探析[J].第四期中国现代化研究论坛论文集,2006.
    [202] Tait, J. Science, governance and multifunctionality of European agriculture[J]. Outlook onAgriculture,2001,30(2):91-95.
    [203] Kizos, T.,等. Survival strategies of farm households and multifunctional farms in Greece[J]. TheGeographical Journal,2011,177(4):335-346.
    [204] Gómez Sal, A.,A. González García. A comprehensive assessment of multifunctional agriculturalland-use systems in Spain using a multi-dimensional evaluative model[J]. Agriculture, ecosystems&environment,2007,120(1):82-91.
    [205] Boody, G. Multifunctional Agriculture: More Than Bread Alone[J]. BioScience,2008,58(8):763-765.
    [206] Wilson, G.A. The spatiality of multifunctional agriculture: a human geography perspective[J].Geoforum,2009,40(2):269-280.
    [207]周镕基,现代多功能农业的价值及其评估研究[D].2011,长沙:湖南农业大学.
    [208]张克俊.现代农业产业体系的主要特征,根本动力与构建思路[J].华中农业大学学报:社会科学版,2011(5):22-28.
    [209]刘涛.现代农业产业体系建设路径抉择——基于农业多功能性的视角[J].现代经济探讨,2011(1):79-82.
    [210]李俊岭.东北多功能农业功能价值实证分析[J].中国农业资源与区划,2009,30(2):32-35.
    [211]周镕基,乌东峰.我国现代多功能农业价值的文献综述[J].衡阳师范学院学报,2010,31(4):44-48.
    [212]周基,皮修平.现代多功能农业价值的政策论争及其发展[J].湖南师范大学社会科学学报,2011,6:025.
    [213] Carpenter, S.R.,C. Folke. Ecology for transformation[J]. Trends In Ecology&Evolution,2006,21(6):309-315.
    [214] Termorshuizen, J.W.,P. Opdam. Landscape services as a bridge between landscape ecology andsustainable development[J]. Landscape Ecology,2009,24(8):1037-1052.
    [215]李双成,郑度,张镱锂.环境与生态系统资本价值评估的区域范式[J].地理科学,2002,22(3):270-275.
    [216]汤茂林,汪涛,金其铭.文化景观的研究内容[J].南京师大学报(自然科学版),2000,23(1):111-115.
    [217] Zeithaml, V.A. Consumer perceptions of price, quality, and value: a means-end model and synthesisof evidence[J]. The Journal of Marketing,1988,52(7):2-22.
    [218]薛会娟.旅游地感知场的形成机理及管理对策探讨[J].人文地理,2008,23(1):98-101.
    [219] Gobster, P.H.,J.I. Nassauer,T.C. Daniel,G. Fry. The shared landscape: what does aesthetics have todo with ecology?[J]. Landscape Ecology,2007,22(7):959-972.
    [220] Novelli, M.,B. Schmitz,T. Spencer. Networks, clusters and innovation in tourism: A UKexperience[J]. Tourism management,2006,27(6):1141-1152.
    [221]董亮.旅游审美中的格式塔原理及其在规划中的应用[J].学术交流,2008(9):15-18.
    [222]俞孔坚.景观的含义[J].时代建筑,2002(1):14-17.
    [223]杨春时,美学[M]:高等教育出版社,2004.
    [224] Kirby, J.B.,K.A. Bollen. Using instrumental variable tests to evaluate model specification in latentvariable structural equation models[J]. Sociological.methodology.,2009,39(1):327-355.
    [225] Golob, T.F. Structural equation modeling for travel behavior research[J]. Transportation ResearchPart B: Methodological,2003,37(1):1-25.
    [226] Arbuckle, J.L. Computer announcement amos: Analysis of moment structures[J]. Psychometrika,1994,59(1):135-137.
    [227]荣泰生, AMOS与研究方法[M]:重庆大学出版社,2009.
    [228] Bentler, P.M., E.H. Freeman. Tests for stability in linear structural equation systems[J].Psychometrika,1983,48(1):143-145.
    [229] Granovetter, M. The strength of weak ties: A network theory revisited[J]. Sociological theory,1983,1(1):201-233.
    [230] Crowley, S.L.,X. Fan. Structural equation modeling: Basic concepts and applications in personalityassessment research[J]. J.Pers.Assess.,1997,68(3):508-531.
    [231] Bentler, P.M. Comparative fit indexes in structural models[J]. Psychological bulletin,1990,107(2):238-246.
    [232] Pine, B.J.,J.H. Gilmore. Welcome to the experience economy[J]. Harvard business review,1998,76:97-105.
    [233]胡生青,杭国荣.谈物理教学中培养学生画图处理问题的习惯[J].物理通报,2010(4):72-73.
    [234] Virden, R.J.,R.C. Knopf. Activities, experiences, and environmental settings: A case study ofrecreation opportunity spectrum relationships[J]. Leisure Sciences,1989,11(3):159-176.
    [235] Buist, L.J.,T.A. Hoots. Recreation opportunity spectrum approach to resource planning[J]. Journal ofForestry,1982,80(2):84-86.
    [236] Prentice, R.C.,S.F. Witt,C. Hamer. Tourism as experience: The case of heritage parks[J]. Annals ofTourism Research,1998,25(1):1-24.
    [237] Laughlin, N.A.,M.W. Garcia. Attitudes of landscape architects in the USDA Forest Service towardthe Visual Management System[J]. Landscape Journal,1986,5(2):135-139.
    [238] Stankey, G.H.,S.F. McCool,G.L. Stokes. Limits of acceptable change: A new framework formanaging the Bob Marshall Wilderness Complex[J]. Western Wildlands,1984,10(3):33-37.
    [239]谢彦君.论旅游的本质与特征[J].旅游学刊,1998(4):41-44.
    [240] Gilmore, J.,J. Pine, The Experience Economy: work is theatre and every business a stage.1999,Paris, Harvar Business School Press.
    [241] Kastenholz, E.,M.J. Carneiro,C. Peixeira Marques,J. Lima. Understanding and managing the ruraltourism experience—The case of a historical village in Portugal[J]. Tourism ManagementPerspectives,2012,4:207-214.
    [242] Renting, H.,等. Multifunctionality of agricultural activities, changing rural identities and newinstitutional arrangements[J]. International journal of agricultural resources, governance andecology,2008,7(4):361-385.
    [243]戈比斯特保罗,杭迪.西方生态美学的进展:从景观感知与评估的视角看[J].学术研究,2010(4):2-14.
    [244] Musacchio, L.R. The scientific basis for the design of landscape sustainability: a conceptualframework for translational landscape research and practice of designed landscapes and the six Es oflandscape sustainability[J]. Landscape Ecology,2009,24(8):993-1013.
    [245]程相占.美国生态美学的思想基础与理论进展[J].文学评论,2009(1):69-74.
    [246] Gutman, J. A means-end chain model based on consumer categorization processes[J]. The Journal ofMarketing,1982,46(1):60-72.
    [247] López-Mosquera, N.,M. Sánchez. The influence of personal values in the economic-use valuation ofperi-urban green spaces: An application of the means-end chain theory[J]. Tourism Management,2010,32(4):875-889
    [248] Komppula, R. Pursuing customer value in tourism-a rural tourism case study[J]. Journal ofHospitality&Tourism,2005,3(2):83-104.
    [249]俞孔坚.生物保护的景观生态安全格局[J].生态学报,1999,19(1):8-15.
    [250]周基,皮修平.现代多功能农业价值的政策论争及其发展[J].湖南师范大学社会科学学报,2011,6:115-118.
    [251]邓心安.新型农业体系:基于生物经济的农业发展范式[J].农业现代化研究,2009,30(1):81-84.
    [252]洪银兴.中国特色农业现代化和农业发展方式转变[J].经济学动态,2008(6):62-66.
    [253]周镕基.现代多功能农业的价值学研究[J].经济问题探索,2011(12):72-75.
    [254]谢高地,肖玉,鲁春霞.生态系统服务研究:进展,局限和基本范式[J].植物生态学报,2006,30(2):191-199.
    [255]李培林.流动民工的社会网络和社会地位[J].社会学研究,1996(4):42-53.
    [256]阳志平,时勘.社会网络分析在社会心理学中的应用[J].社会心理研究,2002(3):56-64.
    [257]刘军,整体网分析讲义——UCINET软件实用指南[M].上海:格致出版社上海人民出版社,2009.
    [258]杨兴柱,陆林,王群.农户参与旅游决策行为结构模型及应用[J].地理学报,2005,60(6):928-940.
    [259]申秀英,刘沛林,邓运员.景观“基因图谱”视角的聚落文化景观区系研究[J].人文地理,2006,21(4):109-112.
    [260]刘沛林,等.基于景观基因完整性理念的传统聚落保护与开发[J].经济地理,2009,29(010):1731-1736.
    [261] Moore, S.M.,J. Charvat. Promoting health behavior change using appreciative inquiry: moving fromdeficit models to affirmation models of care[J]. Family&Community Health,2007,30:S64-S74.
    [262] Koster, R.L.,R.H. Lemelin. Appreciative inquiry and rural tourism: a case study from Canada[J].Tourism Geographies,2009,11(2):256-269.
    [263]刘彦随.中国新农村建设创新理念与模式研究进展[J].地理研究,2008,27(2):479-480.
    [264]于立新,孙根年.深层生态旅游开发与新世外桃源建设[J].人文地理,2007,22(2):63-67.
    [265]刘黎明.乡村景观规划的发展历史及其在我国的发展前景[J].农村生态环境,2001,17(1):52-55.
    [266]张宏,赵荣,李绍刚.秦兵马俑游客体验的ASEB分析[J].桂林旅游高等专科学校学报,2006,17(1):116-119.
    [267] Chung, S.H.,A.H.I. Lee,W.L. Pearn. Analytic network process (ANP) approach for product mixplanning in semiconductor fabricator[J]. International Journal of Production Economics,2005,96(1):15-36.
    [268] Yüksel,.,M. Dagdeviren. Using the analytic network process (ANP) in a SWOT analysis-A casestudy for a textile firm[J]. Information Sciences,2007,177(16):3364-3382.
    [269] Gencer, C.,D. Gürpinar. Analytic network process in supplier selection: A case study in an electronicfirm[J]. Applied Mathematical Modelling,2007,31(11):2475-2486.
    [270]郑辽吉.基于GEM-ANP模型的海岛旅游竞争力评价—以辽宁省为例[J].辽东学院学报(社会科学版),2013,15(4):85-90.
    [271]王莲芬.网络分析法(ANP)的理论与算法[J].系统工程理论与实践,2001,21(3):44-50.
    [272] Saaty, T.L. Fundamentals of the analytic network process-Dependence and feedback indecision-making with a single network[J]. Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering,2004,13(2):129-157
    [273] Garrod, B.,R. Wornell,R. Youell. Re-conceptualising rural resources as countryside capital: The caseof rural tourism[J]. Journal of rural studies,2006,22(1):117-128.
    [274] SIMon, S. economic clusters as sustainable units in the agriculture of bekes county, hungary[J].Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology,2008,9(1):228–234.
    [275] Arabatzis, G., S. Polyzos. Contribution of natural and socio-cultural resources in tourismdevelopment of mainland greek prefectures: a typology[J]. Journal of Environmental Protection andEcology,2008,9(2):446–464.
    [276] Saxena, G.,B. Ilbery. Integrated rural tourism a border case study[J]. Annals of Tourism Research,2008,35(1):233-254.
    [277] Avdimiotis, S.,M. Golumbeanu. Necessity of the early warnings system for the development of newsustainable forms of tourism[J]. Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology,2008,9(2):431–445.
    [278] Iorio, M.,A. Corsale. Rural tourism and livelihood strategies in Romania[J]. Journal of rural studies,2010,26(2):152-162.
    [279] Calado, L.,A. Rodrigues,P. Silveira,T. Dentinho. Rural tourism associated with agriculture as aneconomic alternative for the farmers[J]. European Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation,2011,2(1):155-174.
    [280] Van der Duim, R. Tourismscapes an actor-network perspective[J]. Ann.Tourism.Res.,2007,34(4):961-976.
    [281] Renting, H.,等. Exploring multifunctional agriculture. A review of conceptual approaches andprospects for an integrative transitional framework[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2009,90:S112-S123.
    [282] Van der Duim, V.,J. Caalders. Tourism chains and pro-poor tourism development: an actor-networkanalysis of a pilot project in Costa Rica[J]. Current Issues in Tourism,2008,11(2):109-125.
    [283] Noe, E.,H.F. Alr e,A.M.S. Langvad. A polyocular framework for research on multifunctionalfarming and rural development[J]. Sociologia Ruralis,2008,48(1):1-15.
    [284] S rensen, F. The geographies of social networks and innovation in tourism[J]. Tourism Geographies,2007,9(1):22-48.
    [285] Ring, J.K.,A.M. Peredo,J.J. Chrisman. Business networks and economic development in ruralcommunities in the United States[J]. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2010,34(1):171-195.
    [286] Murdoch, J. Networks--a new paradigm of rural development?[J]. Journal of rural studies,2000,16(4):407-419.
    [287] Saaty, T.L. How to make a decision: the analytic hierarchy process[J]. European journal ofoperational research,1990,48(1):9-26.
    [288] Pine, B.J.,J.H. Gilmore. Welcome to the experience economy[J]. Harvard Business Review,1998,76(July–August):97-105.
    [289] Oh, H.,A.M. Fiore,M. Jeoung. Measuring experience economy concepts: tourism applications[J].Journal of Travel Research,2007,46(2):119-132.
    [290]郑辽吉.体验旅游导游的培训研究[J].边疆经济与文化,2008(8):25-28.
    [291] Lew, A.A. Understanding experiential authenticity through the best tourism places[J]. TourismGeographies,2011,13(4):570-575.
    [292] Tarssanen, S., Handbook for Experience Tourism Agents.2005, University of Lapland Press.
    [293] Di Domenico, M.,G. Miller. Farming and tourism enterprise: Experiential authenticity in thediversification of independent small-scale family farming[J]. Tourism management,2012,33(2):285-294.
    [294]魏小安,魏诗华.旅游情景规划与项目体验设计[J].旅游学刊,2004,19(4):38-44.
    [295]石培华,龙江智,郑斌.旅游规划设计的内涵本质与核心理论研究[J].地域研究与开发,2012,31(1):80-84.
    [296]贾英,孙根年.论双因素理论在旅游体验管理中的应用[J].社会科学家,2008(4):92-95.
    [297]田学红,刘徽,郑碧波.马斯洛高峰体验学说及其对教学的启示[J].浙江师范大学学报(社会科学版),2004,29(3):86-88.
    [298]李光明,钱明辉,苟彦忠.基于互动导向的体验营销策略研究[J].经济体制改革,2010(1):69-74.
    [299] Kastenholz, E.,J. Lima. The Integral Rural Tourism Experience from the Tourist s Point of View: AQualitativeAnalysis of its Nature and Meaning[J]. Tourism&Management Studies,2011(7):62-74.
    [300]王安琪.体验营销与传统营销区别何在[J].经济论坛,2005(23):109-110.
    [301]曾蓓,崔焕金.旅游营销的新理念——旅游体验营销[J].社会科学家,2005,112(2):129-130+135.
    [302]黄志锋.体验营销:新经济时代的营销方式[J].长沙大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2006,20(4):10-11.
    [303] Schultz, D.E. Integrated marketing communications[J]. Journal of Promotion Management,1992,1(1):99-104.
    [304]徐正林,邹丽君.体验营销——乡村旅游发展的新思路[J].经济与管理,2007,21(5):29-33.
    [305]张丽华,罗霞.乡村旅游体验营销模型的一种设计[J].经济管理,2007(3):71-74.
    [306] Schmitt, B. Experiential marketing[J]. Journal of Marketing Management,1999,15(1-3):53-67.
    [307] Fiore, A.M.,等. Experience economy strategies: Adding value to small rural businesses[J]. Journal ofExtension,2007,45(2):1-13.
    [308]谢开木,胡翠荣.体验营销在农产品中的应用[J].中国农业大学学报(社会科学版),2004,55(2):48-53.
    [309]莫梅锋,刘潆檑.体验时代呼唤体验媒介[J].新闻界,2005(5):56-57.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700