古树文化与环境艺术设计
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摘要
古树以其优美的形态、丰富的人文内涵,被人们尊称为“凝固的诗,动感的画”。它为现代环境设计提供了丰富的素材。自古以来,中国人民对古树含有一种特殊的情感,人们尊敬它、崇拜它。以古树为题材的神话传说、人物事迹、历史典故、诗歌及绘画作品构成了我国丰富的人文资源,它与中华民族的生存和发展结下了不解之缘,并在中华民族的文明进步过程中具有不可替代的作用。
本论文共分为五章,第一章为绪论,主要说明了研究的缘起、主要内容及研究的意义;第二章通过分析古树的自然属性与文化属性,系统地论述了古树文化在中国传统文化中的地位和作用;第三章、第四章,分别从美学角度与生态学的角度,深入地探索了古树在景观环境中的价值与意义;第五章从设计方法论的角度,研究古树在环境艺术中的作用、古树景观的设计原则以及古树在现代环境设计中的开发与利用;论文的最后为结论部分。
纵观有关古树或古树文化的论著,大多是笼统地讲述古树所具有的珍贵价值或是侧重于古树的树种介绍、古树资源的保护对策等,国内外有关古树如何在现代景观环境设计中的开发与利用的专著则比较少。基于此,作者试图在本文中,从文化、美学以及现代设计学等方面着手,以研究与人们生活密切相关的古树以及古树的文化内涵来拓掘人类生活及情感与周围环境之间更深层次的东西,同时也是对当今社会环境中逐渐失去的一种地域文化的研究与挽回。将古树文化与现代环境艺术设计相结合,使之更好地得到保护性开发与延续,充分体现古树潜在的人文价值和景观价值,以更好地为人类服务。
同时,面临能源危机的今天,古树为我们提供了无限的灵感。从它身上我们得到一个根本的生存策略是:少消耗,多收获。未来的设计将建立在广义的生存之道上。环境设计的重点将是最大限度的节省资源、减缓生态恶化的速度、降低消耗、满足人类生活需要、提高人类精神生活质量。古树在生态环境中发挥着重要的作用,所以在本文中,作者分析古树重要的生态效益和自然效益,将之应用到环境设计中去。
我国有着丰富的古树景观资源,又有着深厚的地域文化特征。景观设计者们在开发古树景观旅游资源的过程中应该先有认识风景、珍惜风景、保护风景,然后才是科学利用的思想,把古树文化内涵巧妙地体现在现代景观环境中,使人文与自然结合的景观,成为取之不竭的财富,用其丰富的文化来滋养万代人。
The beautiful old trees in its form, the rich connotations of the humanities, been known as the "solidification of poetry, dynamic paintings." It is a modern design environment provides a wealth of material. Since ancient times, Chinese people to the old trees with a special kind of emotional, people respect it, worship it. Old trees to the theme of myths and legends, figures deeds, historical allusions, poetry and paintings constitute China's rich human resources, and the Chinese nation's survival and development forged a relationship, and the Chinese nation's civilization and progress In the process plays an irreplaceable role.
This paper is divided into five chapters, the first chapter for the introduction, the main note on the origin, mainly on the content and meaning of the second chapter of old trees through the natural attributes and cultural attributes, systematic exposition of the old trees in the Chinese culture Traditional culture in the status and role of the third chapter, Chapter IV, respectively, from an aesthetic point of view and ecological point of view and in-depth exploration of the old trees in the landscape environment in the value and significance; Chapter V design methodology from the perspective of research Old trees in the role of environmental art, old trees in the landscape design principles and old trees in the modern environmental design of development and utilization; papers for the conclusion of the final.
Taking an overview of the old trees or the culture of the old trees, mostly general on the precious old trees which have focused on the value of old trees or the trees, old trees, and other resources protection measures, at home and abroad on how the old trees in the modern Landscape design of the development and utilization of the monograph is relatively small. Based on this, the author tried to in this paper, from the cultural, aesthetic and modern design of the areas started to study closely related with people's lives, the old trees and old trees in the cultural connotation to dig extension of human life and emotion with the surrounding environment between the deeper Level of things, but also of today's social environment in the gradual loss of a local culture of research and restore. Will be old trees culture and modern art design environment combine to better protection of the development and renewal, the full potential of the human value of old trees and landscape values, to better serve humanity.
At the same time, the energy crisis facing today, old trees has provided us with unlimited inspiration. From it we get on a basic survival strategy: less consumption, more harvest. The design of the future will be established in a broad sense of survival Road. Environmental Design will focus on the maximum saving resources and slow down the pace of ecological deterioration, reducing consumption and to meet human needs and improve the quality of human spiritual life. Old trees in the ecological environment play an important role, so in this article, the author of the important old trees in the natural eco-efficiency and effectiveness, to be applied to the design of the environment.
China is rich in old trees in the landscape resources, have a profound geographical and cultural characteristics. Landscape designers in the development of tourism resources in old trees landscape in the process should have recognized landscape, scenic treasure, the protection of scenery, and only then use the scientific thinking of the old trees and cultural connotation of cleverly reflected in the modern landscape environment, the humanities Combined with the natural landscape, as from the inexhaustible wealth, with its rich cultural nourishment to generations.
本论文共分为五章,第一章为绪论,主要说明了研究的缘起、主要内容及研究的意义;第二章通过分析古树的自然属性与文化属性,系统地论述了古树文化在中国传统文化中的地位和作用;第三章、第四章,分别从美学角度与生态学的角度,深入地探索了古树在景观环境中的价值与意义;第五章从设计方法论的角度,研究古树在环境艺术中的作用、古树景观的设计原则以及古树在现代环境设计中的开发与利用;论文的最后为结论部分。
纵观有关古树或古树文化的论著,大多是笼统地讲述古树所具有的珍贵价值或是侧重于古树的树种介绍、古树资源的保护对策等,国内外有关古树如何在现代景观环境设计中的开发与利用的专著则比较少。基于此,作者试图在本文中,从文化、美学以及现代设计学等方面着手,以研究与人们生活密切相关的古树以及古树的文化内涵来拓掘人类生活及情感与周围环境之间更深层次的东西,同时也是对当今社会环境中逐渐失去的一种地域文化的研究与挽回。将古树文化与现代环境艺术设计相结合,使之更好地得到保护性开发与延续,充分体现古树潜在的人文价值和景观价值,以更好地为人类服务。
同时,面临能源危机的今天,古树为我们提供了无限的灵感。从它身上我们得到一个根本的生存策略是:少消耗,多收获。未来的设计将建立在广义的生存之道上。环境设计的重点将是最大限度的节省资源、减缓生态恶化的速度、降低消耗、满足人类生活需要、提高人类精神生活质量。古树在生态环境中发挥着重要的作用,所以在本文中,作者分析古树重要的生态效益和自然效益,将之应用到环境设计中去。
我国有着丰富的古树景观资源,又有着深厚的地域文化特征。景观设计者们在开发古树景观旅游资源的过程中应该先有认识风景、珍惜风景、保护风景,然后才是科学利用的思想,把古树文化内涵巧妙地体现在现代景观环境中,使人文与自然结合的景观,成为取之不竭的财富,用其丰富的文化来滋养万代人。
The beautiful old trees in its form, the rich connotations of the humanities, been known as the "solidification of poetry, dynamic paintings." It is a modern design environment provides a wealth of material. Since ancient times, Chinese people to the old trees with a special kind of emotional, people respect it, worship it. Old trees to the theme of myths and legends, figures deeds, historical allusions, poetry and paintings constitute China's rich human resources, and the Chinese nation's survival and development forged a relationship, and the Chinese nation's civilization and progress In the process plays an irreplaceable role.
This paper is divided into five chapters, the first chapter for the introduction, the main note on the origin, mainly on the content and meaning of the second chapter of old trees through the natural attributes and cultural attributes, systematic exposition of the old trees in the Chinese culture Traditional culture in the status and role of the third chapter, Chapter IV, respectively, from an aesthetic point of view and ecological point of view and in-depth exploration of the old trees in the landscape environment in the value and significance; Chapter V design methodology from the perspective of research Old trees in the role of environmental art, old trees in the landscape design principles and old trees in the modern environmental design of development and utilization; papers for the conclusion of the final.
Taking an overview of the old trees or the culture of the old trees, mostly general on the precious old trees which have focused on the value of old trees or the trees, old trees, and other resources protection measures, at home and abroad on how the old trees in the modern Landscape design of the development and utilization of the monograph is relatively small. Based on this, the author tried to in this paper, from the cultural, aesthetic and modern design of the areas started to study closely related with people's lives, the old trees and old trees in the cultural connotation to dig extension of human life and emotion with the surrounding environment between the deeper Level of things, but also of today's social environment in the gradual loss of a local culture of research and restore. Will be old trees culture and modern art design environment combine to better protection of the development and renewal, the full potential of the human value of old trees and landscape values, to better serve humanity.
At the same time, the energy crisis facing today, old trees has provided us with unlimited inspiration. From it we get on a basic survival strategy: less consumption, more harvest. The design of the future will be established in a broad sense of survival Road. Environmental Design will focus on the maximum saving resources and slow down the pace of ecological deterioration, reducing consumption and to meet human needs and improve the quality of human spiritual life. Old trees in the ecological environment play an important role, so in this article, the author of the important old trees in the natural eco-efficiency and effectiveness, to be applied to the design of the environment.
China is rich in old trees in the landscape resources, have a profound geographical and cultural characteristics. Landscape designers in the development of tourism resources in old trees landscape in the process should have recognized landscape, scenic treasure, the protection of scenery, and only then use the scientific thinking of the old trees and cultural connotation of cleverly reflected in the modern landscape environment, the humanities Combined with the natural landscape, as from the inexhaustible wealth, with its rich cultural nourishment to generations.
引文
[1] 辞海编辑委员会.辞海.上海:上海辞书出版社,1999, 342-346
[2] Worster Donald.A history of ecological idea. Cambridge Unibersity Press,1994 , 71-75
[3] 刘顺国,陈松领,张长海.古树名木的价值.中国林业,2007,7(2)
[4] 陈贵.张家口古树奇观.北京:中国林业出版社 ,2005,17
[5] 陈映婕.吴越树木信仰民俗论析:辽宁: 辽宁大学,2004,60-61
[6] 王泽民.古典诗词中的情与景.北京:中国科教创新导刊,2007,20(2)
[7] 赖世和.美学.北京:长江文艺出版社,1987,94-95
[8] 李泽厚.美的历程.北京:中国社会科学出版社,1984, 43-48
[9] 马克思.1844 年经济学-手稿.刘坯坤译.北京:人民出版社,1976,49
[10] 郭熙.山水训.林泉高致集. 北京:人民出版社,1980,21
[11] 欧宗启,庄小彤.论自然美与自然生态美.广西:广西社会科学,2006,12(2): 133-136
[12] William Hogarth. Construe of the beauty. Cambridge Unibersity Press.1753
[13] 梁隐泉,王广友.园林美学.北京:中国建材工业出版社,2005,108
[14] 梁隐泉,王广友.园林美学.北京:中国建材工业出版社,2005,115
[15] 李政道主编.绿色战略——21 世纪中国环境与可持续发展.青岛:青岛出版社,1997,81-87
[16] 曲格平主编.中国的环境与发展.北京:中国环境科学出版社,1992,229
[17] 李峰,王如松.城市绿色空间服务功效评价与生态区划.北京:气象出版社,2007,3
[18] Rudofsky Bernard. Architecture without architects.University of New Mexico Press, 1964 , 61-63
[19] 李峰,王如松.城市绿色空间服务功效评价与生态区划.北京:气象出版社,2007,12
[20] The World Commission on Environment and Development.Our common future. Oxford University Press, 1987, 101一102
[21] Peter Mchoy ,Tessa Evelegh Anness. The practice of garden planning design & Decoration. Publishing London .Limited.Printed and boundin Germany, 1999, 5-6
[22] The World Commission on Environment and Development. Our commonfuture. Oxford University Press, 1987, 21-22
[23] 张志锋主编.唐宋诗词鉴赏.陶庵梦忆·不二斋.北京:作家出版社,2005,11
[24] 张志锋主编.唐宋诗词鉴赏.春草园小记. 北京:作家出版社,2005,63
[25] 张志锋主编.唐宋诗词鉴赏.古栎歌碑.乔树. 北京:作家出版社,2005,70
[26] Robert Holden. Post-industrial landscape. Built Environment,1996, Volume12:27-29, 88-89
[27] James Wines.Contemporary landscapes in the world. Process Architecture Co, Ltd,2001,81-83
[28] 关传友.古代风水林探析.亚洲周易风水学会,2008
[29] Beatley, Timothy. Green urbanism learning from European cities. Island Press. 2000
[30] 关传友.中国古代风水林探析.农业考古,2002,3(15)
[31] 关传友.中国传统风水文化与文化景观.农业考古,2005,10(33)
[32] Clare Cooper Marcus , Carolyn Francised. People place-design guidelines for urban open space. V.N.R.1990
[33] 欧应田.风水林在生态住宅小区的价值和利用.广东:华南农业大学,2005.6
[34] 中国传统风水文化与文化景观.2005.10
[35] 刘顺国,陈松领,张长海.古树名木的价值.中国林业,2007,7(22)
[36] 李泉涛. 绿色植物与空间共舞. 家具与室内装饰. 2004,12(14):38-39
[37] 彭一刚.中国古典园林分析.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1988, 64-65
[38] 金学智.中国园林美学.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005, 299-301
[39] 彭一刚.中国古典园林分析.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1988, 40-41
[40] 金学智.中国园林美学.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005, 292-299
[41] 徐炜.福州市古树名木资源的保护与利用.福建林业科技,2006,(3)
[42] 古树复壮与养护.中国花卉报,2008-01-04
[43] 李树华.中国盆景艺术国际化进程的研究.中国园林,2007,(8)
[44] 曾宪烨. 浅谈枝线的美感.花木盆景.盆景赏石,2004,(11)
[45] 徐炜.福州市古树名木资源的保护与利用.福建林业科技,2006,(3)
[2] Worster Donald.A history of ecological idea. Cambridge Unibersity Press,1994 , 71-75
[3] 刘顺国,陈松领,张长海.古树名木的价值.中国林业,2007,7(2)
[4] 陈贵.张家口古树奇观.北京:中国林业出版社 ,2005,17
[5] 陈映婕.吴越树木信仰民俗论析:辽宁: 辽宁大学,2004,60-61
[6] 王泽民.古典诗词中的情与景.北京:中国科教创新导刊,2007,20(2)
[7] 赖世和.美学.北京:长江文艺出版社,1987,94-95
[8] 李泽厚.美的历程.北京:中国社会科学出版社,1984, 43-48
[9] 马克思.1844 年经济学-手稿.刘坯坤译.北京:人民出版社,1976,49
[10] 郭熙.山水训.林泉高致集. 北京:人民出版社,1980,21
[11] 欧宗启,庄小彤.论自然美与自然生态美.广西:广西社会科学,2006,12(2): 133-136
[12] William Hogarth. Construe of the beauty. Cambridge Unibersity Press.1753
[13] 梁隐泉,王广友.园林美学.北京:中国建材工业出版社,2005,108
[14] 梁隐泉,王广友.园林美学.北京:中国建材工业出版社,2005,115
[15] 李政道主编.绿色战略——21 世纪中国环境与可持续发展.青岛:青岛出版社,1997,81-87
[16] 曲格平主编.中国的环境与发展.北京:中国环境科学出版社,1992,229
[17] 李峰,王如松.城市绿色空间服务功效评价与生态区划.北京:气象出版社,2007,3
[18] Rudofsky Bernard. Architecture without architects.University of New Mexico Press, 1964 , 61-63
[19] 李峰,王如松.城市绿色空间服务功效评价与生态区划.北京:气象出版社,2007,12
[20] The World Commission on Environment and Development.Our common future. Oxford University Press, 1987, 101一102
[21] Peter Mchoy ,Tessa Evelegh Anness. The practice of garden planning design & Decoration. Publishing London .Limited.Printed and boundin Germany, 1999, 5-6
[22] The World Commission on Environment and Development. Our commonfuture. Oxford University Press, 1987, 21-22
[23] 张志锋主编.唐宋诗词鉴赏.陶庵梦忆·不二斋.北京:作家出版社,2005,11
[24] 张志锋主编.唐宋诗词鉴赏.春草园小记. 北京:作家出版社,2005,63
[25] 张志锋主编.唐宋诗词鉴赏.古栎歌碑.乔树. 北京:作家出版社,2005,70
[26] Robert Holden. Post-industrial landscape. Built Environment,1996, Volume12:27-29, 88-89
[27] James Wines.Contemporary landscapes in the world. Process Architecture Co, Ltd,2001,81-83
[28] 关传友.古代风水林探析.亚洲周易风水学会,2008
[29] Beatley, Timothy. Green urbanism learning from European cities. Island Press. 2000
[30] 关传友.中国古代风水林探析.农业考古,2002,3(15)
[31] 关传友.中国传统风水文化与文化景观.农业考古,2005,10(33)
[32] Clare Cooper Marcus , Carolyn Francised. People place-design guidelines for urban open space. V.N.R.1990
[33] 欧应田.风水林在生态住宅小区的价值和利用.广东:华南农业大学,2005.6
[34] 中国传统风水文化与文化景观.2005.10
[35] 刘顺国,陈松领,张长海.古树名木的价值.中国林业,2007,7(22)
[36] 李泉涛. 绿色植物与空间共舞. 家具与室内装饰. 2004,12(14):38-39
[37] 彭一刚.中国古典园林分析.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1988, 64-65
[38] 金学智.中国园林美学.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005, 299-301
[39] 彭一刚.中国古典园林分析.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1988, 40-41
[40] 金学智.中国园林美学.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005, 292-299
[41] 徐炜.福州市古树名木资源的保护与利用.福建林业科技,2006,(3)
[42] 古树复壮与养护.中国花卉报,2008-01-04
[43] 李树华.中国盆景艺术国际化进程的研究.中国园林,2007,(8)
[44] 曾宪烨. 浅谈枝线的美感.花木盆景.盆景赏石,2004,(11)
[45] 徐炜.福州市古树名木资源的保护与利用.福建林业科技,2006,(3)
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