呼和浩特市居住区绿地现状分析与研究
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摘要
本论文按照各居住区的住宅建设标准,选取呼和浩特市已建成的,具有代表性的居住区,分别选择安居型居住区、小康型居住区、高档商品型居住区为调查研究对象。主要从居住区绿化指标、绿化植物应用、绿化种植结构三大方面展开调查研究。其中居住区绿化指标的调查研究包括:绿地率、公共绿地面积、人均绿地面积、人均公共绿地面积四个方面的调查研究;居住区绿化植物应用的调查研究包括:居住区栽培植物树种调查、不同类型的居住区树种利用研究、居住区绿化植物多样性调查研究三个方面;绿化种植结构的调查研究包括对居住区绿化植物应用比例进行综合分析。在对选取的居住区的调查研究中发现:
1、居住区绿化指标:选取的居住区绿地率指标还没有达到国家和地方的标准。应该引入人均绿地面积标准;小康型居住区和高档商品型居住区在人均公共绿地面积指标上均超出安居型居住区许多。
2、居住区绿化植物应用:选取的居住区绿化植物应用是多样且丰富的,同时注意种植的绿化植物与当地植物的种类的特征相似,这样可以明显体现出地域性的特点;对所调查居住区的公共绿地中有许多物种数量低,面积大的乔草、灌草模块,这种种植形式对居住区植物群落的结构、植物丰富度是不利的。
3、居住区绿化种植结构:不同类型的居住区比较,小康型居住区和高档商品型居住区的绿化种植结构合理性相对于安居型居住区高,但居住区绿化种植结构整体上合理性不高;在绿化种植结构方面比例过低或过高都是不恰当的。建议呼和浩特市高档商品型居住区在达到合理的程度上适当有所提高。小康型居住区应该以合理作为建设目标。安居型居住区应该以基本合理作为建设目标。
This paper takes the typical well-built residential buildings in Hohhot as the research objective, such as home-type residential areas, a well-type residential areas, luxury residential area according to the residential area of housing construction standards.
The paper carries out the investigation in three aspects, green indicators of residential area, green vegetable application and green planting structure. Among which green indicators of residential area includes green land percentage, public green land area, the per capita green land rate, the center of public green space, public green area per capita in four areas; Green vegetable application includs the application of green plants cultivated plants in residential areas of research, different types of residential area of tree species Research, residential area of vegetation diversity of the three aspects of green planting structure including the residential area of green planting a comprehensive analysis. In the study the following has been found:
I. Residential green indicators: Hohhot green space indicators of the residential area of Hohhot has not reached the national and local standards. Green residential area among all the indicators is not comprehensive enough, residential area per capita green area standards should be brought into the consideration; Comfortable life living and luxury goods in the residential area of public green area per capita exceed the targets on the home-type of many residential areas.
II. green plants application of the Residential area: garden plants of Hohhot residential area are diverse and rich, cultivated plants, flora and the local flora of similar characteristics, which clearly reflects the characteristics of localism; There are many public green spaces in the small number of species, the large area of Joe grass, shrub-grass modules, such cultivation of the residential area of the plant community structure has a negative effect on the richness and diversity of plants.
III. The planting vegetables structure in the residential area: compared in different types of residential areas, residential areas and the comfortable life of luxury residential area have a more rational green structure than Phase-home residential area. However, residential green planting structure on the whole is not reasonable and not high enough; Green planting structure has a too high or too low proportion, which is inappropriate. Residential area of luxury goods in a reasonable extent should be increased appropriately. Well-off of residential areas should have a reasonable goal. Home-type residential areas should be reasonable as a basic goal of building.
1、居住区绿化指标:选取的居住区绿地率指标还没有达到国家和地方的标准。应该引入人均绿地面积标准;小康型居住区和高档商品型居住区在人均公共绿地面积指标上均超出安居型居住区许多。
2、居住区绿化植物应用:选取的居住区绿化植物应用是多样且丰富的,同时注意种植的绿化植物与当地植物的种类的特征相似,这样可以明显体现出地域性的特点;对所调查居住区的公共绿地中有许多物种数量低,面积大的乔草、灌草模块,这种种植形式对居住区植物群落的结构、植物丰富度是不利的。
3、居住区绿化种植结构:不同类型的居住区比较,小康型居住区和高档商品型居住区的绿化种植结构合理性相对于安居型居住区高,但居住区绿化种植结构整体上合理性不高;在绿化种植结构方面比例过低或过高都是不恰当的。建议呼和浩特市高档商品型居住区在达到合理的程度上适当有所提高。小康型居住区应该以合理作为建设目标。安居型居住区应该以基本合理作为建设目标。
This paper takes the typical well-built residential buildings in Hohhot as the research objective, such as home-type residential areas, a well-type residential areas, luxury residential area according to the residential area of housing construction standards.
The paper carries out the investigation in three aspects, green indicators of residential area, green vegetable application and green planting structure. Among which green indicators of residential area includes green land percentage, public green land area, the per capita green land rate, the center of public green space, public green area per capita in four areas; Green vegetable application includs the application of green plants cultivated plants in residential areas of research, different types of residential area of tree species Research, residential area of vegetation diversity of the three aspects of green planting structure including the residential area of green planting a comprehensive analysis. In the study the following has been found:
I. Residential green indicators: Hohhot green space indicators of the residential area of Hohhot has not reached the national and local standards. Green residential area among all the indicators is not comprehensive enough, residential area per capita green area standards should be brought into the consideration; Comfortable life living and luxury goods in the residential area of public green area per capita exceed the targets on the home-type of many residential areas.
II. green plants application of the Residential area: garden plants of Hohhot residential area are diverse and rich, cultivated plants, flora and the local flora of similar characteristics, which clearly reflects the characteristics of localism; There are many public green spaces in the small number of species, the large area of Joe grass, shrub-grass modules, such cultivation of the residential area of the plant community structure has a negative effect on the richness and diversity of plants.
III. The planting vegetables structure in the residential area: compared in different types of residential areas, residential areas and the comfortable life of luxury residential area have a more rational green structure than Phase-home residential area. However, residential green planting structure on the whole is not reasonable and not high enough; Green planting structure has a too high or too low proportion, which is inappropriate. Residential area of luxury goods in a reasonable extent should be increased appropriately. Well-off of residential areas should have a reasonable goal. Home-type residential areas should be reasonable as a basic goal of building.
引文
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32 邱玲,邹志荣.浅析居住区绿地文化.西北林学院学报,2006,(21):143-145
33侯慧,张建坤.住宅小区环境设计评价初探.中国园林,2006.10:24-32
34 黄辞海.居住型生态社区的内涵及其指标体系.理论研究,2000(2):10-13
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2 孙樱. 经济全球化与中国国际性经济建设[J] .城市规划汇刊,1999,(3):1-5
3 Cliff Hague,刘宛译.伊斯坦布尔之路:"人居 II"大会对规划师和建筑师的挑战[J].国外城市规划,1998, (2) : 25-29.
4 刘丽.长株潭楼市漫谈[J].株洲房地产,2006, (1) :22-25.
5 张科强.闫杰.把握环境内涵创造高质量居住环境[J].西北工学院学报,2000, (6):21-24.
6 杨晓利.呼和浩特市住宅区绿化效益研究与评价[D]. 内蒙古农业大学,2007. 1-2
7 Brerste,H.Fldmann,O.Ulimann,Urban Ecology[M]. Springerverlag Berlin Heidelberg,1981,1-8
8 周俭. 住宅区户外环境指标的研究[J] . 城市规划汇刊,1999 ,(2) :55-56
9 贺君妍.广州市房地产住宅小区生态绿化的研究[D].华南农业大学硕士学位论文,2003
10黄光宇. 生态规划方法在城市规划中的应用. 国外城市规划,1999,(6) :25-28
11 甘永洪等.城市绿地建设存在的问题与对策[J].漳州师范学院学报(自然科学版),2005(4):81-84
12 周春玲.北京市居住小区绿化的生态效益和美景度评价的研究 [D].北京林业大学博士学位论文,2003
13 屈燕.昆明城市居住区绿化生态效益的研究及景观评价[D].西南林学院硕士学位论文,2004
14 秦华.山城重庆市街绿化景观分析[J].中国园林,2001.(6):57-59
15 贺君妍.广州市房地产住宅小区生态绿化的研究[D].华南农业大学硕士学位论文,2003
16 韩轶.呼和浩特市居住小区园林景观环境的研究[D].内蒙古农业大学硕士学位论文,2000
17 王立红等.绿色住宅概论[M].北京:中国环境出版社,2003:32～33.
18 韩轶、李吉跃,居住小区生态型绿地模式的研究,北京林业大学学报,2002(7):102-106
19 中华人民共和国建设部.园林基本术语标准 CJJ/T91-2002 [S]
20 马锦义.论城市绿地系统的组成与分类 [J] 中国园林,2002, (1) : 23-25.
21 高原荣重.城市绿地规划[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1983, 22-25
22 《呼和浩特市志》[M]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古人民出版社.
23 欧阳勋志. 城市森林绿地建设的生态学思考[J].江西农业大学学报,2002 ,24 (5) :712-741
23 梁永基,王莲清. 居住区园林绿地设计[M] . 北京:中国林业出版社,2001. 53-54
24 建设部住宅产业化促进中心.绿色生态住宅小区建设要点与技术导则.住宅科技,2000(6):3-10
25金涛,杨永胜.居住区环境景观设计与营建[M].北京:中国城市出版社,2003:1-24
26 张科强,闰杰.把握环境内涵创造高质量居住环境[J].西北工学院学报,2000,(6):21-24
27 吴人韦.支持城市生态建设——城市绿地 系统规划专题研究[J].城市规划,2000,24(4):
28 孙敬华等.呼和浩特市园林绿化调查研究.内蒙古林业科技,2000(增刊):100-101.
29 Dresdner AJ.1992. How a municipallity can achieve sustainable development.Environ Manag Rev,26:139-151.
30 黄天其.生态人居环境建设与绿色化学.重庆建筑大学学报,2001(2):41-4331 杨德昭.新社区与新城市;住宅小区的消逝与新社区的崛起.第一版.北京:中国电力出版社,2006,148-158
32 邱玲,邹志荣.浅析居住区绿地文化.西北林学院学报,2006,(21):143-145
33侯慧,张建坤.住宅小区环境设计评价初探.中国园林,2006.10:24-32
34 黄辞海.居住型生态社区的内涵及其指标体系.理论研究,2000(2):10-13
35 杨芸,祝龙彪.建设生态社区的若干思考.重庆环境科学.1999:37-48
36 沈清基.关于生态住区的思考.华中建筑,2000(3):99-101
37 彭健,王仰麟,陈燕飞等.城市生态系统服务功能价值评估初探[J].北京大学学报,2005.(4): 594- 604
38 余世金.城市住区绿化生态性评价方法[J].华侨大学学报(自然科学版),2005.(1):106-109
39 薛达.城市园林绿化指标初探[J].山西林业科技,2001.(12):36-39
40 徐绍明,李宇红.北方居住小区绿地设计[J].中国园林,1996.(3):20-22
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