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内蒙古自治区生物质能源发展模式研究
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摘要
能源安全与危机问题将成为世界经济持续发展的障碍,为了解决能源问题以及实现可持续发展的战略,必须加快开发建设新的可再生的能源,只有这样才能实现世界和我国经济的持续增长。生物质能源是很具有发展空间的一种新型能源类型,内蒙古自治区生物质资源较为丰富,特别是秸秆资源。论文以内蒙古自治区生物质能源为研究对象,主要从战略管理、产业链模式、能耗与排放测算和收集模式四个方面展开生物质能源发展模式的研究:
     1)以秸秆生物质能源产业为例,分析了内蒙古自治区发展秸秆生物质能源产业的宏观环境、行业环境和内部条件;利用EFE矩阵分析了内蒙古自治区发展秸秆生物质能源产业的外部影响因素,采用IFE矩阵分析了该产业的内部条件,制定了该产业发展战略的SWOT分析矩阵。最后从发展策略分析、重点策略和保障措施三方面制定内蒙古自治区秸秆生物质能源产业的战略。
     2)阐述了内蒙古自治区生物质能源产业链的构建原则,分析了内蒙古自治区生物质能源产业发展的一般模式,调查出内蒙古生物质能源产业链存在的主要问题,通过多种方式构建产业链,从经济与技术联系、主导企业识别、运行效果三个角度对该产业链网进行评价,并进行案例分析。
     3)调查了内蒙古自治区秸秆生物质资源的分布状况;将生物质能产品的生命周期分为四个阶段:原料生产、原料收储运、生物质能源制取和产品运输与使用,对微藻制生物柴油、秸秆制燃料乙醇、秸秆制甲醇三种产品的生产过程的能源消耗和排放物进行测算,通过对各个阶段的能耗与排放分析,识别主要耗能阶段及造成能耗的原因,为企业节能减排提供测算依据。
     4)分析了秸秆生物质资源的收集运输成本,主要包括装载费、燃油及与润滑油消耗费、维护费、员工工资、常规管理费用、折旧费六部分组成,描述了该六个指标的计算公式,并以某企业为例,分析其秸秆运输成本。制定了生物质资源收集网络模式,采用重心法进行收集点的选址,并进行案例分析。
Energy security and crisis will become world economy sustainable developmentobstacle, in order to solve the energy problem and realize the sustainable developmentstrategy, we must speed up the development and construction of new renewableenergy, only in this way can we realize the world and China's sustained economicgrowth. Biomass energy is one kind of new energy which has great scope ofdevelopment; Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region has abundant biomass resources,especially straw resource. This paper taked the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regionbiomass energy as the research object; mainly developed biomass energydevelopment mode research from the strategic management, industry chain, energyconsumption and emission calculation and collection mode:
     1) Take straw biomass energy industry as an example, analysed the InnerMongolia Autonomous Region to develop straw biomass energy industry in the macroenvironment, industry environment and internal condition; make use of EFE matrixanalysing straw biomass energy industry development and the external influencefactors in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, using IFE matrix analyzed theindustry's internal conditions, worked out the industrial development strategy SWOTanalysis matrix. Finally, from the analysis of development strategy, focus strategy andsafeguard measures three aspects maked straw biomass energy industry developmentstrategy of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
     2) Elaborated the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region biomass energy industrychain construction principle, analysed the general developing model of biomassenergy industry in Inner MongoliaInner Mongolia Autonomous Region, finded out themain problems existing in the industrial chain, through a variety of ways to build theindustrial chain, appraised the industrial chain from economy and technologyassociation, leading enterprises recognition and operation effect, and analysed from acase.
     3) Invested the straw biomass resource distribution in the the Inner MongoliaAutonomous Region; divided biomass product life cycle into four stages: rawmaterials production, raw materials storage and transportation, biomass energyproduction and product transportation and usage; measured energy consumption andemission from three production process: microalgae biodiesel, straw fuel ethanol,straw methanol. Through the various stages of energy consumption and emission analysis, identified the main energy consumption level and the reasons ofconsumption, provided the calculation basis for enterprise energy-saving emissionreduction.
     4)Analyzed the straw biomass resource collection and transportation costs,including loading charges, fuel and lubricating oil consumption, maintenance cost,staff wages, routine management cost, depreciation six parts, described the six indexcalculation formula, and taked an enterprise as an example, analyzed its strawtransportation cost. Developed biomass collection network model, using gravitymethod choonsing collected site, and maked case analysis.
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