山西省玉米生产现状与发展对策
|
摘要
玉米是山西省重要的饲料、工业原料和粮食作物,是粮食作物中单产最高、增长最快的作物。具有产量高、增产潜力大、适应性强、营养丰富、用途广泛等特点。随着我国畜牧业持续稳定增长,饲料需求量不断增加,以玉米为原料的加工业的发展,也带动了玉米需求量的增加。本研究根据这一需求,开展相关研究,对促进山西省玉米生产的发展、保障我国粮食安全和增加农民收入具有重要意义。研究结果表明:
1.玉米是饲料的主要原料,养殖业是消化玉米的主渠道,玉米生产对促进山西省畜牧业发展、稳定粮食生产、增加农民收入发挥重要作用,具有举足轻重的地位。
2.山西是全国玉米适宜生长区,发展玉米生产具有明显的区域优势,山西省玉米生产可划分为春播特早熟区、春播早熟区、春播中晚熟区、夏播中早熟区四大种植区。
3.山西种植玉米历史较长,其种植面积、总产、单产均居首位,目前已成为山西省第一大粮食作物,在粮食生产中的地位越来越重要,玉米生产水平均衡稳定提高。当前畜牧业和加工业发展迅速,对玉米需求量日益增大,玉米已成为对山西省粮食总产贡献最大的作物。当前玉米生产主要受土地和水资源等自然因素、价格和农民种植积极性等社会因素以及品种和生产技术等技术因素所影响。
4.把玉米生产重要性提高到关系我国粮食安全和增加农民收入上来认识,依靠科技进步,挖掘玉米增产潜力,提高玉米单产水平,大力发展配合饲料工业,稳步发展现代玉米工业,始终把高产稳产多抗广适玉米品种作为推广的首选目标,适当发展专用玉米,组织实施高产竞赛,提高科学技术的贡献率。
Maize is an important feed, raw material for industry and grain crop in Shanxi Province. It is a crop with the highest unit yield and its yield increases more rapidly than other grain crops. It is characterized as high yield, wide adaptability, rich nutrition and multiple uses. With stable and sustainable development of livestock industry in our country, the requirement on feed is increasing. The development of processing industry based on maize materials also promotes the demand on maize. In this case, research has been made. It has great importance for promoting maize production, safeguarding food safety and increasing the farmers’income in Shanxi province. The results are as follows:
1. Maize is the main raw material for animal feed. Livestock raising is the main channel for maize consumption. Maize production in Shanxi province plays an important role in promoting livestock development, stablizing grain production and increasing farmers’income.
2. Shanxi is an area suitable for maize growing, possessing obvious advantages in district, scientific research, extension and policy. Maize production is divided into 4 regions in Shanxi province, such as super early, early, late mature area for spring sowing and medium and early mature area for summer sowing.
3. Shanxi has a long history of maize planting. At present, maize is the first dominant grain crop in the province. Compared with other crops, its planting area, total yield and unit yield take the first placer. Maize is taking important position in grain production and its production is increasing steadily. Rapid development of livestock and processing industry result in great demand on maize. Maize is the first crop that makes the greatest contribution to the total grain yield in Shanxi province. At present, maize production is mainly influenced by natural factors such as land and water resources, social factors such as the sales price and the farmers’enthusiasm and technical factors such as variety and production technology.
4. Maize production is closely related to food safety and farmers’income in Shanxi province. It is suggested that we should take the advantage of scientific advancement to explore maize yield potential, increase unit yield, so as to development compound feed industry and modern maize industry. It is necessary to make high-yielding hybrids as the first target in cultivar extension, plant special maize cultivars in appropriate scale, organize competition for high yielding and improve the contribution of new technology.
1.玉米是饲料的主要原料,养殖业是消化玉米的主渠道,玉米生产对促进山西省畜牧业发展、稳定粮食生产、增加农民收入发挥重要作用,具有举足轻重的地位。
2.山西是全国玉米适宜生长区,发展玉米生产具有明显的区域优势,山西省玉米生产可划分为春播特早熟区、春播早熟区、春播中晚熟区、夏播中早熟区四大种植区。
3.山西种植玉米历史较长,其种植面积、总产、单产均居首位,目前已成为山西省第一大粮食作物,在粮食生产中的地位越来越重要,玉米生产水平均衡稳定提高。当前畜牧业和加工业发展迅速,对玉米需求量日益增大,玉米已成为对山西省粮食总产贡献最大的作物。当前玉米生产主要受土地和水资源等自然因素、价格和农民种植积极性等社会因素以及品种和生产技术等技术因素所影响。
4.把玉米生产重要性提高到关系我国粮食安全和增加农民收入上来认识,依靠科技进步,挖掘玉米增产潜力,提高玉米单产水平,大力发展配合饲料工业,稳步发展现代玉米工业,始终把高产稳产多抗广适玉米品种作为推广的首选目标,适当发展专用玉米,组织实施高产竞赛,提高科学技术的贡献率。
Maize is an important feed, raw material for industry and grain crop in Shanxi Province. It is a crop with the highest unit yield and its yield increases more rapidly than other grain crops. It is characterized as high yield, wide adaptability, rich nutrition and multiple uses. With stable and sustainable development of livestock industry in our country, the requirement on feed is increasing. The development of processing industry based on maize materials also promotes the demand on maize. In this case, research has been made. It has great importance for promoting maize production, safeguarding food safety and increasing the farmers’income in Shanxi province. The results are as follows:
1. Maize is the main raw material for animal feed. Livestock raising is the main channel for maize consumption. Maize production in Shanxi province plays an important role in promoting livestock development, stablizing grain production and increasing farmers’income.
2. Shanxi is an area suitable for maize growing, possessing obvious advantages in district, scientific research, extension and policy. Maize production is divided into 4 regions in Shanxi province, such as super early, early, late mature area for spring sowing and medium and early mature area for summer sowing.
3. Shanxi has a long history of maize planting. At present, maize is the first dominant grain crop in the province. Compared with other crops, its planting area, total yield and unit yield take the first placer. Maize is taking important position in grain production and its production is increasing steadily. Rapid development of livestock and processing industry result in great demand on maize. Maize is the first crop that makes the greatest contribution to the total grain yield in Shanxi province. At present, maize production is mainly influenced by natural factors such as land and water resources, social factors such as the sales price and the farmers’enthusiasm and technical factors such as variety and production technology.
4. Maize production is closely related to food safety and farmers’income in Shanxi province. It is suggested that we should take the advantage of scientific advancement to explore maize yield potential, increase unit yield, so as to development compound feed industry and modern maize industry. It is necessary to make high-yielding hybrids as the first target in cultivar extension, plant special maize cultivars in appropriate scale, organize competition for high yielding and improve the contribution of new technology.
引文
[1] 荣廷昭,李晚忱,潘光堂. 新世纪初我国玉米遗传育种科学技术的思考[J]. 玉米科学,2003,(专刊):42-43 .
[2] 戴景瑞. 浅谈我国玉米育种的目标和发展思路[J]. 中国农业科技导报. 2004, 6(增刊):13-16.
[3] 戴景瑞. 发展玉米育种科学 迎接 21 世纪的挑战[J]. 作物杂志,1998, (6): 1-4.
[4] 戴景瑞. 我国玉米遗传育种的回顾与展望[C]. 21 世纪玉米遗传育种展望—玉米遗传育种国际学术讨论会论文集. 2000, 1-6.
[5] 刘新录. 优化布局 狠抓重点,全面提高我国玉米产业市场竞争力[J]. 玉米科学,2003,(专刊):3-7.
[6] 黄季焜. 必需的代价—加入世贸组织对中国粮食市场的影响. 国际贸易,1998, (11): 10-12.
[7] 赵克明. 关于我国玉米生产发展问题的看法[J]. 玉米科学,2003,(专刊):24-25.
[8] 佟屏亚. 确立玉米在饲料中的主导地位[J]. 中国农业资源区划,1995, (3): 24-27.
[9] 薛吉全,任建宏. 发挥玉米经济优势,促进农业结构调整[J]. 陕西农业科学,2001, (5): 31-38.
[10] 王群,郝四平,栾丽敏等. 玉米、花生叶片光合效率比较分析[J]. 河南农业大学学报,2004, 38(3): 243-248.
[11] 杨庆才. 发展玉米产业经济的主攻方向是实现高产量、高质量、高效益[J]. 玉米科学,2003,(专刊):8-14.
[12]郭庆法,王庆成,汪黎明主编. 中国玉米栽培学[M]. 上海:上海科学技术出版社,2004.
[13]宋同明. 迎接高油玉米新世纪[J]. 种子科技,2001, (5): 279-280.
[14]杨镇,李刚,刘晓丽等.特用玉米的经济价值及发展策略[J]. 杂粮作物,2003, 23(3): 142-143.
[15]龙志长,段盛荣,龙晖等. 湖南省春玉米生育气候条件分析及种植区划[J]. 作物研究,2005, 19(2): 83-86.
[16]马晓旭. 新形势下我国玉米产业发展的策略探讨[J]. 陕西农业科学,2004, (6): 57-59.
[17]袁建华,颜伟,陈艳萍等. 南方丘陵生态区玉米生产现状及发展对策[J]. 玉米科学,2003(,专刊):29-31.
[18]许崇香,左淑珍,王红霞. 我国玉米生产面临的问题及发展对策[J]. 现代化农业,2004, (9): 14-15.
[19]戴杜,刘荣厚,浦耿强等. 中国生物质燃料乙醇项目能量生产效率评估[J]. 农业工程学报,2005, 21(11): 121-123.
[20]杜纪斌. 开发高油玉米前景广阔[J]. 河北农业科技,1994, (2): 11.
[21]刘学玲,滕文星,张晓冰. 快速发展高油玉米[J]. 农业与技术,2000,20 (1): 59-60.
[22]宋同明. 积极发展高油玉米[J]. 山西农业科学,1990, (8): 17-20.
[23]薛亚杰,张宝石. 高油玉米育种及应用[J]. 国外农学-杂粮作物,1992, (6): 11-14.
[24]张中东,惠国强,张红梅等. 玉米的营养及药用价值研究进展[J]. 玉米科学,2006, 14 (3): 173-176.
[25]石明亮,朱国强,陈桂银等. 玉米的药用价值及其产业化开发应用[J]. 中国食物与营养,2004, (12): 23-25.
[26]王留梅. 河南玉米产业现状与发展对策[J]. 中国种业,2006, (6): 24-25.
[27]曾青,朱建国,刘刚等. 开放式空气CO2浓度增高条件下C3作物(水稻)与C4杂草(稗草)的竞争关系[J]. 应用生态学报,2002, 13(10):1231-1234.
[28]赵克明. 从山西省玉米发展状况浅议超级玉米[J]. 玉米科学,2006, 14(1): 165-167.
[29]宋同明. 发展我国特用玉米产业的意义、潜力与前景[J]. 玉米科学,1996, 4 (4): 6-11.
[30]王新安,郑戈文. 对山西杂交玉米制种产业现状的思考 [J]. 山西农业科学,2006, 34(3): 21-23.
[31]贾明进,张享禄. 山西玉米品种志[M]. 北京:中国农业出版社,2003.
[32]彭锁堂. 山西玉米种子生产现状与对策[J]. 山西农业大学学报,1999,19(2): 109-111.
[33]杨志跃. 山西玉米种植区划研究[J]. 山西农业大学学报,2005, 25(3): 223-227.
[34]刘德宝. 山西玉米[M]. 太原:山西科学技术出版社,2002.
[35]贾晓红. 对发展忻州玉米产业的思考[J]. 山西农业科学,2006, 34(4): 18-21.
[36]刘永忠,李万星,靳鲲鹏. 山西玉米生产现状、优势及发展对策[J]. 山西农业科学,2005, 33(2): 11-13.
[37]陶毓汾,王立祥,韩仕峰. 中国北方旱农地区水分生产潜力与开发[M]. 北京:气象出版社,1993.
[38]张明峰,祁双贵. 美国玉米生产发展概况[J]. 作物杂志,1996, (1): 37-39.
[39]郭晓明. 黑龙江省玉米生产现状及发展对策[J]. 黑龙江农业科学,2006, (4): 39-41.
[40]邵素英. 山东省玉米生产现状与科技对策[J]. 山东省农业管理干部学院学报,2002, 18(4): 28-29.
[41]吴永常,马忠玉,王东阳等. 我国玉米品种改良在增产中的贡献分析[J]. 作物学报,1998, 24(5): 595-599.
[42]CSSA Special Publication Number 7. Genetic contributions to yield grains of live major crop plants[R]. 1984, 15-47, 75-86.
[43]Duvick D N. Genetic rates of gain in hybrid maize yields during the past 40 years [J]. Maydica, 1977, 22: 187-196.
[44]佟屏亚. 关于中国玉米生产和种业发展形式对话录[J]. 中国种业,2003, (6): 17-19.
[45]岳秀荣,王运智,张功礼. 我国玉米生产消费现状和新品种推广趋势浅析[J]. 中国种业,2006, (3): 8-9.
[46]梁晓玲. 青贮玉米育种与生产[J]. 玉米科学,2003,(专刊):73-76.
[2] 戴景瑞. 浅谈我国玉米育种的目标和发展思路[J]. 中国农业科技导报. 2004, 6(增刊):13-16.
[3] 戴景瑞. 发展玉米育种科学 迎接 21 世纪的挑战[J]. 作物杂志,1998, (6): 1-4.
[4] 戴景瑞. 我国玉米遗传育种的回顾与展望[C]. 21 世纪玉米遗传育种展望—玉米遗传育种国际学术讨论会论文集. 2000, 1-6.
[5] 刘新录. 优化布局 狠抓重点,全面提高我国玉米产业市场竞争力[J]. 玉米科学,2003,(专刊):3-7.
[6] 黄季焜. 必需的代价—加入世贸组织对中国粮食市场的影响. 国际贸易,1998, (11): 10-12.
[7] 赵克明. 关于我国玉米生产发展问题的看法[J]. 玉米科学,2003,(专刊):24-25.
[8] 佟屏亚. 确立玉米在饲料中的主导地位[J]. 中国农业资源区划,1995, (3): 24-27.
[9] 薛吉全,任建宏. 发挥玉米经济优势,促进农业结构调整[J]. 陕西农业科学,2001, (5): 31-38.
[10] 王群,郝四平,栾丽敏等. 玉米、花生叶片光合效率比较分析[J]. 河南农业大学学报,2004, 38(3): 243-248.
[11] 杨庆才. 发展玉米产业经济的主攻方向是实现高产量、高质量、高效益[J]. 玉米科学,2003,(专刊):8-14.
[12]郭庆法,王庆成,汪黎明主编. 中国玉米栽培学[M]. 上海:上海科学技术出版社,2004.
[13]宋同明. 迎接高油玉米新世纪[J]. 种子科技,2001, (5): 279-280.
[14]杨镇,李刚,刘晓丽等.特用玉米的经济价值及发展策略[J]. 杂粮作物,2003, 23(3): 142-143.
[15]龙志长,段盛荣,龙晖等. 湖南省春玉米生育气候条件分析及种植区划[J]. 作物研究,2005, 19(2): 83-86.
[16]马晓旭. 新形势下我国玉米产业发展的策略探讨[J]. 陕西农业科学,2004, (6): 57-59.
[17]袁建华,颜伟,陈艳萍等. 南方丘陵生态区玉米生产现状及发展对策[J]. 玉米科学,2003(,专刊):29-31.
[18]许崇香,左淑珍,王红霞. 我国玉米生产面临的问题及发展对策[J]. 现代化农业,2004, (9): 14-15.
[19]戴杜,刘荣厚,浦耿强等. 中国生物质燃料乙醇项目能量生产效率评估[J]. 农业工程学报,2005, 21(11): 121-123.
[20]杜纪斌. 开发高油玉米前景广阔[J]. 河北农业科技,1994, (2): 11.
[21]刘学玲,滕文星,张晓冰. 快速发展高油玉米[J]. 农业与技术,2000,20 (1): 59-60.
[22]宋同明. 积极发展高油玉米[J]. 山西农业科学,1990, (8): 17-20.
[23]薛亚杰,张宝石. 高油玉米育种及应用[J]. 国外农学-杂粮作物,1992, (6): 11-14.
[24]张中东,惠国强,张红梅等. 玉米的营养及药用价值研究进展[J]. 玉米科学,2006, 14 (3): 173-176.
[25]石明亮,朱国强,陈桂银等. 玉米的药用价值及其产业化开发应用[J]. 中国食物与营养,2004, (12): 23-25.
[26]王留梅. 河南玉米产业现状与发展对策[J]. 中国种业,2006, (6): 24-25.
[27]曾青,朱建国,刘刚等. 开放式空气CO2浓度增高条件下C3作物(水稻)与C4杂草(稗草)的竞争关系[J]. 应用生态学报,2002, 13(10):1231-1234.
[28]赵克明. 从山西省玉米发展状况浅议超级玉米[J]. 玉米科学,2006, 14(1): 165-167.
[29]宋同明. 发展我国特用玉米产业的意义、潜力与前景[J]. 玉米科学,1996, 4 (4): 6-11.
[30]王新安,郑戈文. 对山西杂交玉米制种产业现状的思考 [J]. 山西农业科学,2006, 34(3): 21-23.
[31]贾明进,张享禄. 山西玉米品种志[M]. 北京:中国农业出版社,2003.
[32]彭锁堂. 山西玉米种子生产现状与对策[J]. 山西农业大学学报,1999,19(2): 109-111.
[33]杨志跃. 山西玉米种植区划研究[J]. 山西农业大学学报,2005, 25(3): 223-227.
[34]刘德宝. 山西玉米[M]. 太原:山西科学技术出版社,2002.
[35]贾晓红. 对发展忻州玉米产业的思考[J]. 山西农业科学,2006, 34(4): 18-21.
[36]刘永忠,李万星,靳鲲鹏. 山西玉米生产现状、优势及发展对策[J]. 山西农业科学,2005, 33(2): 11-13.
[37]陶毓汾,王立祥,韩仕峰. 中国北方旱农地区水分生产潜力与开发[M]. 北京:气象出版社,1993.
[38]张明峰,祁双贵. 美国玉米生产发展概况[J]. 作物杂志,1996, (1): 37-39.
[39]郭晓明. 黑龙江省玉米生产现状及发展对策[J]. 黑龙江农业科学,2006, (4): 39-41.
[40]邵素英. 山东省玉米生产现状与科技对策[J]. 山东省农业管理干部学院学报,2002, 18(4): 28-29.
[41]吴永常,马忠玉,王东阳等. 我国玉米品种改良在增产中的贡献分析[J]. 作物学报,1998, 24(5): 595-599.
[42]CSSA Special Publication Number 7. Genetic contributions to yield grains of live major crop plants[R]. 1984, 15-47, 75-86.
[43]Duvick D N. Genetic rates of gain in hybrid maize yields during the past 40 years [J]. Maydica, 1977, 22: 187-196.
[44]佟屏亚. 关于中国玉米生产和种业发展形式对话录[J]. 中国种业,2003, (6): 17-19.
[45]岳秀荣,王运智,张功礼. 我国玉米生产消费现状和新品种推广趋势浅析[J]. 中国种业,2006, (3): 8-9.
[46]梁晓玲. 青贮玉米育种与生产[J]. 玉米科学,2003,(专刊):73-76.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |