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三元复合稀土钨电极的加工工艺研究
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摘要
摘要
    本论文深入研究了三元复合稀土钨电极的加工工艺参数、显微组织和加工性能
    之间的关系,确定了电极在塑性加工中需要控制的关键工序和关键加工工艺参数,
    为制定合理的复合稀土钨电极加工工艺,提高产品的成品率提供依据。
    三元复合稀土钨电极是一种新开发的绿色电极产品,具有优异的综合焊接性能,
    因此最有希望替代有放射性污染的 W-Th 电极,但由于复合添加了三种稀土成分,给
    工业生产的加工工艺带来了一些新的问题,尤其是使得电极在旋锻开坯和拉丝加工
    工序中的产品成品率显著下降。为此,在本论文研究中按照旋锻加工的温度和道次
    变形量的不同,设计了两种加工工艺,并在工业生产的条件下进行了加工工艺试验,
    得到不同的加工成品率。在电极塑性加工过程的各个阶段综合运用光学金相显微术、
    扫描电子显微术及 X 射线衍射分析等手段对加工得到的电极材料进行了显微组织的
    分析,发现在两种加工工艺中形成了具有不同特征的纤维组织。其中加工性能好的
    加工工艺中,纤维化组织的纤维宽度均匀,纤维之间排列整齐。在加工性较差的工
    艺中,得到的纤维组织中纤维宽度差别较大,且排列不整齐。所以,加工参数的不
    同形成了不同的显微组织,从而具有不同的加工性能和成品率。
    通过调整旋锻加工的工艺参数,提高了三元复合稀土钨电极生产的成品率。对
    工业生产的电极进行了焊接性能测试,结果表明达到了实验室研究的水平,可以作
    为替代 W-Th 电极的新型绿色电极产品应用在惰性气体保护焊接和等离子体技术等
    领域。因此本论文的研究结论认为,通过制定合理的加工工艺可以实现三元复合稀
    土钨电极的工业生产和应用,产生良好的经济效益和社会效益。
In this thesis, the relationship among the processing parameters of the tungsten
    electrode doped with three rare-earth oxides, microstructure and its deforming ability is
    carefully studied. Reasonable processing technology is determined, so that the rate of
    failure of processing is decreased.
     The tungsten electrode doped with three rare-earth oxides has outstanding hot electron
    emission ability and has no radioactivity harm, so that it can be used as a kind of green
    welding material. However, due to its different compound from other traditional weld
    materials, some difficulties have to be overcome in the processing under the condition of
    industry. In this research, two processing routes are designed according to the difference
    of the processing temperature and deforming rate, which are proved to be different in the
    processing failure rate. And the different microstructures are discovered in the electrodes
    produced according to different processing parameters by means of OM, SEM, XRD,
    EDAX. The character of the microstructure of the electrode which has lower failure rate is
    that the fabric-shape grains are long and orderly arranged. The experiments showed that
    the processing parameters can affect the microstructure and the processing failure rate as
    well.
     Through our research, the processing failure rate is significantly decreased by
    adjusting the processing parameters. And the arc properties of the tungsten electrode
    doped with three rare-earth oxides produced in the factory are tested under the condition
    of national standard. The study proved that the tungsten electrode doped with three
    rare-earth oxides can be produced and applied in industry.
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