煤矿应急管理能力评价及提升研究
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摘要
煤炭资源是我国重要的基础能源和原材料，近十年的快速发展，我国煤炭工业取得了显著成绩，安全生产状况有了较大改善，但是总体而言，煤矿安全管理水平依然不高，与之相适应的煤矿应急管理理论研究仍需完善，特别是在煤矿应急管理能力及其评价方面的理论研究不够。本文在分析2001~2013年期间我国煤矿事故基础上，结合煤矿安全生产特点，综合运用文献研究、问卷调查、因子分析、模糊数学等相关理论与方法，煤矿事故特征、事故致因要素、应急管理能力指标体系、应急管理能力评价模型、应急管理能力提升策略及保障等方面展开研究，主要取得了以下研究成果：
（1）梳理了煤矿事故相关概念及煤矿事故的分类标准，界定了煤矿应急管理能力等概念；分析了2001~2013年期间我国煤矿事故状况与趋势，研究得出煤矿事故具有宏微观双重特征；根据事故致因理论等相关研究，分析得出煤矿事故致因要素。
（2）以煤矿事故致因要素为视角构建了煤矿应急管理能力指标。采用文献研究、调查问卷、因子分析、回归分析等方法提炼出人员组织、预案制度、资源保障、监测控制、指挥协调、恢复总结6项一级指标及其对应的26项二级指标，并对这些指标进行了界定和验证，构建出了煤矿应急管理能力指标体系。
（3）通过煤炭企业深度访谈、专家意见征询，设计了煤矿应急管理能力指标评价标准；提出了基于集值统计的三角模糊数指标定权方法，并通过问卷调查法获取基础数据，将其运用于煤矿应急管理能力指标权重的计算；在上述基础上，构建了煤矿应急管理能力评价的多级模糊综合评价模型。
（4）根据构建的煤矿应急管理能力指标体系，从人员组织、预案制度、资源保障、监测控制、指挥协调、恢复总结六个方面提出了煤矿应急管理能力提升的内部策略，从法规政策、行业管理、小煤矿控制、缓解经营压力、监察执法等方面提出了外部保障建议。
（5）选取了某能源集团下属的两个生产煤矿作为研究对象，运用本文构建的煤矿应急管理能力评价模型对两个煤矿进行了综合评价，分析得出各煤矿应急管理的总体水平，并且发现这两个煤矿应急管理存在的主要问题均是“指挥协调”能力不高，据此，提出了具体建议。
上述研究成果，补充和完善了煤矿应急管理能力的相关研究理论，对我国煤矿加强应急管理工作，避免事故频发具有重要的参考价值。同时，为政府有关部门评估煤矿应急管理水平提供了理论依据。
Coal resource is an important foundation for energy and raw materials. China's coalindustry has made remarkable achievements after nearly a decade of rapid development.Production safety in mining has greatly improved. But all in all, the level of safetymanagement in coal mine is not good enough and studying of emergency management theoryis still needed, especially on the theory of emergency management capability and itsevaluation methods. This paper analyzes China's coal mine accidents during2001to2013.Based on that, combining with coal mine production safety features, applying the theory ofliterature searches, surveys, factor analysis, fuzzy math etc., coal mine accident features,accident causing factors, emergency management capability indicator system, the evaluationmodel and its improving strategy are studied. The primary works and conclusions are:
(1) Combed mine accidents related concepts and classification of coal mine accidents,proposed the objective and subjective perspective of the mine accident causation classification;defined the concept of coal mine emergency management and its capability; analyzed China’scoal mine accidents during2001to2013, concluded that coal mine accidents has the doublefeature; based on accident causation theory, concluded the coal mine accident causationfactors.
(2) Built the emergency management capability indicators for coal mine from theperspective of accident causing factors. Staff and organization, plan and system, resource andprotection, monitor and control, command and coordination, recovery and summary arechosen by applying the theory of literature search, questionnaires, factor analysis, andregression analysis. Those primary class indicators and its corresponding secondary indicatorsare defined and tested.
(3) Designed a set of criteria of emergency management capability index evaluation incoal mine by depth interview with coal enterprises and expert consultant; Fuzzy math theory is applied on the calculating indicator weights of emergency management capability by use ofquestionnaire survey. Weights of primary and secondary class indicators are calculated in theemergency management capability system. Based on above, built a multi-level fuzzycomprehensive evaluation model for coal mine emergency management capabilityassessment.
(4) According to the index system of coal mine emergency management capability,internal strategies for improving emergency management capability are suggested from sixaspects of staff and organization, plan and system, resource and protection, monitor andcontrol, command and coordination, recovery and summary. Meanwhile, suggestions areproposed from aspects of regulations and policies, trade management, small coal minescontrol, coal enterprise management, supervision and law enforcement etc.
(5) Selected two coal mines in an energy group as the research object and the emergencymanagement capability are evaluated by applying the built capability evaluation index system.Analyzed and concluded the overall level of emergency management capability in coal mines.Then found the main problem of emergency management in two mines is that the level ofcommand and coordination is falling behind. And improved suggestions are proposed in thepaper.
Above research results supplied and improved the related theory of coal mine emergencymanagement. It has an important practical significance for strengthening emergencymanagement work, avoiding and responding to coal mine accident. At the same time,provided a theoretical basis for government departments to assess the level of coal mineemergency management, and promoting China's coal industry development.
（1）梳理了煤矿事故相关概念及煤矿事故的分类标准，界定了煤矿应急管理能力等概念；分析了2001~2013年期间我国煤矿事故状况与趋势，研究得出煤矿事故具有宏微观双重特征；根据事故致因理论等相关研究，分析得出煤矿事故致因要素。
（2）以煤矿事故致因要素为视角构建了煤矿应急管理能力指标。采用文献研究、调查问卷、因子分析、回归分析等方法提炼出人员组织、预案制度、资源保障、监测控制、指挥协调、恢复总结6项一级指标及其对应的26项二级指标，并对这些指标进行了界定和验证，构建出了煤矿应急管理能力指标体系。
（3）通过煤炭企业深度访谈、专家意见征询，设计了煤矿应急管理能力指标评价标准；提出了基于集值统计的三角模糊数指标定权方法，并通过问卷调查法获取基础数据，将其运用于煤矿应急管理能力指标权重的计算；在上述基础上，构建了煤矿应急管理能力评价的多级模糊综合评价模型。
（4）根据构建的煤矿应急管理能力指标体系，从人员组织、预案制度、资源保障、监测控制、指挥协调、恢复总结六个方面提出了煤矿应急管理能力提升的内部策略，从法规政策、行业管理、小煤矿控制、缓解经营压力、监察执法等方面提出了外部保障建议。
（5）选取了某能源集团下属的两个生产煤矿作为研究对象，运用本文构建的煤矿应急管理能力评价模型对两个煤矿进行了综合评价，分析得出各煤矿应急管理的总体水平，并且发现这两个煤矿应急管理存在的主要问题均是“指挥协调”能力不高，据此，提出了具体建议。
上述研究成果，补充和完善了煤矿应急管理能力的相关研究理论，对我国煤矿加强应急管理工作，避免事故频发具有重要的参考价值。同时，为政府有关部门评估煤矿应急管理水平提供了理论依据。
Coal resource is an important foundation for energy and raw materials. China's coalindustry has made remarkable achievements after nearly a decade of rapid development.Production safety in mining has greatly improved. But all in all, the level of safetymanagement in coal mine is not good enough and studying of emergency management theoryis still needed, especially on the theory of emergency management capability and itsevaluation methods. This paper analyzes China's coal mine accidents during2001to2013.Based on that, combining with coal mine production safety features, applying the theory ofliterature searches, surveys, factor analysis, fuzzy math etc., coal mine accident features,accident causing factors, emergency management capability indicator system, the evaluationmodel and its improving strategy are studied. The primary works and conclusions are:
(1) Combed mine accidents related concepts and classification of coal mine accidents,proposed the objective and subjective perspective of the mine accident causation classification;defined the concept of coal mine emergency management and its capability; analyzed China’scoal mine accidents during2001to2013, concluded that coal mine accidents has the doublefeature; based on accident causation theory, concluded the coal mine accident causationfactors.
(2) Built the emergency management capability indicators for coal mine from theperspective of accident causing factors. Staff and organization, plan and system, resource andprotection, monitor and control, command and coordination, recovery and summary arechosen by applying the theory of literature search, questionnaires, factor analysis, andregression analysis. Those primary class indicators and its corresponding secondary indicatorsare defined and tested.
(3) Designed a set of criteria of emergency management capability index evaluation incoal mine by depth interview with coal enterprises and expert consultant; Fuzzy math theory is applied on the calculating indicator weights of emergency management capability by use ofquestionnaire survey. Weights of primary and secondary class indicators are calculated in theemergency management capability system. Based on above, built a multi-level fuzzycomprehensive evaluation model for coal mine emergency management capabilityassessment.
(4) According to the index system of coal mine emergency management capability,internal strategies for improving emergency management capability are suggested from sixaspects of staff and organization, plan and system, resource and protection, monitor andcontrol, command and coordination, recovery and summary. Meanwhile, suggestions areproposed from aspects of regulations and policies, trade management, small coal minescontrol, coal enterprise management, supervision and law enforcement etc.
(5) Selected two coal mines in an energy group as the research object and the emergencymanagement capability are evaluated by applying the built capability evaluation index system.Analyzed and concluded the overall level of emergency management capability in coal mines.Then found the main problem of emergency management in two mines is that the level ofcommand and coordination is falling behind. And improved suggestions are proposed in thepaper.
Above research results supplied and improved the related theory of coal mine emergencymanagement. It has an important practical significance for strengthening emergencymanagement work, avoiding and responding to coal mine accident. At the same time,provided a theoretical basis for government departments to assess the level of coal mineemergency management, and promoting China's coal industry development.
引文
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