单向通信汽车轮胎压力监测系统研究与开发
摘要
汽车轮胎压力监测系统(TPMS)是继ABS、安全气囊后第三个重要的汽车安全电子产品,用于在汽车行驶过程中对轮胎气压、温度进行实时自动监测,并对出现的异常情况进行实时报警,是一种行车安全保障预警系统。
单向通信TPMS由安装在每个轮胎内的检测发射模块(称为轮胎模块)和安装在驾驶室的接收显示模块(称为监视模块)组成。轮胎模块将胎内压力、温度检测值用射频无线通信方式传送给监视模块;监视模块显示各轮胎的压力、温度值,并在压力、温度异常时发出报警。
本文以研制适合于中、低档轿车的单向通信TPMS产品样机为目标,紧密围绕通信可靠性和低功耗这两个单向通信TPMS的关键技术问题,在对相关理论与实现技术进行详细分析和研究的基础上,对已有的产品原理样机进行了改进设计,提出了基于MPXY8020传感器、PIC16F636微控制器和MAX1479射频发射芯片的新的轮胎模块方案和基于MC33594射频接收芯片、MC68HC908GZ16微控制器和点阵液晶屏的监视模块方案。论文介绍了所采用的射频通信方案和降低功耗措施,分析了硬件电路设计、软件算法与程序设计中的相关技术问题,给出了有关的实验、样机测试与行车试验数据。
实验结果表明,与现有样机相比,本课题所完成的轮胎模块的发射功率明显提高,模块功耗显著降低。该TPMS产品原理样机达到了可靠性高、功耗低、性价比高的设计目标,可以作为一般轻型汽车使用的TPMS方案进行产品开发。
Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) is the third important electronic product of Auto safety after ABS and safety airbag. It is used to monitor the in-tire pressure and temperature when running and alarms the car driver when they are unnomal. And it is an early warning system to keep the driving safety.
The simplex TPMS is composed of monitoring and transmitting module (tire module) installed in each of tire and receiving and displaying module (monitor module) installed in the cab. The pressure and temperature measured in the tire are transmitted to the monitor module by wireless RF communication, and then they are displayed on the monitors.
Developing a simplex communication product phototype suitable for middle and low-end car is regarded as the goal in this paper, and discusses about the key technology points that reliability of communication and low power of simplex TPMS. On the basis of reseaching related theories and realization technique and improving the existed phototype a new tire nodule scheme based on MPXY8020 sensor, PIC16F636 MCU, MAX1479 RF transmitter and monitor module scheme based on MC33594 RF receiver, MC68HC908GZ16 MCU,LCD are proposed. The RF communication scheme and measures to reduce power consumption are introduced and some technical problems such as circuit design of hardware, software algorithms, programming are analyzed in this paper. At last the paper gives the data of experiments, phototype test and running test.
The testing results show that, the transmit power of the tire module developed in the project is greatly improved and the power consumption is obviously lower compared with the existed phototype, and the TPMS product phototype reached the requirements of design about high reliability, low power amd high performance price. It could be used as a product prototype scheme of product development meeting the application in the light vehicle.
单向通信TPMS由安装在每个轮胎内的检测发射模块(称为轮胎模块)和安装在驾驶室的接收显示模块(称为监视模块)组成。轮胎模块将胎内压力、温度检测值用射频无线通信方式传送给监视模块;监视模块显示各轮胎的压力、温度值,并在压力、温度异常时发出报警。
本文以研制适合于中、低档轿车的单向通信TPMS产品样机为目标,紧密围绕通信可靠性和低功耗这两个单向通信TPMS的关键技术问题,在对相关理论与实现技术进行详细分析和研究的基础上,对已有的产品原理样机进行了改进设计,提出了基于MPXY8020传感器、PIC16F636微控制器和MAX1479射频发射芯片的新的轮胎模块方案和基于MC33594射频接收芯片、MC68HC908GZ16微控制器和点阵液晶屏的监视模块方案。论文介绍了所采用的射频通信方案和降低功耗措施,分析了硬件电路设计、软件算法与程序设计中的相关技术问题,给出了有关的实验、样机测试与行车试验数据。
实验结果表明,与现有样机相比,本课题所完成的轮胎模块的发射功率明显提高,模块功耗显著降低。该TPMS产品原理样机达到了可靠性高、功耗低、性价比高的设计目标,可以作为一般轻型汽车使用的TPMS方案进行产品开发。
Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) is the third important electronic product of Auto safety after ABS and safety airbag. It is used to monitor the in-tire pressure and temperature when running and alarms the car driver when they are unnomal. And it is an early warning system to keep the driving safety.
The simplex TPMS is composed of monitoring and transmitting module (tire module) installed in each of tire and receiving and displaying module (monitor module) installed in the cab. The pressure and temperature measured in the tire are transmitted to the monitor module by wireless RF communication, and then they are displayed on the monitors.
Developing a simplex communication product phototype suitable for middle and low-end car is regarded as the goal in this paper, and discusses about the key technology points that reliability of communication and low power of simplex TPMS. On the basis of reseaching related theories and realization technique and improving the existed phototype a new tire nodule scheme based on MPXY8020 sensor, PIC16F636 MCU, MAX1479 RF transmitter and monitor module scheme based on MC33594 RF receiver, MC68HC908GZ16 MCU,LCD are proposed. The RF communication scheme and measures to reduce power consumption are introduced and some technical problems such as circuit design of hardware, software algorithms, programming are analyzed in this paper. At last the paper gives the data of experiments, phototype test and running test.
The testing results show that, the transmit power of the tire module developed in the project is greatly improved and the power consumption is obviously lower compared with the existed phototype, and the TPMS product phototype reached the requirements of design about high reliability, low power amd high performance price. It could be used as a product prototype scheme of product development meeting the application in the light vehicle.
引文
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[2]汽车轮胎压力监测技术与交通事故预防[EB/OL], http://www.ctstc.org.cn/wz.aspx?id=680,2007.03.
[3]美国法规及标准[EB/OL], http://www.entiresafe.cn/baotai.htm, 2008.01.
[4]庄继德著.现代汽车轮胎技术[M],北京:北京理工大学出版社2001: 175-176.
[5]罗小青.高速公路上的爆胎原因及预防措施[J],公路与汽运, 2001年4月第2期: 17-18.
[6]李新德,申超英.影响轮胎使用寿命的因素及对策[J],工程机械与维修, 2001年4月第2期: 139-141.
[7]桑永福.浅析影响汽车轮胎爆胎的因素[J],江苏交通,2002年第4期: 36-37.
[8]胡青训,何仁,薛翔.汽车轮胎气压监测系统开发现状与展望[EB/OL], http://ae.nstl.gov.cn/commChannel/content.asp?contentid=115798 2006.06.
[9] TPMS技术发展现状与趋势[EB/OL], http://www.ic37.com/document/21329.htm,2007.08.
[10]胎压监测系统(TPMS)技术与设计考虑[EB/OL], http://www.autoelectronics.eetchina.com /ART_8800434908_2100005_12280087200609.HTM,2006.09.
[11] Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. MPXY8300TPMSFS, http://www.freescale.com.cn/products/sensors/MPXY8300.asp,2008.01.
[12] 2006-2007年TPMS产业研究报告[EB/OL], http://www.pday.com.cn/research/2006/6332_TPMS.htm, 2007.05.
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[14]李威,尹术飞. TPMS的无源化发展方向研究[J],重型汽车, 2005.05: 14-16
[15] INTRON TECHNOLOGY(CHINA) LTD.直接式TPMS系统结构分析http://www.intron-tech.com/ic/main/download/default.aspx 2008.03.
[16] Microchip Technology Inc. Tire Pressure Monitoring System User's Guide [EB/OL], http://microchip.com/stellent/idcplg?IdcService=SS_GET_PAGE&nodeId=1406&dDocName=en028148, 2006.09.
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[18]徐家恺,沈庆宏,阮雅端编著.通信原理教程[M],第一版,北京:科学出版社,2003.08: 171-190.
[19]宋铮,张建华,黄冶编著,天线与电波传播[M],第一版,西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2003.07:76-84.
[20]林昌禄,陈海,吴为公,近代天线设计[M],第一版,北京:人民邮电出版社,1990: 320-322.
[21] Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. MC68HC908RF2 Datasheet Rev.4, 2004.05.
[22] Atmel Corporation. ATA5756&5757 RF trasmetter datasheet, 2004.
[23] Infineon Technologies AG. ASK/FSK Transmitter 868/433 MHz, 2002.10.
[24] MAXIM Inc.300MHz to 450MHz Low-Power,Crystal-Based +10dBm ASK/FSK Transmitter, 2004.08.
[25] Microchip Technology Inc. PIC16F635_636_639单片机数据手册,2005.
[26] Infineon. SP12 Datasheet .
[27] Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. MPXY8020A Datasheet.
[28]张健,刘永民,嵌入式系统低功耗电路设计[J],光电技术应用,2005年12月第20卷第6期: 56-59.
[29]唐志芳,时海涛.系统级动态电源管理算法的研究.计算机工程与应用,2005年06月.
[30]黄智伟编著.无线数字收发电路设计[M],第一版,北京:电子工业出版社, 2003.05.
[31]于志远等译. [美]C.A.巴拉尼斯著,天线理论——分析与设计(上)[M],第一版,北京:电子工业出版社,1988: 140-142.
[32]周斌,刘其中,郭景丽.螺旋天线的快速分析及宽带化设计[J],电波科学学报,2005年10月第20卷第5期: 647-650.
[33]黎安尧等译. [美]陈惠开著,宽带匹配网络的理论与设计[M],北京:人民邮电出版社,1988.
[34] Svein Vetti, Chipcon AS. TPMS and RKE Operating In The Same ISM Frequency Band[J],EPN Automotive Electronics. May 2003.
[35] Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. MC68HC908GZ16 Datasheet Rev.0, 2003.02.
[36] Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. MC33594 Datasheet, 2002.
[37] LCD module specification model:LG192641-SFDYH6V,2005.03.
[38] XICOR Inc.X5043/X5045 datasheet,2001.
[39] Laurent Gauthier. A Receiver Using Remeo2[Z], Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. AN2830 Rev.0, 2004.09.
[40] Laurent Gauthier. Choosing Components for an RF Receiver Using Romeo2[Z], Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. AN2610 Rev.1, 2004.09.
[41]吴建辉,茅洁.射频电路PCB设计[J],电子工艺技术,2003年第1期: 19-21.
[42]朱红兵,宋宁华.射频电路PCB设计和电磁兼容[J],试验技术与试验机,2005年第45卷第1-2期: 58-61.
[43]范勇.单向通信汽车轮胎压力监测系统设计及实现技术研究[D],重庆,重庆大学,2007.04
[44] Ador Reodique. MPXY8000 Series Tire Pressure Monitoring Sensor [Z], Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. AN1954/D Rev 2, 2003.05.
[45]张明锋.PIC单片机C语言教程,上海,2004.07.
[46] Microchip Technology Inc. ICD2在线调试器用户指南,2004.
[47]谢瑞和,杨明编著. Motorola 68HC08微控制器与嵌入式系统基础[M],第一版,北京:清华大学出版社, 2003.11.
[48] P&E Microcomputer Systems. Inc.USB-ML-MON08 Rev D Technical Summary[Z], Document #PE3357, Version 1.01.
[2]汽车轮胎压力监测技术与交通事故预防[EB/OL], http://www.ctstc.org.cn/wz.aspx?id=680,2007.03.
[3]美国法规及标准[EB/OL], http://www.entiresafe.cn/baotai.htm, 2008.01.
[4]庄继德著.现代汽车轮胎技术[M],北京:北京理工大学出版社2001: 175-176.
[5]罗小青.高速公路上的爆胎原因及预防措施[J],公路与汽运, 2001年4月第2期: 17-18.
[6]李新德,申超英.影响轮胎使用寿命的因素及对策[J],工程机械与维修, 2001年4月第2期: 139-141.
[7]桑永福.浅析影响汽车轮胎爆胎的因素[J],江苏交通,2002年第4期: 36-37.
[8]胡青训,何仁,薛翔.汽车轮胎气压监测系统开发现状与展望[EB/OL], http://ae.nstl.gov.cn/commChannel/content.asp?contentid=115798 2006.06.
[9] TPMS技术发展现状与趋势[EB/OL], http://www.ic37.com/document/21329.htm,2007.08.
[10]胎压监测系统(TPMS)技术与设计考虑[EB/OL], http://www.autoelectronics.eetchina.com /ART_8800434908_2100005_12280087200609.HTM,2006.09.
[11] Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. MPXY8300TPMSFS, http://www.freescale.com.cn/products/sensors/MPXY8300.asp,2008.01.
[12] 2006-2007年TPMS产业研究报告[EB/OL], http://www.pday.com.cn/research/2006/6332_TPMS.htm, 2007.05.
[13]郑仔君,缺乏关键IC台湾地区汽车电子产业偏重模块与系统制造[EB/OL], http://www.tpms.com.cn/hy_detail.asp?hy_id=228,2006.09.
[14]李威,尹术飞. TPMS的无源化发展方向研究[J],重型汽车, 2005.05: 14-16
[15] INTRON TECHNOLOGY(CHINA) LTD.直接式TPMS系统结构分析http://www.intron-tech.com/ic/main/download/default.aspx 2008.03.
[16] Microchip Technology Inc. Tire Pressure Monitoring System User's Guide [EB/OL], http://microchip.com/stellent/idcplg?IdcService=SS_GET_PAGE&nodeId=1406&dDocName=en028148, 2006.09.
[17]张桂花著.无线通信电路基础教程[M],第一版,北京:警官教育出版社,1998.04: 1-4.
[18]徐家恺,沈庆宏,阮雅端编著.通信原理教程[M],第一版,北京:科学出版社,2003.08: 171-190.
[19]宋铮,张建华,黄冶编著,天线与电波传播[M],第一版,西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2003.07:76-84.
[20]林昌禄,陈海,吴为公,近代天线设计[M],第一版,北京:人民邮电出版社,1990: 320-322.
[21] Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. MC68HC908RF2 Datasheet Rev.4, 2004.05.
[22] Atmel Corporation. ATA5756&5757 RF trasmetter datasheet, 2004.
[23] Infineon Technologies AG. ASK/FSK Transmitter 868/433 MHz, 2002.10.
[24] MAXIM Inc.300MHz to 450MHz Low-Power,Crystal-Based +10dBm ASK/FSK Transmitter, 2004.08.
[25] Microchip Technology Inc. PIC16F635_636_639单片机数据手册,2005.
[26] Infineon. SP12 Datasheet .
[27] Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. MPXY8020A Datasheet.
[28]张健,刘永民,嵌入式系统低功耗电路设计[J],光电技术应用,2005年12月第20卷第6期: 56-59.
[29]唐志芳,时海涛.系统级动态电源管理算法的研究.计算机工程与应用,2005年06月.
[30]黄智伟编著.无线数字收发电路设计[M],第一版,北京:电子工业出版社, 2003.05.
[31]于志远等译. [美]C.A.巴拉尼斯著,天线理论——分析与设计(上)[M],第一版,北京:电子工业出版社,1988: 140-142.
[32]周斌,刘其中,郭景丽.螺旋天线的快速分析及宽带化设计[J],电波科学学报,2005年10月第20卷第5期: 647-650.
[33]黎安尧等译. [美]陈惠开著,宽带匹配网络的理论与设计[M],北京:人民邮电出版社,1988.
[34] Svein Vetti, Chipcon AS. TPMS and RKE Operating In The Same ISM Frequency Band[J],EPN Automotive Electronics. May 2003.
[35] Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. MC68HC908GZ16 Datasheet Rev.0, 2003.02.
[36] Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. MC33594 Datasheet, 2002.
[37] LCD module specification model:LG192641-SFDYH6V,2005.03.
[38] XICOR Inc.X5043/X5045 datasheet,2001.
[39] Laurent Gauthier. A Receiver Using Remeo2[Z], Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. AN2830 Rev.0, 2004.09.
[40] Laurent Gauthier. Choosing Components for an RF Receiver Using Romeo2[Z], Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. AN2610 Rev.1, 2004.09.
[41]吴建辉,茅洁.射频电路PCB设计[J],电子工艺技术,2003年第1期: 19-21.
[42]朱红兵,宋宁华.射频电路PCB设计和电磁兼容[J],试验技术与试验机,2005年第45卷第1-2期: 58-61.
[43]范勇.单向通信汽车轮胎压力监测系统设计及实现技术研究[D],重庆,重庆大学,2007.04
[44] Ador Reodique. MPXY8000 Series Tire Pressure Monitoring Sensor [Z], Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. AN1954/D Rev 2, 2003.05.
[45]张明锋.PIC单片机C语言教程,上海,2004.07.
[46] Microchip Technology Inc. ICD2在线调试器用户指南,2004.
[47]谢瑞和,杨明编著. Motorola 68HC08微控制器与嵌入式系统基础[M],第一版,北京:清华大学出版社, 2003.11.
[48] P&E Microcomputer Systems. Inc.USB-ML-MON08 Rev D Technical Summary[Z], Document #PE3357, Version 1.01.