阻抗式调压室水力性能研究
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摘要
本文在总结、分析前人研究成果的基础上，对阻抗式调压室的若干水力特性问题进行了系统的研究探讨，主要研究内容如下：
1．系统介绍了国内外有关阻抗式调压室的研究状况；
2．结合江苏宜兴抽水蓄能电站尾水调压室水力模型试验成果，采用理论计算与模型试验结果相结合的方法，对有连接管的阻抗式调压室局部水头损失系数的计算方法进行了讨论。给出了基于Gardel关于三通管水头损失系数的经验公式、焊接T形三通管水头损失系数的实验资料及截面突变管道的水头损失资料，计算有连接管的阻抗式调压室在不同流态下水头损失系数的计算方法，并将这两种方法计算得到的调压室局部水头损失系数分别与模型试验成果进行了比较和分析；
3．采用四种不同的方法确定阻抗式调压室局部水头损失系数，利用水锤—调压室联合计算，研究分析了阻抗式调压室局部水头损失特性的表达方式对调压室涌浪以及调压室底部节点压力计算精度的影响；
4．基于Gardel关于三通管水头损失的经验公式，研究分析了连接管处的速度水头以及进出调压室水体与尾水隧洞水体之间的动量交换，对有连接管的尾水调压室稳定断面积的影响，并在托马(Thoma)假定基础上，推导出相应的调压室稳定断面的计算公式；
5．总结并指出今后应进一步深入研究的方向。
Some essential hydraulic properties of throttled surge tank are carefully analyzed through summarizing the past study. The research includes:
1. The development of the throttled surge tank has been introduced systematically.
2. Based on the results of experimental data of the tailrace surge tank of Yi Xing pumped-storage Station in Jiangsu province, this research investigates the methods for the head loss coefficients of throttled surge tank with linking pipe by means of the method which incorporates experimental results with theoretical analysis. Based on the head loss coefficients obtained from Gardel's semi-empirical equations for T-junction flow and experiment of welded T-junction, the hydraulic characteristics of throttled surge tank are estimated and compared with those gotten from hydraulic experiment.
3. Four different methods of determining the head loss coefficients of throttled surge tank have been employed to investigate the effect of methods afore mentioned on the accuracy of calculating surge and pressure head of throttled surge tank.
4. The impacts of both the velocity head and momentum distribution in the T-junction of a tailrace surge tank on the critical stable sectional area of the tank were analyzed by using Gardel's empirical equations for T-junction flow. Based on Thoma's theory, a formula of the critical stable sectional area is derived.
5. At the end of this thesis, further research work is suggested.
1．系统介绍了国内外有关阻抗式调压室的研究状况；
2．结合江苏宜兴抽水蓄能电站尾水调压室水力模型试验成果，采用理论计算与模型试验结果相结合的方法，对有连接管的阻抗式调压室局部水头损失系数的计算方法进行了讨论。给出了基于Gardel关于三通管水头损失系数的经验公式、焊接T形三通管水头损失系数的实验资料及截面突变管道的水头损失资料，计算有连接管的阻抗式调压室在不同流态下水头损失系数的计算方法，并将这两种方法计算得到的调压室局部水头损失系数分别与模型试验成果进行了比较和分析；
3．采用四种不同的方法确定阻抗式调压室局部水头损失系数，利用水锤—调压室联合计算，研究分析了阻抗式调压室局部水头损失特性的表达方式对调压室涌浪以及调压室底部节点压力计算精度的影响；
4．基于Gardel关于三通管水头损失的经验公式，研究分析了连接管处的速度水头以及进出调压室水体与尾水隧洞水体之间的动量交换，对有连接管的尾水调压室稳定断面积的影响，并在托马(Thoma)假定基础上，推导出相应的调压室稳定断面的计算公式；
5．总结并指出今后应进一步深入研究的方向。
Some essential hydraulic properties of throttled surge tank are carefully analyzed through summarizing the past study. The research includes:
1. The development of the throttled surge tank has been introduced systematically.
2. Based on the results of experimental data of the tailrace surge tank of Yi Xing pumped-storage Station in Jiangsu province, this research investigates the methods for the head loss coefficients of throttled surge tank with linking pipe by means of the method which incorporates experimental results with theoretical analysis. Based on the head loss coefficients obtained from Gardel's semi-empirical equations for T-junction flow and experiment of welded T-junction, the hydraulic characteristics of throttled surge tank are estimated and compared with those gotten from hydraulic experiment.
3. Four different methods of determining the head loss coefficients of throttled surge tank have been employed to investigate the effect of methods afore mentioned on the accuracy of calculating surge and pressure head of throttled surge tank.
4. The impacts of both the velocity head and momentum distribution in the T-junction of a tailrace surge tank on the critical stable sectional area of the tank were analyzed by using Gardel's empirical equations for T-junction flow. Based on Thoma's theory, a formula of the critical stable sectional area is derived.
5. At the end of this thesis, further research work is suggested.
引文
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[3] 索丽生．国外瞬变流研究进展[J]．河海科技进展，1991(6)．
[4] 丁浩．水电站有压引水系统非恒定流[M]．北京：水利电力出版社，1986．
[5] 潘家铮主编．水工隧洞和调压室—调压室部分[M]．北京：水利电力出版社，1992．
[6] Jaeger，C., 王树人，刘天雄，彭天玫等译．水力不稳定流[M]．辽宁：大连工学院出版社，1987．6．
[7] Wylie, E. B., Streetr, V. L., Suo Lisheng. Fluid Transient in Systems[M], Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ07632.
[8] Chaudhry，M．H．实用水力过渡过程[M]．四川：四川省水力工程发电学会，1985．
[9] 苏联，水电站设计规范[M]，1970．
[10] 古宾主编，徐锐等译．水力发电站[M]．北京：水利电力出版社，1983年10月．
[11] 中华人民共和国电力工业部．中华人民共和国电力行业标准DL／T 5058-1996，水电站调压室设计规范[M]．北京：中国电力出版社，1997．
[12] 王树人主编．调压室水力计算理论与方法[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，1983．5
[13] 王世泽主编．水电站建筑物[M]．北京：水利电力出版社，1987．11
[14] 大连工学院，武汉水利电力大学，天津大学．水电站建筑物[M]．北京：水利出版社，1982
[15] Jaeger, C., Present Trend in Surge Tank Design [J], Water Power, 1954(4).
[16] Rathe, L., An Innovation in Surge Chamber Design [J], Water Power, 1975(5).
[17] Chaudhry M. H. Applied hydraulic transient [M], New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, Inc, 1987.
[18] 华东水利学院主编．水工手册[M]．第七卷．北京：水利电力出版社，1983．
[19] 刘启钊，彭守拙主编．水电站调压室[M]．北京：水利电力出版社，1995．
[20] Li Yu-Tek. Orifice head loss in the T-section of a throttled surge tank[J]. Water Power, 1972, 24(9).
[21] Yhoma, D., Zur Thecrie des Wasserschlosses bai Selhsttaetig Geregelten Yurbinenanlagen [J], Oldenburg, Munchen, Germany, 1910.
[22] Jaeger, C., Contribution to the Stability Theory of System of Surge Tank [J], Trans. ASME, Vol. 80, 1958.
[23] Rich, G., Hydraulic Transients[M], Dover Publication, Inc., New York, 1963.
[24] Jaeger, C., The Double of Surge-Tank System [J], Water Power, 1957.
[25] Scimemi, E., Sulla Validita della regola di Thoma [J], Energia Elettrica, V. 24, 1947.
[26] Ghetti, G., Ricepche sperimentali sulla stability di regolazione [J], Part. Ⅱ. Energia Elettrica, V. 28, 1951.
[27] Frank, J., Nichtstationare Vorgange in den Zuleitungs-und Ableitungs Kanalen von Wasserkraftwerken[J], Spring-Verlag, 1957.
[28] 村濑次男，迁昭夫，自动制御安定理论见安定(1)～(5)，发电水力，No 65～69，1963．7．
[29] Rateau, A., Traite des Turbomachines[J], Dunod, Paris, 1900.
[30] Calame, J. and Gaden, D., Theorie des chambres equilbre[M], Paris, 1926.
[31] Frank, J. and Schüller, J., Schwingungen in den Znleitungs—uud Ableittmgsksnalen Von Wasserkraftanlagen[M], Springer, Berlin, 1938.
[32] Schoklitsch, A., Spiegelbewegung in Wasserschlossern, Schweigersche Benzirtung, 79, 1923/Ⅰ, also Grophische Hydraulic Leipzig, 1923.
[33] Pickford, J. A., Surge Tank Design by Logarithmie Curre[J], Water Power, 1954(10).
[34] Qulet, Y., Analyse de La Stabilite duu System de denx Chambers Dequilibre Respectivement, La Houille Blanche, 1972. 1.
[35] Seth, H. B., Pressure Wave Transmission at An Orifice Surge Tank [J], Water Power, 1973(8).
[36] Sethuramen, V., & Meenakshisundaram, S., Analog Computer Studies of the Stability of Orifice Surge Tanks[J], Water Power, 1973(9).
[37] Li Yu-Tek, Graphical and Computer Analysis of Simple Throttled Surge Tanks [J], Water Power, 1974(8).
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