二江电厂无人值班方式下的管理模式研究
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摘要
随着电力系统的飞速发展和计算机技术、网络技术的成熟应用，水电厂计算机监控技术应用水平全面提高，使得我国水电厂已进入全计算机监控时代，水电厂的运行值班方式也随之发生了改变，实现了“无人值班”(少人值守)运行管理模式，为实现无人值班创造了条件。
在已实行“无人值班”(少人值守)运行管理模式的水电厂中开展无人值班工作是国电公司的要求，同时也是实施长江电力股份公司的成本领先战略的要求。本文针对二江电厂运行值班管理模式运作现状，分析了这一运行值班管理模式运作中存在的问题，提出了在二江电厂开展无人值班研究的课题。长江电力股份公司内从事运行工作的人力资源非常有限，股份公司的总定员基本上不可能增加。因此在二江电厂开展无人值班研究工作，用长江电力股份公司内现有的运行人力资源管理更多的发电资产，使其发挥最大的经济效益是非常必要也非常有意义的。
水电厂运行值班方式的进步与计算机监控系统的发展水平密切相关，二者相互促进，相互影响。每一次值班方式的改革都会对计算机监控系统提出新的功能要求：而计算机监控系统实现的任何新功能也必将进一步推动运行值班方式的优化。因此计算机监控系统的改造对实行无人值班起着极其重要的作用。本文全面分析论述了水电厂运行值班方式进步的过程和计算机监控系统的发展及其趋势；简要介绍了水电厂无人值班的规定和要求；分析了实行无人值班对计算机监控系统的各项要求；针对运行值班方式的现状，分析了二江电厂实现无人值班的难点；提出了实现无人值班需配套进行的设备改造项目和适应无人值班的设备维护管理模式；重点分析了二江电厂实现无人值班对计算机监控系统改造的要求，提出了“电脑值班员”和“电脑值长”的概念和思路。建立了二江电厂在三峡梯调联合调度模式下的无人值班管理新模式。
根据无人值班和三峡梯调实行两厂两坝联合调度的要求，围绕着二江电厂计算机监控系统如何接入三峡梯调监控系统满足梯级调度的技术要求，提出了适应无人值班功能要求的SJ-600型现地控制单元(LCU)装置的构成和网络结构，并就系统结构、技术性能和组态等方面同进口LCU进行了全面比较；提出了两套满足梯调要求、适应无人值班要求的二江电厂计算机监控系统接入三峡梯调监控系统的改造方案。结合长江电力股份公司人力资源状况，提出了二江电厂计算机监控系统改造的实施建议。
论文最后对二江电厂计算机监控系统接入三峡梯调监控系统的两套改造方案进行了简单的技术经济比较，优选出了满足无人值班要求、适应现行运行值班管
重庆大学硕士学位论文
中女摘要
理模式运作要求、实施系统接入和后期改造最安全、经济的方案。
实施运行调度中心模式--一二江电厂无人值班管理新模式，必将进一步提高
葛洲坝电厂的运行管理水平，优化长江电力股份公司人力资源配置，提高企业经
济效益。
Along with the fast development of electric power system and the formed application of computer and network technology, the application level of computer supervision & control technology in hydropower plant has fully increased. Hydropower plants have come into an age of full computer supervision & control in our country; the operation management mode of hydropower plants accordingly has been changed into "no operator on duty" (few operators in attendance) mode, all of which have created qualifications to realize no operator on duty.
To implement the project of no operator on duty in the hydropower plants which had the operation management mode of "no operator on duty" (few operators in attendance) is the demand of State Power Corporation, at the same time, the demand of China Yangtze Power Corporation (CYPC) to implement the strategy of keeping banner cost. In allusion to the running actualities of the operation management mode in Gezhouba Erjiang Hydropower Plant (GEHP), this paper analyzed its problems, and advanced a subject of research on no operator on duty in GEHP. The human resource engaged in operation work is very finite in CYPC, the total fixed number of employees of CYPC is not possible to be increased basically. So it is very indispensable and significant to develop the study - no operator on duty in GEHP, with the exiting operation manpower resource in CYPC to supervise more generator assets and bring them into maximal economic benefits.
The progress of operation mode in hydropower plant is related to the development level of the computer supervision & control system (CSCS), both of which promoted and affected each other. Each reformation of operation mode shall put forward new functional demands for CSCS, and the realization of any new function in CSCS must promote the optimization of operation mode. So the reforming of CSCS will play an important role to implement no operator on duty. This paper fully analyzed and discussed the progressive process of hydropower plant operation mode, the development process and trend of CSCS; simply introduced the regulations and demands of no operator on duty in hydropower plant; analyzed all kinds of demand of CSCS to implement no operator on duty; in allusion to the running actualities of the operation management mode, analyzed the difficulties to implement no operator on duty in GEHP; put forward the reforming items for devices and equipment maintenance and
demands of reforming of CSCS to implement no operator on duty in GEHP; advanced a new concept and idea: "computer operator" and "computer operator director"; and set up a new operation management mode-no operator on duty in GEHP that is appropriate to Three Gorges Cascade Dispatch Center (TGCDC).
According to the desire of no operator on duty operation mode and dispatching two hydropower plants and two dams by TGCDC, and focusing on how to connect the CSCS of GEHP to the CSCS of TGCDC to meet the technical demand of cascade dispatching, advanced the frame and network configuration of SJ-600 LCU that is appropriate to the functional desire of no operator on duty operation mode, and fully compared with the import LCU on system structure, technology capability and configuration; and advanced two reforming schemes of connecting the CSCS of GEHP to the CSCS of TGCDC that meet the desire of TGCDC and are appropriate to the desire of no operator on duty operation mode. Considering of the actualities of manpower resource in CYPC, put forward the implementation suggestion for the reform of CSCS in GEHP.
After simply compared the two refonning schemes of connecting the CSCS of GEHP to the CSCS of TGCDC from technology and economy, this paper selected a reforming scheme which is most safety and economic for implementation and reforming, and meets the desire of no operator on duty operation mode and is appropriate to the desire of operation management mode that is on active service.
To implement the operation dispatch center mode - a new no operator on duty management mode in GEHP will certainly further impr
在已实行“无人值班”(少人值守)运行管理模式的水电厂中开展无人值班工作是国电公司的要求，同时也是实施长江电力股份公司的成本领先战略的要求。本文针对二江电厂运行值班管理模式运作现状，分析了这一运行值班管理模式运作中存在的问题，提出了在二江电厂开展无人值班研究的课题。长江电力股份公司内从事运行工作的人力资源非常有限，股份公司的总定员基本上不可能增加。因此在二江电厂开展无人值班研究工作，用长江电力股份公司内现有的运行人力资源管理更多的发电资产，使其发挥最大的经济效益是非常必要也非常有意义的。
水电厂运行值班方式的进步与计算机监控系统的发展水平密切相关，二者相互促进，相互影响。每一次值班方式的改革都会对计算机监控系统提出新的功能要求：而计算机监控系统实现的任何新功能也必将进一步推动运行值班方式的优化。因此计算机监控系统的改造对实行无人值班起着极其重要的作用。本文全面分析论述了水电厂运行值班方式进步的过程和计算机监控系统的发展及其趋势；简要介绍了水电厂无人值班的规定和要求；分析了实行无人值班对计算机监控系统的各项要求；针对运行值班方式的现状，分析了二江电厂实现无人值班的难点；提出了实现无人值班需配套进行的设备改造项目和适应无人值班的设备维护管理模式；重点分析了二江电厂实现无人值班对计算机监控系统改造的要求，提出了“电脑值班员”和“电脑值长”的概念和思路。建立了二江电厂在三峡梯调联合调度模式下的无人值班管理新模式。
根据无人值班和三峡梯调实行两厂两坝联合调度的要求，围绕着二江电厂计算机监控系统如何接入三峡梯调监控系统满足梯级调度的技术要求，提出了适应无人值班功能要求的SJ-600型现地控制单元(LCU)装置的构成和网络结构，并就系统结构、技术性能和组态等方面同进口LCU进行了全面比较；提出了两套满足梯调要求、适应无人值班要求的二江电厂计算机监控系统接入三峡梯调监控系统的改造方案。结合长江电力股份公司人力资源状况，提出了二江电厂计算机监控系统改造的实施建议。
论文最后对二江电厂计算机监控系统接入三峡梯调监控系统的两套改造方案进行了简单的技术经济比较，优选出了满足无人值班要求、适应现行运行值班管
重庆大学硕士学位论文
中女摘要
理模式运作要求、实施系统接入和后期改造最安全、经济的方案。
实施运行调度中心模式--一二江电厂无人值班管理新模式，必将进一步提高
葛洲坝电厂的运行管理水平，优化长江电力股份公司人力资源配置，提高企业经
济效益。
Along with the fast development of electric power system and the formed application of computer and network technology, the application level of computer supervision & control technology in hydropower plant has fully increased. Hydropower plants have come into an age of full computer supervision & control in our country; the operation management mode of hydropower plants accordingly has been changed into "no operator on duty" (few operators in attendance) mode, all of which have created qualifications to realize no operator on duty.
To implement the project of no operator on duty in the hydropower plants which had the operation management mode of "no operator on duty" (few operators in attendance) is the demand of State Power Corporation, at the same time, the demand of China Yangtze Power Corporation (CYPC) to implement the strategy of keeping banner cost. In allusion to the running actualities of the operation management mode in Gezhouba Erjiang Hydropower Plant (GEHP), this paper analyzed its problems, and advanced a subject of research on no operator on duty in GEHP. The human resource engaged in operation work is very finite in CYPC, the total fixed number of employees of CYPC is not possible to be increased basically. So it is very indispensable and significant to develop the study - no operator on duty in GEHP, with the exiting operation manpower resource in CYPC to supervise more generator assets and bring them into maximal economic benefits.
The progress of operation mode in hydropower plant is related to the development level of the computer supervision & control system (CSCS), both of which promoted and affected each other. Each reformation of operation mode shall put forward new functional demands for CSCS, and the realization of any new function in CSCS must promote the optimization of operation mode. So the reforming of CSCS will play an important role to implement no operator on duty. This paper fully analyzed and discussed the progressive process of hydropower plant operation mode, the development process and trend of CSCS; simply introduced the regulations and demands of no operator on duty in hydropower plant; analyzed all kinds of demand of CSCS to implement no operator on duty; in allusion to the running actualities of the operation management mode, analyzed the difficulties to implement no operator on duty in GEHP; put forward the reforming items for devices and equipment maintenance and
demands of reforming of CSCS to implement no operator on duty in GEHP; advanced a new concept and idea: "computer operator" and "computer operator director"; and set up a new operation management mode-no operator on duty in GEHP that is appropriate to Three Gorges Cascade Dispatch Center (TGCDC).
According to the desire of no operator on duty operation mode and dispatching two hydropower plants and two dams by TGCDC, and focusing on how to connect the CSCS of GEHP to the CSCS of TGCDC to meet the technical demand of cascade dispatching, advanced the frame and network configuration of SJ-600 LCU that is appropriate to the functional desire of no operator on duty operation mode, and fully compared with the import LCU on system structure, technology capability and configuration; and advanced two reforming schemes of connecting the CSCS of GEHP to the CSCS of TGCDC that meet the desire of TGCDC and are appropriate to the desire of no operator on duty operation mode. Considering of the actualities of manpower resource in CYPC, put forward the implementation suggestion for the reform of CSCS in GEHP.
After simply compared the two refonning schemes of connecting the CSCS of GEHP to the CSCS of TGCDC from technology and economy, this paper selected a reforming scheme which is most safety and economic for implementation and reforming, and meets the desire of no operator on duty operation mode and is appropriate to the desire of operation management mode that is on active service.
To implement the operation dispatch center mode - a new no operator on duty management mode in GEHP will certainly further impr
引文
[1] 董人海．《战略管理》．大连理工大学出版社．2000．7
[2] S.Chades Maurice,Christopher R.Thomas 《Managerial Economics》 China Machine Press,2000,01(364----366)
[3] 罗锐韧．《哈佛管理全集》．企业管理出版社．1997-7
[4] Alex Miller.STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT.3rd ed.McGraw-Hill Co.,Irlc.,1998
[5] 杨仕敏．分布式计算机控制系统中双冗余网的设计与实现．微计算机信息．1994，05
[6] 于春梅等．计算机控制系统中捉高软件可靠性的措施．工业控制计算机．2001，05
[7] 王锦标等．计算机控制系统中PID控制块的无扰动切换．冶金自动化．2002，02
[8] 杨金栋等．我国水电厂“无人值班”(少人值守)：工作评述．水电自动化与大坝监测．2002．05
[9] 李界家等．计算机控制系统发展及评析．仪表技术与传感器．2002，05
[10] 方辉饮．引进及国产水电厂计算机监控系统评析．电力系统自动化．1999，23(8)
[11] Rtte R，Patrick P，Roy M．CORBA(cORBA Course)．清华大学出版社．1999
[12] Ask Rofail, Yasser Shodoud. COM and COM+ from Accidence to Conversance. 电子工业出版社， 2000
[13] SunSoft. Enterprise Java Beans, Server Component Model for Java. White Paper. http://splash.javasoft.com/beans
[14] 腾小羽等．面向对象的水电厂计算机监控软件(EC2000)．电力系统自动化．2000，24(04)
[15] Naccarino J, Cheung R, Briggs W, et al. Real-time Monitoring, Optimization and Control of a Hydroelectric Complex.IEEE Trans on Power Systems, 1998,3 (4): 1769～1783
[16] Jaleeli N, Vanslyek L S, Ewart D N, et al. Understanding Automatic Generation Control. IEEE Trans on Power Systems, 1992, 7 (3)
[17] M. Ghandhari, G. Andersson, M. Pavella and D. Ernst.A control strategy for controllable series capacitor in electric power systems. Automatica/The interational federation of automatic control (IFAC) .2001, 37 (10) 1575-1583
[18] V.B. Izotov, A. A. Moldovyan, N. A. Moldovyan.Controlled Operation-Based Fast Methods of Data Protection in Automated Control Systems.Automation and remote control. 2001, 62 (6). 1007-1021
[19] 孙嘉嶙等．计算机控制系统的故障分析．自动化技术与应用．2001，04
[20] Horiike,S.;Okazaki,Y;Soeda,H.Simulator for performance estimation of open distributed
computer control systems. Control Engineering Practice.1995,3(8).-1147-1153.
[21] Jaroslaw Smieja. Advanced modem control system theory and design; Stanley M. Shinners; Wiley, New York, 1998, ISBN: 0-471-31857-4.Automatica/The interational federation of automatic control (IFAC). 2001, 37 (2). 317-318
[22] 苏倩．基于现场总线技术的全开放分散控制系统．测控技术．1999，05
[23] 施冲等．水电厂计算机监控技术发展趋势分析．水电自动化与大坝监测．2002，06
[24] 赵大洪．现场总线与控制系统．电力系统自动化．2000，24(13)：62～65
[25] 朱辰等．基于分布式对象技术的NC2000水电厂计算机监控系统软件．水电自动化与大坝监测．2002，05
[26] Walter K. Three Gorges HEPP Networking. VATECH SAT GmbH&Co, Vienna, Austria. HYDRO POWER CONTROL SYSTEMS 2~(nd) Technical Seminar, 2000-08
[27] ECS (Energy Control System) System Description, Advanced Applications---EMS.CAE Electronics Ltd, HYDRO POWER CONTROL SYSTEMS 2~(nd) Technical Seminar, 2000—08
[28] THREE GORGES LEFT BANK POWER STATION Computerized Control and Supervision System. ABB ALSTOM POWER Ltd, HYDRO POWER CONTROL SYSTEMS 2~(nd) Technical Seminar, 2000-08
[29] Sanxia Computerized Supervision & Control System.Voith Siemens Hydro Power Generation GmbH & Co. KG Branch Erlangen. HYDRO POWER CONTROL SYSTEMS 2~(nd) Technical Seminar, 2000—08
[30] 刘鲁川等．cisco catalyst系列交换机的使用与组网技术．清华大学出版社．2002-5-2
[2] S.Chades Maurice,Christopher R.Thomas 《Managerial Economics》 China Machine Press,2000,01(364----366)
[3] 罗锐韧．《哈佛管理全集》．企业管理出版社．1997-7
[4] Alex Miller.STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT.3rd ed.McGraw-Hill Co.,Irlc.,1998
[5] 杨仕敏．分布式计算机控制系统中双冗余网的设计与实现．微计算机信息．1994，05
[6] 于春梅等．计算机控制系统中捉高软件可靠性的措施．工业控制计算机．2001，05
[7] 王锦标等．计算机控制系统中PID控制块的无扰动切换．冶金自动化．2002，02
[8] 杨金栋等．我国水电厂“无人值班”(少人值守)：工作评述．水电自动化与大坝监测．2002．05
[9] 李界家等．计算机控制系统发展及评析．仪表技术与传感器．2002，05
[10] 方辉饮．引进及国产水电厂计算机监控系统评析．电力系统自动化．1999，23(8)
[11] Rtte R，Patrick P，Roy M．CORBA(cORBA Course)．清华大学出版社．1999
[12] Ask Rofail, Yasser Shodoud. COM and COM+ from Accidence to Conversance. 电子工业出版社， 2000
[13] SunSoft. Enterprise Java Beans, Server Component Model for Java. White Paper. http://splash.javasoft.com/beans
[14] 腾小羽等．面向对象的水电厂计算机监控软件(EC2000)．电力系统自动化．2000，24(04)
[15] Naccarino J, Cheung R, Briggs W, et al. Real-time Monitoring, Optimization and Control of a Hydroelectric Complex.IEEE Trans on Power Systems, 1998,3 (4): 1769～1783
[16] Jaleeli N, Vanslyek L S, Ewart D N, et al. Understanding Automatic Generation Control. IEEE Trans on Power Systems, 1992, 7 (3)
[17] M. Ghandhari, G. Andersson, M. Pavella and D. Ernst.A control strategy for controllable series capacitor in electric power systems. Automatica/The interational federation of automatic control (IFAC) .2001, 37 (10) 1575-1583
[18] V.B. Izotov, A. A. Moldovyan, N. A. Moldovyan.Controlled Operation-Based Fast Methods of Data Protection in Automated Control Systems.Automation and remote control. 2001, 62 (6). 1007-1021
[19] 孙嘉嶙等．计算机控制系统的故障分析．自动化技术与应用．2001，04
[20] Horiike,S.;Okazaki,Y;Soeda,H.Simulator for performance estimation of open distributed
computer control systems. Control Engineering Practice.1995,3(8).-1147-1153.
[21] Jaroslaw Smieja. Advanced modem control system theory and design; Stanley M. Shinners; Wiley, New York, 1998, ISBN: 0-471-31857-4.Automatica/The interational federation of automatic control (IFAC). 2001, 37 (2). 317-318
[22] 苏倩．基于现场总线技术的全开放分散控制系统．测控技术．1999，05
[23] 施冲等．水电厂计算机监控技术发展趋势分析．水电自动化与大坝监测．2002，06
[24] 赵大洪．现场总线与控制系统．电力系统自动化．2000，24(13)：62～65
[25] 朱辰等．基于分布式对象技术的NC2000水电厂计算机监控系统软件．水电自动化与大坝监测．2002，05
[26] Walter K. Three Gorges HEPP Networking. VATECH SAT GmbH&Co, Vienna, Austria. HYDRO POWER CONTROL SYSTEMS 2~(nd) Technical Seminar, 2000-08
[27] ECS (Energy Control System) System Description, Advanced Applications---EMS.CAE Electronics Ltd, HYDRO POWER CONTROL SYSTEMS 2~(nd) Technical Seminar, 2000—08
[28] THREE GORGES LEFT BANK POWER STATION Computerized Control and Supervision System. ABB ALSTOM POWER Ltd, HYDRO POWER CONTROL SYSTEMS 2~(nd) Technical Seminar, 2000-08
[29] Sanxia Computerized Supervision & Control System.Voith Siemens Hydro Power Generation GmbH & Co. KG Branch Erlangen. HYDRO POWER CONTROL SYSTEMS 2~(nd) Technical Seminar, 2000—08
[30] 刘鲁川等．cisco catalyst系列交换机的使用与组网技术．清华大学出版社．2002-5-2
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