摘要
2001年,“实践与综合应用”作为知识与技能的四大组成部分之一,首次进入我国小学数学课程教材。由于国内外多年来缺乏小学数学在“实践与综合应用”方面的相关研究,而“实践与综合应用”对学生的实践意识、创新意识、实践能力和创新能力的培养有积极作用。因而,在小学数学教材中“实践与综合应用”的编写与实验研究对促进我国新一轮数学课程教材改革有积极的意义。
本文对新教材“实践与综合应用”的编写原则、编写特色、内容设计进行了探索,并对其实验情况进行了调研,得到初步研究结果如下:
(1) “实践与综合应用”的编写原则:现实性原则,问题性原则,综合性原则,开放性原则,主体性与合作性原则,实践性原则。
(2) “实践与综合应用”的编写特色:教学素材源于学生生活,以问题为线索展现教学内容,采用集中与分散相结合的编排方式,呈现形式丰富多彩,加强知识的综合应用和注重学法指导。
(3) 实验调查结果表明:“实践与综合应用”内容较好地体现了《课标》的理念和要求;实验效果好;对教师和学生的发展都有良好的促进作用;在农村和城市的实验效果无显著差异,有利于农村与城市的数学教学水平同步提高;分散安排的“实践与综合应用”内容可操作性强,集中安排的“实践与综合应用”内容可操作性还有待提高;对实验教师的培训还需要加强。
(4) 调查研究得到的启示:应突出学生对数学知识结构的主动构建;应坚持集中与分散相结合的编排方式;应增设“实践与综合应用”选学内容;教师应创造性使用新教材中“实践与综合应用”的内容;应加强教师相关培训;应加大宣传力度,争取社会支持。
Practice and Synthesis Application as one of the four components of knowledge and skills has been edited into the mathematics curriculum for elementary schools for the first time in China in 2001. Practice and Synthesis Application has positive effects on students' practical and innovative consciousness, as well as on students' practical and innovative ability. However, there are few correlative researches all over the world. So researches on Practice and Synthesis Application can make positive contribution to the new curriculum and textbook reform.
The author explores the compiling principles, editing characteristics and content design of Practice and Synthesis Application and makes investigations on their experiments and draws the following conclusions.
(1) The compilation of Practice and Synthesis Application should adhere to the principles, such as the realistic, problematic, comprehensive, open, subjective and cooperative, practical principles.
(2) The compilation of Practice and Synthesis Application has some outstanding characteristics, such as teaching materials coming from students' life, embodying teaching contents by problems, combining the centralized arrangement with the scattered arrangement, presenting by various of forms, intensifying the synthesis application of knowledge, and paying more attention to the guidance of learning methods.
(3) The investigation about the teaching experiment of Practice and Synthesis Application can be concluded that Practice and Synthesis Application has embodied
the ideas and requirements of the standards of mathematics curriculum for compulsory education very well, achieved great success, accelerated the development of both teachers and students and contributed to the integral improvement of mathematics teaching of the country and city. The author also finds the scattered arranged contents of Practice and Synthesis Application are feasible while the feasibility of centralized arranged contents should be highlighted. What is more, the teacher training should be strengthened.
4. This paper reveals highlighting students' active construction of mathematics knowledge structure, holding on the combination of centralized and scattered arrangement, designing optional contents of Practice and Synthesis Application. In addition, teachers should teach these contents creatively and the teacher training should be enhanced. At the same time, the propaganda dynamics should be increased to gain more social support.
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