保证硬件产品综合质量的概念设计方法与管理研究
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摘要
21世纪是“质量世纪”,学术界、工业界正在发生一场“质量创新革命”。在产品开发的实践中,经常因为产品概念设计质量的原因导致整个项目的失败。产品质量的含义已经从“满足设计需求”转变为“满足顾客需求”。质量不仅指最终产品的质量,也包含产品形成与实现过程的综合质量。如果产品未能按顾客要求发挥作用,即使制造质量实现了零缺陷,也不是理想的产品,只能是“库存积压的高质量产品”。而且,后期的设计和制造做的越完美则会造成越大的浪费。
上述问题与其说是设计问题,倒不如更确切地说是一个管理问题。随着顾客需求越来越个性化、设计生产过程日趋复杂化,急需有一套能够保证产品设计质量的设计方法和管理体系。并且,为了符合中国的国情,这套方法必须是易于掌握、易于推广的。
本文的主要研究内容可以归纳为以下几个部分:
1、重新定义了新的质量观。提出“综合质量(IQ—Integrated Quality)”的观念,综合质量包括:功能(心理功能和物理功能)、质量(是指狭义的质量,是指产品的结构性能和工作性能)、成本、时间、环境和服务。充分体现了“以人为本”的原则,适应二十一世纪新质量观的要求。
2、针对顾客需求的个性化和动态性的变化趋势,从顾客需求的获取方法切入,运用感性工学理论的特殊优势,并把感性工学理论融入普通质量功能展开(QFD)获取顾客需求的方法,归纳出一种能够准确获取顾客隐性需求和情感需求的新方法。
3、通过对当今常用的设计方法、设计理论的研究,用发明问题解决理论(TRIZ)系统中的产品进化理论、分离原理、冲突矩阵和发明原理解决支持功能中的技术冲突和物理冲突的有利工具。结合前述的研究成果,有机集成了一套容易掌握且简单实用的,能够保证产品综合质量的产品概念设计系统。最后,通过一个实例进行实证研究。
21~(st) century is the "quality century" in which quality innovation revolution takes place in the academic and industrial field. In the practice of product exploitation, more often the whole item failed just because of the worse product's conceptual design quality. The content of product quality nowadays has been shifted from "satisfy design require" to "satisfy customers require". The product quality includes not only the final product quality but also the integrated quality of the product formation and realization process. If the product can't work as the customer's require, even the making quality is perfect (zero defect), it is not an ideal product but "storage- kept high quality product". What's more, the more perfect the latter phase design is made, the more waste it will be.
The problem mentioned above, to be more exact, is more an administration than a design one. Therefore, with the development of more of customer's require individualization and more of complicated design and making process, it is necessary to make a set of design method and administration system of guarantee of product design quality, of which the system should be suitable in China for easy use and convenient extending.
The main research contents of this dissertation are as follows:
1. To make a new concept for product quality and advocate the concept of IQ-integrated Quality, of which includes function(psychological function and physic function ),quality(narrow sense, the nature of product and its working function), time, cost, environment and service. IQ-integrated Quality fully embodies the principle of humanity-oriented, which meets the need of new concept for the product in the 21~(st) century.
2. According to the customers' requirements of various tendency: individuality and developments. Starting from the getting methods of customer, with the application special merits of Kansei Engineering theory, and integrates the Kansei Engineering theory with the common quality function development for getting customers method, so as to sum up a new and precise method for customer's emotional and inner requirements.
3. Through the study of the current design method and theory, with the application of invention question-solving theory(TRIZ) and the system's product's revolution theory, separating principle, conflict matrix and invention principle solving supporting function in the technical and physical conflict. With all the methods mentioned above, a set of product conceptual design system is gained from easy-control and simple practice and assurance of product integrated quality. Finally, with an example, the dissertation makes a practical research for these.
上述问题与其说是设计问题,倒不如更确切地说是一个管理问题。随着顾客需求越来越个性化、设计生产过程日趋复杂化,急需有一套能够保证产品设计质量的设计方法和管理体系。并且,为了符合中国的国情,这套方法必须是易于掌握、易于推广的。
本文的主要研究内容可以归纳为以下几个部分:
1、重新定义了新的质量观。提出“综合质量(IQ—Integrated Quality)”的观念,综合质量包括:功能(心理功能和物理功能)、质量(是指狭义的质量,是指产品的结构性能和工作性能)、成本、时间、环境和服务。充分体现了“以人为本”的原则,适应二十一世纪新质量观的要求。
2、针对顾客需求的个性化和动态性的变化趋势,从顾客需求的获取方法切入,运用感性工学理论的特殊优势,并把感性工学理论融入普通质量功能展开(QFD)获取顾客需求的方法,归纳出一种能够准确获取顾客隐性需求和情感需求的新方法。
3、通过对当今常用的设计方法、设计理论的研究,用发明问题解决理论(TRIZ)系统中的产品进化理论、分离原理、冲突矩阵和发明原理解决支持功能中的技术冲突和物理冲突的有利工具。结合前述的研究成果,有机集成了一套容易掌握且简单实用的,能够保证产品综合质量的产品概念设计系统。最后,通过一个实例进行实证研究。
21~(st) century is the "quality century" in which quality innovation revolution takes place in the academic and industrial field. In the practice of product exploitation, more often the whole item failed just because of the worse product's conceptual design quality. The content of product quality nowadays has been shifted from "satisfy design require" to "satisfy customers require". The product quality includes not only the final product quality but also the integrated quality of the product formation and realization process. If the product can't work as the customer's require, even the making quality is perfect (zero defect), it is not an ideal product but "storage- kept high quality product". What's more, the more perfect the latter phase design is made, the more waste it will be.
The problem mentioned above, to be more exact, is more an administration than a design one. Therefore, with the development of more of customer's require individualization and more of complicated design and making process, it is necessary to make a set of design method and administration system of guarantee of product design quality, of which the system should be suitable in China for easy use and convenient extending.
The main research contents of this dissertation are as follows:
1. To make a new concept for product quality and advocate the concept of IQ-integrated Quality, of which includes function(psychological function and physic function ),quality(narrow sense, the nature of product and its working function), time, cost, environment and service. IQ-integrated Quality fully embodies the principle of humanity-oriented, which meets the need of new concept for the product in the 21~(st) century.
2. According to the customers' requirements of various tendency: individuality and developments. Starting from the getting methods of customer, with the application special merits of Kansei Engineering theory, and integrates the Kansei Engineering theory with the common quality function development for getting customers method, so as to sum up a new and precise method for customer's emotional and inner requirements.
3. Through the study of the current design method and theory, with the application of invention question-solving theory(TRIZ) and the system's product's revolution theory, separating principle, conflict matrix and invention principle solving supporting function in the technical and physical conflict. With all the methods mentioned above, a set of product conceptual design system is gained from easy-control and simple practice and assurance of product integrated quality. Finally, with an example, the dissertation makes a practical research for these.
引文
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