滤波微波器件的研究与设计
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摘要
随着信息工程的飞速发展，无线通信已经成为本世纪最为热门的技术之一。各种新型无线通信系统的不断涌现，极大地刺激了微波有源和无源器件尤其是滤波器技术的快速发展。本文主要对无线通信中具有滤波特性的新型器件展开了研究与设计。首先，针对传统滤波器的快速优化技术，提出了基于多项式拟合的参数提取方法，并改进了传统空间映射方法，使之更适用于微波滤波器的设计。利用本文的优化方法，深入研究了现代无线通信中的多种射频/微波滤波器件，包括：多通带滤波器、多工滤波器、平衡滤波器、巴伦滤波器、平衡到不平衡双工器、滤波器天线以及基于滤波器的压控振荡器。
本文的工作主要包括以下几个方面：
1.系统的研究了传统广义切比雪夫滤波器的综合方法。在提出基于多项式拟合的滤波器参数提取法的同时，还给出了改进的渐进空间映射滤波器优化方法。为了证明参数提取的正确性及有效性，对比了多个滤波器的实测数据和提取数据，两者吻合良好；为了验证优化方法的正确性，给出了三款滤波器的设计实例，每款滤波器通过若干步的迭代都逼近了最优结果。
2.详细地分析、研究了阶梯阻抗谐振器(SIR)，短路枝节加载谐振器以及新型环形谐振器的谐振特性，绘制了相应的设计图。给出了多通带滤波器的设计流程，基于本文分析的谐振器分别设计了高带外抑制的双通带滤波器、共腔双通带滤波器以及高阶三通带滤波器。
3.系统研究了多工滤波器技术，给出了多头线多工器的综合策略，为了验证综合结果的正确性，分别设计了高带外抑制的双工器和五工器。深入研究双枝节加载谐振器的特性，利用该谐振器和SIR等多模谐振器设计了高性能双工器和多工器。提出了基于地面缺陷阶梯阻抗谐振器(DSIR)的新型多工器拓扑结构，给出了设计流程，设计了四工器。
4.提出了基于交指线谐振器的平衡滤波器设计方法，并设计了高共模抑制的平衡滤波器。给出了巴伦滤波器的综合方法，设计了微带线巴伦滤波器，同时也设计了基于平衡滤波器的高性能巴伦滤波器。利用交指线谐振器以及平衡滤波器转化巴伦滤波器的方法，设计了小型化不平衡到平衡双工器以及平衡到不平衡双工器。
5.给出了滤波天线的设计流程，利用群时延调谐方法设计了微带线滤波器天线。详细研究了复数品质因数的物理意义，提取了滤波器的复品质因数，在复品质因数峰值对应的频率处设计了低相位噪声振荡器。利用平行耦合线滤波器及可调滤波器，分别设计了低相位噪声的振荡器和压控振荡器，测试和仿真结果的一致性验证了本文方法的正确性。
With the phenomenal development in the information engineering, wirelesscommunication has become one of the most popular technologies in this century.Various new wireless communication systems emerge ceaselessly, which havepromoted a tremendous advance in microwave active and passive devices especially formicrowave filter technology. The research work presented in this dissertation focuses onthe design of microwave filtering components. Firstly, a new filter parametersextraction method is proposed in this dissertation, which is based on polynomial fittingand is introduced in order to improve traditional microwave filter simulationoptimization. A modified space mapping algorithm is also presented to accelerate theconvergence process, because the traditional space mapping algorithm is actually notsuitable for microwe filter design.Depending on the efficient optimization method, somekinds of novel filtering components are researched and designed.These new devicesinclude: multi-band filters, multiplexers, balanced filters, balun filters, balanced tounbalanced duplexer, unbalancd to balanced duplexer, filter antenna and oscillatorswhich are designed by utilizing filters. The major work is concluded as following:
1. The traditional generalized Chebyshev filter synthesis approach is systematicallystudied as the whole work’s origin. After a new polynomial fitting parametersextraction method is successfully achieved, a modified aggressive space mappingmethod is proposed to overcome the shortcomings that traditional ASM takes along time in parameter extraction process with inconsistent results. Design examlesabout dual-mode filter, microstrip filter and coaxial cavity filter have been proposedto verify the validity of the algorithm.
2. The resonance characteristics of the stepped impedance resonators (SIR), short stubloaded resonator (SLR) and square ring loaded resonator (SRLR) are analyzed indetail.The design graphs regarding these resonators are plotted. The designprocedure of microwave dual band filter is also introduced later. Based on theproposed theory, several high performance multiband filters are designed andfabricated.The good agreements between the simulated and measured results verifythe proposed methods.
3. Multiplexer optimization synthesis method is studied in detail. To illustrate themultiplexer design procesure a high out-of-band suppression duplexer and fivechannels multiplexer are synthesized and designed. The resonance characteristic ofthe dual stubs loaded resonator is analyzed in detail.Based on the mutilmode resonator, common mode duplexer and triplexer are designed to illustrat theusefully common mode multiplexer design methods.Addtionally, a new multiplxerstructure is proposed by applying defected stepped impedance resonators (DSIR).This new structure features simpler design and more flexible operating frequencychoice compared with the traditional design method.
4. The traditional microstrip balanced bandpass filter (BPF) usually has thedisadvanteges such as large size or low common-mode suppression, so a verycompact interdigital coupled resonator, which has the characteristic of strongsuppression to common-mode signals at differential-mode operation frequencyband,is analyzed. By using the novel resonator, a balanced BPF with goodperformance and miniaturization can be achieved. Balun filter is an import balancedcircuit in micriwove communication chain, so two design methods are proposed.One is based on synthesized method and the other one is realized by transforming abalanced filter to be a balun filter. Two design examples are introduced to explainthe idea. Finally, novel and compact balanced to unbalanced duplexer andunbalancd to balanced duplexer are designed to further enhance the balancedcircuits’application in communication system.
5. A printed monopole filter antenna is designed by utilizing filter antenna synthesisapproach which is proposed in this thesis. Time domain tuning methord is appliedto guarantee the antenna to perform not only a radiator but also the last resonator ofthe filter. On the overall performance, the filter antenna's reflection coefficient andgain curve are almost the same as the filter return loss and insertion loss.Lowphase-noise microwave oscillators and wideband voltage-controlled oscillator(VCO) based on microstrip bandpass filters are also proposed. For this type ofoscillator, the passband filter is embedded into the feedback loop to treat as afrequency stabilization element. Instead of designing the oscillator at the groupdelay peak frequency of the filter to achieve a good phase-noise performance,thepeak frequency of the complex quality factor is adopted for oscillator design. Theoscillator designed at the complex quality factor peak frequency improves thephase-noise about10dB as compared with that realized at the group delay peakfrequency. Moreover, by attaching a varactor on each resonator of the comblinefilter, the oscillator can be extended to a wideband VCO.
本文的工作主要包括以下几个方面：
1.系统的研究了传统广义切比雪夫滤波器的综合方法。在提出基于多项式拟合的滤波器参数提取法的同时，还给出了改进的渐进空间映射滤波器优化方法。为了证明参数提取的正确性及有效性，对比了多个滤波器的实测数据和提取数据，两者吻合良好；为了验证优化方法的正确性，给出了三款滤波器的设计实例，每款滤波器通过若干步的迭代都逼近了最优结果。
2.详细地分析、研究了阶梯阻抗谐振器(SIR)，短路枝节加载谐振器以及新型环形谐振器的谐振特性，绘制了相应的设计图。给出了多通带滤波器的设计流程，基于本文分析的谐振器分别设计了高带外抑制的双通带滤波器、共腔双通带滤波器以及高阶三通带滤波器。
3.系统研究了多工滤波器技术，给出了多头线多工器的综合策略，为了验证综合结果的正确性，分别设计了高带外抑制的双工器和五工器。深入研究双枝节加载谐振器的特性，利用该谐振器和SIR等多模谐振器设计了高性能双工器和多工器。提出了基于地面缺陷阶梯阻抗谐振器(DSIR)的新型多工器拓扑结构，给出了设计流程，设计了四工器。
4.提出了基于交指线谐振器的平衡滤波器设计方法，并设计了高共模抑制的平衡滤波器。给出了巴伦滤波器的综合方法，设计了微带线巴伦滤波器，同时也设计了基于平衡滤波器的高性能巴伦滤波器。利用交指线谐振器以及平衡滤波器转化巴伦滤波器的方法，设计了小型化不平衡到平衡双工器以及平衡到不平衡双工器。
5.给出了滤波天线的设计流程，利用群时延调谐方法设计了微带线滤波器天线。详细研究了复数品质因数的物理意义，提取了滤波器的复品质因数，在复品质因数峰值对应的频率处设计了低相位噪声振荡器。利用平行耦合线滤波器及可调滤波器，分别设计了低相位噪声的振荡器和压控振荡器，测试和仿真结果的一致性验证了本文方法的正确性。
With the phenomenal development in the information engineering, wirelesscommunication has become one of the most popular technologies in this century.Various new wireless communication systems emerge ceaselessly, which havepromoted a tremendous advance in microwave active and passive devices especially formicrowave filter technology. The research work presented in this dissertation focuses onthe design of microwave filtering components. Firstly, a new filter parametersextraction method is proposed in this dissertation, which is based on polynomial fittingand is introduced in order to improve traditional microwave filter simulationoptimization. A modified space mapping algorithm is also presented to accelerate theconvergence process, because the traditional space mapping algorithm is actually notsuitable for microwe filter design.Depending on the efficient optimization method, somekinds of novel filtering components are researched and designed.These new devicesinclude: multi-band filters, multiplexers, balanced filters, balun filters, balanced tounbalanced duplexer, unbalancd to balanced duplexer, filter antenna and oscillatorswhich are designed by utilizing filters. The major work is concluded as following:
1. The traditional generalized Chebyshev filter synthesis approach is systematicallystudied as the whole work’s origin. After a new polynomial fitting parametersextraction method is successfully achieved, a modified aggressive space mappingmethod is proposed to overcome the shortcomings that traditional ASM takes along time in parameter extraction process with inconsistent results. Design examlesabout dual-mode filter, microstrip filter and coaxial cavity filter have been proposedto verify the validity of the algorithm.
2. The resonance characteristics of the stepped impedance resonators (SIR), short stubloaded resonator (SLR) and square ring loaded resonator (SRLR) are analyzed indetail.The design graphs regarding these resonators are plotted. The designprocedure of microwave dual band filter is also introduced later. Based on theproposed theory, several high performance multiband filters are designed andfabricated.The good agreements between the simulated and measured results verifythe proposed methods.
3. Multiplexer optimization synthesis method is studied in detail. To illustrate themultiplexer design procesure a high out-of-band suppression duplexer and fivechannels multiplexer are synthesized and designed. The resonance characteristic ofthe dual stubs loaded resonator is analyzed in detail.Based on the mutilmode resonator, common mode duplexer and triplexer are designed to illustrat theusefully common mode multiplexer design methods.Addtionally, a new multiplxerstructure is proposed by applying defected stepped impedance resonators (DSIR).This new structure features simpler design and more flexible operating frequencychoice compared with the traditional design method.
4. The traditional microstrip balanced bandpass filter (BPF) usually has thedisadvanteges such as large size or low common-mode suppression, so a verycompact interdigital coupled resonator, which has the characteristic of strongsuppression to common-mode signals at differential-mode operation frequencyband,is analyzed. By using the novel resonator, a balanced BPF with goodperformance and miniaturization can be achieved. Balun filter is an import balancedcircuit in micriwove communication chain, so two design methods are proposed.One is based on synthesized method and the other one is realized by transforming abalanced filter to be a balun filter. Two design examples are introduced to explainthe idea. Finally, novel and compact balanced to unbalanced duplexer andunbalancd to balanced duplexer are designed to further enhance the balancedcircuits’application in communication system.
5. A printed monopole filter antenna is designed by utilizing filter antenna synthesisapproach which is proposed in this thesis. Time domain tuning methord is appliedto guarantee the antenna to perform not only a radiator but also the last resonator ofthe filter. On the overall performance, the filter antenna's reflection coefficient andgain curve are almost the same as the filter return loss and insertion loss.Lowphase-noise microwave oscillators and wideband voltage-controlled oscillator(VCO) based on microstrip bandpass filters are also proposed. For this type ofoscillator, the passband filter is embedded into the feedback loop to treat as afrequency stabilization element. Instead of designing the oscillator at the groupdelay peak frequency of the filter to achieve a good phase-noise performance,thepeak frequency of the complex quality factor is adopted for oscillator design. Theoscillator designed at the complex quality factor peak frequency improves thephase-noise about10dB as compared with that realized at the group delay peakfrequency. Moreover, by attaching a varactor on each resonator of the comblinefilter, the oscillator can be extended to a wideband VCO.
引文
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