双能场/生物法降解废水中苯酚的研究
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摘要
苯酚是石油化工、塑料、农药和合成纤维等工业生产中的主要原料,它的毒性大且难降解,对生态系统造成了严重的污染。因此,寻找经济、高效的含酚废水处理方法已成为是环保方面的重要课题。含酚废水的成份复杂,采用传统的或单一的生物、化学和物理方法处理效率低下,很难达到污水综合排放标准。本文旨在探索生物法、超声波、紫外光催化等多种废水处理方法协同降解对含酚废水降解的可行性及规律,以期为确立一种对苯酚废水降解的新技术奠定基础。
本文利用胶束毛细管电泳建立了苯酚分析检测的新方法,并将该方法应用于测定焦化废水中苯酚的含量。最佳电泳条件为：检测波长275nm,40 mmol/L硼砂-40 mmol/L SDS缓冲液,pH 9.5,分离电压25 kV。该方法简单、快速、稳定性高,精密度高,重现性好,为以后的研究提供了苯酚的测定方法。
通过对芜湖市钢铁厂的活性污泥进行富集、驯化、纯化,最终分离得到一株高耐苯酚菌株,在以苯酚为唯一碳源的培养基中最高可耐受1000 mg/L的苯酚。根据形态观察和生理生化特征分析,初步鉴定为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)。其最佳降酚条件为：温度25℃、pH值8.0、装液量为100mL/250mL三角瓶、接种量15%,在此条件下菌株对600 mg/L苯酚的降解率为81.71%；在培养基中添加100 mg/L葡萄糖时,对菌株生长和苯酚降解有促进作用。
研究了超声波、紫外光催化及其组合技术等不同能场用于降解苯酚的可行性,研究发现使用声-光双能场能够有效地提高降解率,超声波与紫外光在对苯酚的降解过程中存在较强的协同效应。利用SAS软件对声-光双能场降解苯酚的条件进行了优化,结果表明影响降解的最主要因素依次为：初始pH、H2O2投加量、超声功率,最佳组合参数为：TiO2用量1.0g/L,H202投加量为10mL/L,起始pH为6.0,温度30℃,曝气量3 L/min,超声频率25 kHz,超声功率为221W,总体积1L,在此条件下的苯酚降解率为68.89%。
在生物法和双能场降解苯酚的研究基础上,研究了将双能场/生物法协同用于降解苯酚的可行性,并对试验装置和反应模式进行了初步探索。初步研究结果表明：使用生物法处理47h后,由双能场降解9h,通过两系统协同作用最短消耗56h即可将600mg/L的苯酚降解至0.5 mg/L以下。与单独使用生物法降解苯酚相比,时间节省了9h,与单独使用双能场降解苯酚相比,降酚能力提高了5倍。
Phenol is a principal material used in industry operations such as petroleum chemical engineering, plastics, pesticide, synthetic fabric and so on, which causes seriously pollution to ecosystem due to its toxic and difficult degradability. So, it is an important issue of environment protection to approach for an economic, high efficient treatment of phenolic wastewater degradation. As the phenolic effluent contains complex elements, the efficiency is low with traditional or single biological, chemical, physical treatment, and it's difficult to achieve discharging standard of wastewater. The subject intended to explore the feasibility and regulations of the synergetic treatment for phenolic wastewater degradation which combined biodegradation, ultrasonic and photocatalysis, in hope of providing foundations to establish a kind of new degradation technology.
A method for the determination of phenol was established by MEKC, and was applied to detect phenol in coking wastewater. The optimum conditions was:UV detection at 275 nm, a buffer of 20 mmol/L Na2B4O7-40 mmol/L SDS, pH 9.5, separation voltage at 25 kV, respectively. The method was simple, promptly, highly steady, highly accurate and repeatability, which used as the analyze method in the after research.
A high phenol-endurance strain was isolated from activated sludge of Steel Works, Wuhu city by enriching, isolating, purifying, which could tolerate 1000 mg/L of phenol utilized as the sole carbon source. According to the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics, the strain was identified as Pseudomonas sp.. The optimum condition was:25℃, pH 8.0, liquid amount of 100 mL/250mL flask, and the quantity of inoculation at 15%, respectively. In this condition, the degradation ratio of 600 mg/L phenol was 81.71%.The growth of bacteria and phenol degradation ratio was increase by adding 100mg/L Glucose.
The feasibility of different energies contained ultrasonic, photocatalysis and ultrasonic-photocatalytic coupling technology were studied to degrade phenol. The study found that the degradation ratio could be increased efficiently by the ultrasonic-photocatalytic coupling energy fields, as the synergetic effect could be brought about in the process of combining ultrasonic and photocatalysis. The conditions of the bi-energy fields were optimized utilized SAS software. Results showed that the most important factors affecting degradation were:initial pH, H2O2 value, ultrasonic power, successively. The optimum condition was: TiO2 value at 1.0 g/L, H2O2 value at 10 mL/L, initial pH 6.0, temperature at 30℃, air flow at 3 L/min, ultrasonic frequency at 25 kHz, ultrasonic power at 221 W, and total volume at 1 L, respectively. In this condition, the phenol degradation ratio was 68.89%.
Based on the study of bi-energy fields and biology treatment, the feasibility of integrating bi-energy fields and bioreactor for phenol degradation was studied. The experimental equipment and integrated mode was primary explored. Results showed that the least reaction time for this system was 56 h when 600 mg/L could be degraded to below 0.5 mg/L at biological treatment reaction time of 47 h with bi-energy fields reaction time of 9 h. Time was saving of 9 h compared to using biological treatment exclusively, phenol degradability was enhancing of 5 times。compared to using bi-energy fields exclusively.
本文利用胶束毛细管电泳建立了苯酚分析检测的新方法,并将该方法应用于测定焦化废水中苯酚的含量。最佳电泳条件为：检测波长275nm,40 mmol/L硼砂-40 mmol/L SDS缓冲液,pH 9.5,分离电压25 kV。该方法简单、快速、稳定性高,精密度高,重现性好,为以后的研究提供了苯酚的测定方法。
通过对芜湖市钢铁厂的活性污泥进行富集、驯化、纯化,最终分离得到一株高耐苯酚菌株,在以苯酚为唯一碳源的培养基中最高可耐受1000 mg/L的苯酚。根据形态观察和生理生化特征分析,初步鉴定为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)。其最佳降酚条件为：温度25℃、pH值8.0、装液量为100mL/250mL三角瓶、接种量15%,在此条件下菌株对600 mg/L苯酚的降解率为81.71%；在培养基中添加100 mg/L葡萄糖时,对菌株生长和苯酚降解有促进作用。
研究了超声波、紫外光催化及其组合技术等不同能场用于降解苯酚的可行性,研究发现使用声-光双能场能够有效地提高降解率,超声波与紫外光在对苯酚的降解过程中存在较强的协同效应。利用SAS软件对声-光双能场降解苯酚的条件进行了优化,结果表明影响降解的最主要因素依次为：初始pH、H2O2投加量、超声功率,最佳组合参数为：TiO2用量1.0g/L,H202投加量为10mL/L,起始pH为6.0,温度30℃,曝气量3 L/min,超声频率25 kHz,超声功率为221W,总体积1L,在此条件下的苯酚降解率为68.89%。
在生物法和双能场降解苯酚的研究基础上,研究了将双能场/生物法协同用于降解苯酚的可行性,并对试验装置和反应模式进行了初步探索。初步研究结果表明：使用生物法处理47h后,由双能场降解9h,通过两系统协同作用最短消耗56h即可将600mg/L的苯酚降解至0.5 mg/L以下。与单独使用生物法降解苯酚相比,时间节省了9h,与单独使用双能场降解苯酚相比,降酚能力提高了5倍。
Phenol is a principal material used in industry operations such as petroleum chemical engineering, plastics, pesticide, synthetic fabric and so on, which causes seriously pollution to ecosystem due to its toxic and difficult degradability. So, it is an important issue of environment protection to approach for an economic, high efficient treatment of phenolic wastewater degradation. As the phenolic effluent contains complex elements, the efficiency is low with traditional or single biological, chemical, physical treatment, and it's difficult to achieve discharging standard of wastewater. The subject intended to explore the feasibility and regulations of the synergetic treatment for phenolic wastewater degradation which combined biodegradation, ultrasonic and photocatalysis, in hope of providing foundations to establish a kind of new degradation technology.
A method for the determination of phenol was established by MEKC, and was applied to detect phenol in coking wastewater. The optimum conditions was:UV detection at 275 nm, a buffer of 20 mmol/L Na2B4O7-40 mmol/L SDS, pH 9.5, separation voltage at 25 kV, respectively. The method was simple, promptly, highly steady, highly accurate and repeatability, which used as the analyze method in the after research.
A high phenol-endurance strain was isolated from activated sludge of Steel Works, Wuhu city by enriching, isolating, purifying, which could tolerate 1000 mg/L of phenol utilized as the sole carbon source. According to the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics, the strain was identified as Pseudomonas sp.. The optimum condition was:25℃, pH 8.0, liquid amount of 100 mL/250mL flask, and the quantity of inoculation at 15%, respectively. In this condition, the degradation ratio of 600 mg/L phenol was 81.71%.The growth of bacteria and phenol degradation ratio was increase by adding 100mg/L Glucose.
The feasibility of different energies contained ultrasonic, photocatalysis and ultrasonic-photocatalytic coupling technology were studied to degrade phenol. The study found that the degradation ratio could be increased efficiently by the ultrasonic-photocatalytic coupling energy fields, as the synergetic effect could be brought about in the process of combining ultrasonic and photocatalysis. The conditions of the bi-energy fields were optimized utilized SAS software. Results showed that the most important factors affecting degradation were:initial pH, H2O2 value, ultrasonic power, successively. The optimum condition was: TiO2 value at 1.0 g/L, H2O2 value at 10 mL/L, initial pH 6.0, temperature at 30℃, air flow at 3 L/min, ultrasonic frequency at 25 kHz, ultrasonic power at 221 W, and total volume at 1 L, respectively. In this condition, the phenol degradation ratio was 68.89%.
Based on the study of bi-energy fields and biology treatment, the feasibility of integrating bi-energy fields and bioreactor for phenol degradation was studied. The experimental equipment and integrated mode was primary explored. Results showed that the least reaction time for this system was 56 h when 600 mg/L could be degraded to below 0.5 mg/L at biological treatment reaction time of 47 h with bi-energy fields reaction time of 9 h. Time was saving of 9 h compared to using biological treatment exclusively, phenol degradability was enhancing of 5 times。compared to using bi-energy fields exclusively.
引文
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