新型内循环污泥浓缩消化反应器（ICSTD）特性及处理污泥性能研究
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摘要
从上世纪80年代帕克公司研制开发了厌氧IC反应器以来,IC反应器在全世界污水处理领域得到广泛研究和使用。目前,为中小城镇开发低耗、高效的城市污泥处理工艺是我国污泥处理技术研究领域亟待解决的重大课题。将浓缩和消化引入到一个反应器的新型内循环污泥浓缩消化(ICSTD)反应器,为解决这一问题提供了新的思路。本研究在吸取传统IC反应器和重力浓缩池运行机理研究成果的基础上,重新设计、制作了新型内循环污泥浓缩消化(ICSTD)反应器,本文研究了ICSTD反应器的流态特性,处理污泥的性能,分析了反应器运行性能的影响因素和反应器内的生物相。
流态试验采用外加电解质的脉冲信号响应法进行,分析了液龄分布函数,并发现ICSTD流态近似于推流式。试验发现进水流量和气体搅拌量是影响ICSTD流态特性的重要因素,推流式的流态有利于提高污染物降解性能。在ICSTD处理污泥的性能试验中,观察了ICSTD的启动性能,分析了ICSTD处理污泥的效果和反应器内生物相的变化。由于ICSTD反应器具有沼气搅拌和内循环的功能,所以污泥在反应器内消化效果良好。启动运行试验采用好氧活性污泥进行驯化培养,在日处理量为50L/d,进泥含水率为99.23%～99.46%,进泥VS/TS为0.65～0.73,进泥COD为4115mg/L～5780mg/L,反应器容积负荷为1.31KgCOD/m3·d时,排泥含水率在96.2%～97.3%,排泥VS/TS为0.48～0.57,COD去除率在95%以上,出水pH在6.6～7.1,且上清液澄清。容积负荷为1.83kgCOD/m3.d(设计负荷)、2.36kgCOD/m3.d运行阶段,在进泥性质与启动阶段相似的条件下,排泥含水率为95.3%～97.2%,排泥VS/TS为0.56～0.58,排泥比阻为220～550,出水SS为1～3,产气率为0.7～1.8 m3 /m3泥,沼气中甲烷含量为54%～75%,COD去除率在95%以上,出水pH在6.5～7.2,且反应器内污泥中产甲烷菌以索氏丝状菌为优势菌属。试验表明:ICSTD反应器浓缩效果优于普通的浓缩池(普通重力浓缩池排泥含水率为97.5%～97%),消化效果于普通消化池差距不大。
对ICSTD运行效能的检测数据统计分析后,发现影响ICSTD运行效能的主要运行条件包括:反应器的水力负荷(停留时间)、沼气搅拌和水温。试验发现,随着水力负荷的提高(在到达设计负荷之前),反应器对污泥的处理效果也相应的变好;当水温低于20℃后,反应器运行效果明显降低。
ICSTD处理城市污泥的运行性能试验表明,新型内循环污泥浓缩消化(ICSTD)反应器在继承了传统IC反应器和传统重力浓缩池的优点的基础上,将浓缩和消化集于一个反应器内,使浓缩和消化相互促进,符合低耗、高效的工艺要求。
IC reactor have been invested and used extensively in the field of wastewater treatment around the world since it was been developed by Paques Environmental Technology Co., Ltd from 1980’s. At present, to develop the sludge treatment process with low-energy and high-efficient for medium and small-size town has become the biggest task of sludge treatment process in China. In order to solve this problem, a new thought put forward is to explore Internal Circulation Thickening and Digestion (ICSTD) Reactor, in which sludge thickening and digestion process by integration. This study redesigns and makes ICSTD reactor on the basis of research and findings about traditional IC reactor and gravity thickener, researches the flow-pattern characteristics and the performance of treating sludge and analyses the influencing factor of operation performance and bio-phase inside reactor.
In order to analyze the exit-age distribution function, the flow-pattern test adopts the impulse signal response method with applied electrolyte. According to the result of experiment, it is discovered that the ICSTD flow-pattern is approximately plug flow, the impact factor of ICSTD flow-pattern characteristics is the inflow and gas agitation, the flow-pattern influence of operation performance mostly represents the degradation ratio of contamination and utilization ratio of cubage and plug flow is available for improving the degradation ratio of contamination. Because of gas agitation and inner circulation, the assimilation effect of sludge is good in working. The aerobic active sludge was adopted to domestication in the startup experiment of sludge treatment in New version of Internal Circulation Sludge Thickening and Digestion reactor (ICSTD).When the volume of per day treatment sludge is 50L/d inflow sludge’s containing water rate is 99.23%~99.46% The value of VS/TS is 0.65~0.73 the inflow of sludge’s COD is 4115mg/L～5780 mg/L, load is 1.31KgCOD/m3·d, outflow sludge’s containing water rate is 96.2%～97.3%. The value of VS/TS rises to 0.48 from 0.57 95% COD removal rate is achieved the PH of outflow is 6.6~7.1.and the liquid is clear. At the running stage of load being 1.83kgCOD/m3.d and 2.36kgCOD/m3.d, outflow sludge’s containing water rate is 96.2%～97.3%, VS/TS is 0.56～0.58, specific resistance of sludge is 220～550,SS of outflow is 1～3, gas per cubic sludge is 0.7～1.8 m3, COD removal rate is above 95%, pH is 6.5～7.2 and the predominance bacterium of methane in sludge is Methanothrix. The experiment indicates that the sludge thickening performance of ICSTD is better than the traditional thickener which water ratio of outflow sludge is 97.5%～97%, but the assimilation effect is obscure.
The statistics analysis results of operation digital shows that the running condition impacting the operation performance of ICSTD includes HRT, methane agitation and water temperature. At the same time, the effect of sludge treatment is connected with HRT except water temperature under 20℃.
The experiment of reactor indicates ICSTD accelerates the sludge thickening and digestion reciprocally through integrating thickening and digestion process, which is not only keep the virtue of traditional IC reactor and gravity thickener but coincidence with the desire of low-energy and high-efficiency.
流态试验采用外加电解质的脉冲信号响应法进行,分析了液龄分布函数,并发现ICSTD流态近似于推流式。试验发现进水流量和气体搅拌量是影响ICSTD流态特性的重要因素,推流式的流态有利于提高污染物降解性能。在ICSTD处理污泥的性能试验中,观察了ICSTD的启动性能,分析了ICSTD处理污泥的效果和反应器内生物相的变化。由于ICSTD反应器具有沼气搅拌和内循环的功能,所以污泥在反应器内消化效果良好。启动运行试验采用好氧活性污泥进行驯化培养,在日处理量为50L/d,进泥含水率为99.23%～99.46%,进泥VS/TS为0.65～0.73,进泥COD为4115mg/L～5780mg/L,反应器容积负荷为1.31KgCOD/m3·d时,排泥含水率在96.2%～97.3%,排泥VS/TS为0.48～0.57,COD去除率在95%以上,出水pH在6.6～7.1,且上清液澄清。容积负荷为1.83kgCOD/m3.d(设计负荷)、2.36kgCOD/m3.d运行阶段,在进泥性质与启动阶段相似的条件下,排泥含水率为95.3%～97.2%,排泥VS/TS为0.56～0.58,排泥比阻为220～550,出水SS为1～3,产气率为0.7～1.8 m3 /m3泥,沼气中甲烷含量为54%～75%,COD去除率在95%以上,出水pH在6.5～7.2,且反应器内污泥中产甲烷菌以索氏丝状菌为优势菌属。试验表明:ICSTD反应器浓缩效果优于普通的浓缩池(普通重力浓缩池排泥含水率为97.5%～97%),消化效果于普通消化池差距不大。
对ICSTD运行效能的检测数据统计分析后,发现影响ICSTD运行效能的主要运行条件包括:反应器的水力负荷(停留时间)、沼气搅拌和水温。试验发现,随着水力负荷的提高(在到达设计负荷之前),反应器对污泥的处理效果也相应的变好;当水温低于20℃后,反应器运行效果明显降低。
ICSTD处理城市污泥的运行性能试验表明,新型内循环污泥浓缩消化(ICSTD)反应器在继承了传统IC反应器和传统重力浓缩池的优点的基础上,将浓缩和消化集于一个反应器内,使浓缩和消化相互促进,符合低耗、高效的工艺要求。
IC reactor have been invested and used extensively in the field of wastewater treatment around the world since it was been developed by Paques Environmental Technology Co., Ltd from 1980’s. At present, to develop the sludge treatment process with low-energy and high-efficient for medium and small-size town has become the biggest task of sludge treatment process in China. In order to solve this problem, a new thought put forward is to explore Internal Circulation Thickening and Digestion (ICSTD) Reactor, in which sludge thickening and digestion process by integration. This study redesigns and makes ICSTD reactor on the basis of research and findings about traditional IC reactor and gravity thickener, researches the flow-pattern characteristics and the performance of treating sludge and analyses the influencing factor of operation performance and bio-phase inside reactor.
In order to analyze the exit-age distribution function, the flow-pattern test adopts the impulse signal response method with applied electrolyte. According to the result of experiment, it is discovered that the ICSTD flow-pattern is approximately plug flow, the impact factor of ICSTD flow-pattern characteristics is the inflow and gas agitation, the flow-pattern influence of operation performance mostly represents the degradation ratio of contamination and utilization ratio of cubage and plug flow is available for improving the degradation ratio of contamination. Because of gas agitation and inner circulation, the assimilation effect of sludge is good in working. The aerobic active sludge was adopted to domestication in the startup experiment of sludge treatment in New version of Internal Circulation Sludge Thickening and Digestion reactor (ICSTD).When the volume of per day treatment sludge is 50L/d inflow sludge’s containing water rate is 99.23%~99.46% The value of VS/TS is 0.65~0.73 the inflow of sludge’s COD is 4115mg/L～5780 mg/L, load is 1.31KgCOD/m3·d, outflow sludge’s containing water rate is 96.2%～97.3%. The value of VS/TS rises to 0.48 from 0.57 95% COD removal rate is achieved the PH of outflow is 6.6~7.1.and the liquid is clear. At the running stage of load being 1.83kgCOD/m3.d and 2.36kgCOD/m3.d, outflow sludge’s containing water rate is 96.2%～97.3%, VS/TS is 0.56～0.58, specific resistance of sludge is 220～550,SS of outflow is 1～3, gas per cubic sludge is 0.7～1.8 m3, COD removal rate is above 95%, pH is 6.5～7.2 and the predominance bacterium of methane in sludge is Methanothrix. The experiment indicates that the sludge thickening performance of ICSTD is better than the traditional thickener which water ratio of outflow sludge is 97.5%～97%, but the assimilation effect is obscure.
The statistics analysis results of operation digital shows that the running condition impacting the operation performance of ICSTD includes HRT, methane agitation and water temperature. At the same time, the effect of sludge treatment is connected with HRT except water temperature under 20℃.
The experiment of reactor indicates ICSTD accelerates the sludge thickening and digestion reciprocally through integrating thickening and digestion process, which is not only keep the virtue of traditional IC reactor and gravity thickener but coincidence with the desire of low-energy and high-efficiency.
引文
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