国营农场作物生产信息管理系统开发及数据共享技术研究
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摘要
国营农场具有管理体制行政化、农业生产规模化的特点。由于土地广袤、农田面积大而平整，因此不但农业机械化水平很高，同时农业信息技术也得到了比较广泛的应用并取得了一定的效果。但目前农业信息技术在应用过程中普遍存在基础应用缺乏、系统建设和运行成本高、重复建设等问题，使得信息技术很难有效、持续地服务农业生产并产生经济和社会效益。本文从农业生产管理和农情数据共享两个方面入手，以国营农场为应用基础开展了以下研究工作：
1、以新疆生产建设兵团团场为应用示范单位，分析团场农业生产管理需求特点以及人员、角色、权限要求，采用B/S（Browser/Server）和C/S（Client/Server）混合模式，设计开发农作物生产信息管理系统。系统综合采用分层架构、面向对象技术以及基于角色的访问控制技术，以农业生产管理过程中数据的获取、分析和管理为研究对象，以提高农业生产管理效率为目标，解决团场农业生产管理信息化的基本问题，并成为进一步深入实施农业信息技术的基础平台。
2、通过将农情数据进行合理分类，分析其数据结构特点，基于XML和AgroXML技术设计Schema文件，采用规范的XML文件描述农情数据结构，从而实现数据表述一致化，解决不同系统对数据的一致理解问题。同时基于.net平台设计开发数据解析模块，以实现不同软件系统之间的数据相互解读。
3、通过分析比较各种分布式技术的特点和应用场景，结合农情数据提供者和消费者（例如政府、企业等农业相关部门）分布广泛、动态变化的现实特点，将农情数据合理抽象为网络资源。采用REST（REpresentational State Transfer，表述性状态转移）技术设计数据访问服务接口和资源路径，并基于.net平台和WCF（Windows CommunicationFoundation）技术开发RESTFul Web服务，实现异构系统间的农情数据交互。
具体研究结果如下：
1、开发了基于兵团国营农场应用规模的农作物生产信息管理系统，系统针对农田、人员、作物、农业生产等多种数据进行管理，提供自动生成春播战报、灌溉统计等报表功能，大大提高了数据处理、分析和统计效率；设计了农业技术员、农业生产管理者、系统管理员3种角色，以及角色与时间相结合的权限控制机制；绘制了农田电子地图，使用WebGis技术实现了基础数据和农业生产数据的可视化表达。通过该系统的应用，提高了团场的农业生产管理效率，同时积累了较为全面和规范的农田管理数据，能够作为进一步全面实施农业信息技术的管理基础和数据保障。
2、使用XML文件作为农情数据表述载体，设计了4个schema文件，涵盖了农情信息表述常用的35个基础数据类型和29个复合数据类型，初步实现了现有数据的规范化描述。同时基于C#语言开发了数据解析模块，能够实现数据库记录、程序内存对象、XML文件、JSON（JavaScript Object Notation）对象4者之间的相互转换，为数据共享打下了信息描述和多形式解读的基础。
3、基于REST技术设计了农情数据共享架构，针对8种农田管理数据设计了56个资源路径，并基于WCF技术开发了相应的数据访问接口和服务实现。
本文主要创新点如下：
1、兵团农场是行政化管理体制下的大农业生产组织实体，在农业生产过程中涉及到大量人员、数据以及管理问题，应用需求十分复杂和独特。本文初步探索了针对这样的特殊需求进行信息化管理需要解决的技术平台、应用模式、运行流程等问题。
2、分析了农情数据多系统共享的大趋势以及潜在的数据提供者和消费者；提出实现数据共享必须解决数据描述和数据访问两个问题，分别采用XML和REST技术设计了解决方案并开发实现。
State-operated farm generally has the characteristics of administrative management sys-tem and large-scale agricultural production. Because of the vast land and large and levelfarmland, so not only agricultural mechanization level is very high, at the same time, a lot ofinformation technology is also got more extensive application and has obtained the certaineffect. But currently there are some widespread problems in the process of agricultural in-formation technology in the application: lack of basic application, costly system constructionand running, repeated construction and so on, make it hard for information technology to ser-vice agricultural production effectively and consistently and create economic and social ben-efits. In this paper, based on the application of state farms from two aspects: agricultural pro-duction management and agricultural data sharing, we carried out the following researchworks:
1. The characteristics of agricultural production management requirements, roles, per-missions, and personnel requirements are analyzed by XinJiang production and constructioncorps herd used as application demonstration unit, crops production management informationsystem is designed and developed based on B/S (Browser/Server) and C/S (Client/Server)mode. The system used the layered architecture, object-oriented technology and role-basedaccess control technology, to solve the basic problems of agricultural production informatio-nization in the herd by using data acquisition, analysis, and management in the process ofagriculture production management as the research object, improving the efficiency of agri-cultural production and management as the goal, which could used as the basis platform forfurther implementation of agricultural information technologies.
2. Agricultural data is classified reasonable and the data structure characteristics is ana-lysed, the schema files is designed based on XML and AgroXML, so as to realize consistentdata representation by using normative XML files to describe agricultural data, and to solvethe problem of consistent data understanding between different systems. At the same time, inorder to realize the mutual interpretation of data between different software systems, dataparsing module is design and developed based on the.net platform.
3. The characteristics of all kinds of distributed technology and application scenarios arecompared. In combination with the realistic characteristics of widely distribution and dynam-ic changing of agricultural data providers and consumers (agricultural departments such asgovernment, enterprises and so on), the agricultural data is rationally abstracted as networkresources. REST (REpresentational State Transfer, declarative State Transfer) technology isused to design data access service interface and the resource path, and RESTFul Web servicesare developed based on.net platform and WCF (Windows Communication Foundation)technology, which could achieve agricultural data interaction between heterogeneous sys-tems.
Specific research results are as follows:
1. The production information management system is developed based on the productionand construction corps state-owned farm scale, which manage many kinds of data such asfarmland, personnel, crop, agricultural production and so on, and could provide automaticgeneration of many reports such as spring sowing report and irrigation statistical report,which greatly improved the efficiency of data processing, analysis and statistics; The accesscontrol mechanism of combination with roles and time and the3kinds of roles such as agri-cultural technicians, agricultural production managers, system administrators are designed;The fields electronic map is drew, the visual expression of basic data and agricultural produc-tion data has realized by using WebGis technology. Through the application of the system, theherd’s agricultural production and management efficiency has improved, and at the same timeaccumulated acomprehensive and standard farmland management data, which can be as amanagement foundation and data security for further comprehensive implementation of agri-cultural information technology.
2. Four schema files are designed by using XML file as agricultural data expression car-rier, which covers the35basic data types and29compound data types that agricultural in-formation expression commonly used, and the standardization of the existing data descriptionis preliminarily realized. At the same time, data parsing modules are developed based on C#language to realize mutual conversion between the four objects: database records, programmemory objects, XML files, JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) objects, which form thefoundation of information description and multiform reading for data sharing.
3. The agricultural data sharing framework are designed based on REST technology, and56resource paths are designed for eight kinds of farmland management data, at the same time,the corresponding data access interface and service implementation is developed based onWCF technology.
The main innovation points as follows:
1. the corps farms is an agricultural production organization entity under administrationmanagement system, involves large amount of people, data, and management issues in theprocess of agricultural production, and has very complicated and unique application require-ments. This paper preliminary exploration on the issues such as technology platform, applica-tion model, operation process and so on which should solve in terms of management infor-matization under such special application requirement.
2. The trends of agricultural data sharing between different systems and potential dataproviders and consumers are analyzed; Two issues of data description and data access thatmust solved for data sharing are proposed, the solution design and implementation develop-ment are achieved by using XML and REST.
1、以新疆生产建设兵团团场为应用示范单位，分析团场农业生产管理需求特点以及人员、角色、权限要求，采用B/S（Browser/Server）和C/S（Client/Server）混合模式，设计开发农作物生产信息管理系统。系统综合采用分层架构、面向对象技术以及基于角色的访问控制技术，以农业生产管理过程中数据的获取、分析和管理为研究对象，以提高农业生产管理效率为目标，解决团场农业生产管理信息化的基本问题，并成为进一步深入实施农业信息技术的基础平台。
2、通过将农情数据进行合理分类，分析其数据结构特点，基于XML和AgroXML技术设计Schema文件，采用规范的XML文件描述农情数据结构，从而实现数据表述一致化，解决不同系统对数据的一致理解问题。同时基于.net平台设计开发数据解析模块，以实现不同软件系统之间的数据相互解读。
3、通过分析比较各种分布式技术的特点和应用场景，结合农情数据提供者和消费者（例如政府、企业等农业相关部门）分布广泛、动态变化的现实特点，将农情数据合理抽象为网络资源。采用REST（REpresentational State Transfer，表述性状态转移）技术设计数据访问服务接口和资源路径，并基于.net平台和WCF（Windows CommunicationFoundation）技术开发RESTFul Web服务，实现异构系统间的农情数据交互。
具体研究结果如下：
1、开发了基于兵团国营农场应用规模的农作物生产信息管理系统，系统针对农田、人员、作物、农业生产等多种数据进行管理，提供自动生成春播战报、灌溉统计等报表功能，大大提高了数据处理、分析和统计效率；设计了农业技术员、农业生产管理者、系统管理员3种角色，以及角色与时间相结合的权限控制机制；绘制了农田电子地图，使用WebGis技术实现了基础数据和农业生产数据的可视化表达。通过该系统的应用，提高了团场的农业生产管理效率，同时积累了较为全面和规范的农田管理数据，能够作为进一步全面实施农业信息技术的管理基础和数据保障。
2、使用XML文件作为农情数据表述载体，设计了4个schema文件，涵盖了农情信息表述常用的35个基础数据类型和29个复合数据类型，初步实现了现有数据的规范化描述。同时基于C#语言开发了数据解析模块，能够实现数据库记录、程序内存对象、XML文件、JSON（JavaScript Object Notation）对象4者之间的相互转换，为数据共享打下了信息描述和多形式解读的基础。
3、基于REST技术设计了农情数据共享架构，针对8种农田管理数据设计了56个资源路径，并基于WCF技术开发了相应的数据访问接口和服务实现。
本文主要创新点如下：
1、兵团农场是行政化管理体制下的大农业生产组织实体，在农业生产过程中涉及到大量人员、数据以及管理问题，应用需求十分复杂和独特。本文初步探索了针对这样的特殊需求进行信息化管理需要解决的技术平台、应用模式、运行流程等问题。
2、分析了农情数据多系统共享的大趋势以及潜在的数据提供者和消费者；提出实现数据共享必须解决数据描述和数据访问两个问题，分别采用XML和REST技术设计了解决方案并开发实现。
State-operated farm generally has the characteristics of administrative management sys-tem and large-scale agricultural production. Because of the vast land and large and levelfarmland, so not only agricultural mechanization level is very high, at the same time, a lot ofinformation technology is also got more extensive application and has obtained the certaineffect. But currently there are some widespread problems in the process of agricultural in-formation technology in the application: lack of basic application, costly system constructionand running, repeated construction and so on, make it hard for information technology to ser-vice agricultural production effectively and consistently and create economic and social ben-efits. In this paper, based on the application of state farms from two aspects: agricultural pro-duction management and agricultural data sharing, we carried out the following researchworks:
1. The characteristics of agricultural production management requirements, roles, per-missions, and personnel requirements are analyzed by XinJiang production and constructioncorps herd used as application demonstration unit, crops production management informationsystem is designed and developed based on B/S (Browser/Server) and C/S (Client/Server)mode. The system used the layered architecture, object-oriented technology and role-basedaccess control technology, to solve the basic problems of agricultural production informatio-nization in the herd by using data acquisition, analysis, and management in the process ofagriculture production management as the research object, improving the efficiency of agri-cultural production and management as the goal, which could used as the basis platform forfurther implementation of agricultural information technologies.
2. Agricultural data is classified reasonable and the data structure characteristics is ana-lysed, the schema files is designed based on XML and AgroXML, so as to realize consistentdata representation by using normative XML files to describe agricultural data, and to solvethe problem of consistent data understanding between different systems. At the same time, inorder to realize the mutual interpretation of data between different software systems, dataparsing module is design and developed based on the.net platform.
3. The characteristics of all kinds of distributed technology and application scenarios arecompared. In combination with the realistic characteristics of widely distribution and dynam-ic changing of agricultural data providers and consumers (agricultural departments such asgovernment, enterprises and so on), the agricultural data is rationally abstracted as networkresources. REST (REpresentational State Transfer, declarative State Transfer) technology isused to design data access service interface and the resource path, and RESTFul Web servicesare developed based on.net platform and WCF (Windows Communication Foundation)technology, which could achieve agricultural data interaction between heterogeneous sys-tems.
Specific research results are as follows:
1. The production information management system is developed based on the productionand construction corps state-owned farm scale, which manage many kinds of data such asfarmland, personnel, crop, agricultural production and so on, and could provide automaticgeneration of many reports such as spring sowing report and irrigation statistical report,which greatly improved the efficiency of data processing, analysis and statistics; The accesscontrol mechanism of combination with roles and time and the3kinds of roles such as agri-cultural technicians, agricultural production managers, system administrators are designed;The fields electronic map is drew, the visual expression of basic data and agricultural produc-tion data has realized by using WebGis technology. Through the application of the system, theherd’s agricultural production and management efficiency has improved, and at the same timeaccumulated acomprehensive and standard farmland management data, which can be as amanagement foundation and data security for further comprehensive implementation of agri-cultural information technology.
2. Four schema files are designed by using XML file as agricultural data expression car-rier, which covers the35basic data types and29compound data types that agricultural in-formation expression commonly used, and the standardization of the existing data descriptionis preliminarily realized. At the same time, data parsing modules are developed based on C#language to realize mutual conversion between the four objects: database records, programmemory objects, XML files, JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) objects, which form thefoundation of information description and multiform reading for data sharing.
3. The agricultural data sharing framework are designed based on REST technology, and56resource paths are designed for eight kinds of farmland management data, at the same time,the corresponding data access interface and service implementation is developed based onWCF technology.
The main innovation points as follows:
1. the corps farms is an agricultural production organization entity under administrationmanagement system, involves large amount of people, data, and management issues in theprocess of agricultural production, and has very complicated and unique application require-ments. This paper preliminary exploration on the issues such as technology platform, applica-tion model, operation process and so on which should solve in terms of management infor-matization under such special application requirement.
2. The trends of agricultural data sharing between different systems and potential dataproviders and consumers are analyzed; Two issues of data description and data access thatmust solved for data sharing are proposed, the solution design and implementation develop-ment are achieved by using XML and REST.
引文
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