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哈尔滨地区花境专家系统的研究
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摘要
花境是一种重要的花卉应用形式。由于设计者需要熟练掌握大量的花卉素材及美学设计技巧,才能够科学而快速地进行花境的设计。因此,没有丰富的实践阅历,难以进行花境的设计。我们以哈尔滨地区为植物的选择区域,通过研究开发花境专家系统,使花境的设计者借助于花境专家系统强大的知识库及推理功能,比较轻松地进行花境的设计,以及得到有关栽培问题的具有专家水平的解答与帮助。
     通过对花境设计领域知识的需求分析,我们确定了知识资源的结构与内容。通过对哈尔滨地区的适于作花境的植物资源进行实地调查,观察两年的物候特点,拍摄实物及应用照片;通过书籍、期刊杂志及网络途径,获得哈尔滨地区花境植物素材及花境设计、施工的相关公开知识;汇集多位领域专家的花境植物栽培及设计、管理的经验知识,建立通用型的哈尔滨地区花境专家系统的知识库。并根据专家的经验知识,建立花境设计的推理规则。
     本系统利用现代关系数据库技术存储素材领域知识、设计领域知识、栽培领域知识、图片等。同时,利用基于CLISP的Jess系统维护花境设计、栽培养护等方面的推理规则,并结合背景事实执行必要的推理任务。花境专家系统技术层面上分为知识库(Knowledge Base)、推理机(Reasoning Engine)、用户界面(User Interface)等部分;功能上分为花境轴助设计系统和花境栽培养护系统两个子系统,前者为主系统,后者为从系统。
     本系统的研究经过两年的努力,观测了200种花境植物的萌芽、展叶、现蕾、初花期、盛花期、末花期、果期、黄枯期,并拍摄了2000多张不同部位的形态识别、群体的观赏效果及设计应用图片。同时收集了国内外大量的花境设计实例图片。通过对100余本书籍的搜集研究建立了十万余字的素材知识库。系统知识库中包括花境素材库、图片库、基础库、施工及养护管理库。有录入维护模块、查询模块、识别模块、花境的基础知识模块、图片浏览模块。推理机采用了基于规则的推理,花境设计时的推理实现了不同的设计要素对花境景观设计的不同重要性。用户界面采用了多媒体技术和超级链接技术,使界面直观明了,使用方便。
The flower border is a kind of important flower application form. Because designers need to be well-trained to master a large amount of flower materials and esthetics techniques to design the flower border quickly. Therefore, it is difficult to design a flower border without abundant experience. We regard Harbin as region choice of plants and research the flower border expert system. The designers can make a flower border design easily and get an expert solution of the cultivation problems by asking for this system which has the mighty knowledge base and reasoning function.
    We make the construction and contents of the knowledge by the need analysis of the flower border design. And we investigate the ornamental plants in Harbin, then choose plants which is suitable for the flower border, observing two years' phenology characteristics, taking pictures of those plants, acquiring public knowledge of those plant materials in Harbin area, flower border designing and construction by books, magazines and networks, gathering together several experts' knowledge and experience of cultivation, flower border design and management. On such foundation, we establish a general use type knowledge base of expert system. Moreover, according to the expert's experience knowledge, we establish the reasoning rules of flower border design.
    This system makes use of modern relation database techniques save the knowledge of material, design, picture, cultivation etc. At the same time, we use Jess system according to CUSP to maintain the reasoning rules of design and management, and combine the background facts to carry out to reasoning work. On technique level, this system is divided into the Knowledge Base, Reasoning Engine, User Interface etc. And on the function level, the system is consist of the assistance of the flower border design and the cultivation system. The former is main system, the latter is from the system.
    Through two years' effort, we observe 200 hundred kinds of plants' phenology characteristics including embryotic, exhibition leaf, flower bud, beginning flower period, prosperous flower period, end flower period, fruit period, withered period. We take more than 2000 pictures and collect the domestic and international flower border pictures at the same time. We establish the material knowledge base of more than 100,000 words. It includes the material base, picture base, fountion base, construction and management base in this system knowledge base. Reasoning engine adopts the reason according to add regularly, realizing the different importance of different design factors in the process design. The user interface adopts the multi-media technique with the super conjunction technique, making the interface simple and convenient.
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