基于OFDM的电力线通信系统的研究
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摘要
电力线通信(PLC)以输电线路为载波信号的传输媒介完成传送数据和交换信息过程。在调制技术、传输技术和信号处理技术进步的推动下,电力线通信技术也有了进一步的发展。并且多载波调制技术的出现结束了单载波调制技术的时代,传输速率得到大幅度的提高。
本文通过对电力线通信技术以及正交频分复用(OFDM)技术的技术特点的分析,总结出二者相结合应用的原因,并以此作为论文研究的基础。在此基础上,归纳总结了电力线信道的特性及对传输信号所造成的影响,建立了具有实用性的低压电力信道的模型。研究了OFDM技术的基本原理,确定了基于OFDM技术的电力线通信的具体实现过程。通过对比分析设计完成了OFDM技术在应用过程中的关键技术的解决方案及具体的实现方法。阐述了OFDM技术中FFT算法应用在本系统中的优越性在于可直接调用处理器的库函数。
在相关理论知识及OFDM关键技术的方案确定的基础上,设计了以STM32F103ZET6为核心处理芯片的硬件系统,该芯片的优点在于价格低廉,在降低成本的同时,可以达到技术参数的要求。在Protel99软件中,完成了A/D数据采集电路、电源转换电路、存储器接口电路、JTAG接口电路等各部分电路的设计。以此硬件平台为基础,设计了电力线载波通信过程中发送、接收数据及同步等重要环节的实现流程,借助ARM的开发环境IAR,完成了相应C程序的编写和调试。在硬件平台及软件程序调试通过的基础上,构建了完整的PLC系统,进行了数据的传输,并在PC机上利用通过LabVIEW设计的观察窗口,借助串口实时观察传输前后的数据,从而实现了利用OFDM技术完成在电力线中进行数据传输的过程。
Power Line Communication(PLC) takes power line as transmission media to complete a data transmission and information exchange.With the development of the technologies of modulation, transmission and signal processing, power line communication has been further developed. And the era of single-carrier modulation has terminated because of the emergence of multi-carrier modulation, and the transmission rate is improved greatly.
This article through the analysis of technical characteristics of power lines communication technology and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technology, summarizes their combining application reasons, which can be used as the basis for research. On this basis, the article summaries the characteristics of power line channel and its influences on transmission signal, sets up a voltage power line channel model for use. This paper studies the basic principle of the OFDM technology, and confirms the implementation of power line communication based on OFDM technology. Through the comparison and analysis, key technical solutions and realization methods are designed and finished in OFDM technology application process. The paper expounds the superiority of FFT algorithm in OFDM technology that is used in this system can be calling processor library function directly.
On the basis of the related theoretical knowledge and the determine of OFDM key technologies’scheme, the core of hardware system design is STM32F103ZET6, the advantage of the chip is that low price. The cost is reduced, and at the same time the requirements of technical parameters are satisfied. The designs of A/D data sampling circuit, the power conversion circuit, memory interface circuit, JTAG interface circuit and other circuits are completed in Protel99 software. The implementation scheme of sending data, receiving data and synchronous are designed, which is based on this hardware platform in Power line carrier-current communication. The compiling and debugging of C program are finished in the IAR development environment. On the basis of hardware platform and software program test, the paper constructs a complete set of PLC system that carries out data transmission, and uses the observation window that designs by LabVIEW in PC, with a serial port observing transmission of data before and after all the time, thus process of using OFDM technology to perform in data transmission in power line is came true.
本文通过对电力线通信技术以及正交频分复用(OFDM)技术的技术特点的分析,总结出二者相结合应用的原因,并以此作为论文研究的基础。在此基础上,归纳总结了电力线信道的特性及对传输信号所造成的影响,建立了具有实用性的低压电力信道的模型。研究了OFDM技术的基本原理,确定了基于OFDM技术的电力线通信的具体实现过程。通过对比分析设计完成了OFDM技术在应用过程中的关键技术的解决方案及具体的实现方法。阐述了OFDM技术中FFT算法应用在本系统中的优越性在于可直接调用处理器的库函数。
在相关理论知识及OFDM关键技术的方案确定的基础上,设计了以STM32F103ZET6为核心处理芯片的硬件系统,该芯片的优点在于价格低廉,在降低成本的同时,可以达到技术参数的要求。在Protel99软件中,完成了A/D数据采集电路、电源转换电路、存储器接口电路、JTAG接口电路等各部分电路的设计。以此硬件平台为基础,设计了电力线载波通信过程中发送、接收数据及同步等重要环节的实现流程,借助ARM的开发环境IAR,完成了相应C程序的编写和调试。在硬件平台及软件程序调试通过的基础上,构建了完整的PLC系统,进行了数据的传输,并在PC机上利用通过LabVIEW设计的观察窗口,借助串口实时观察传输前后的数据,从而实现了利用OFDM技术完成在电力线中进行数据传输的过程。
Power Line Communication(PLC) takes power line as transmission media to complete a data transmission and information exchange.With the development of the technologies of modulation, transmission and signal processing, power line communication has been further developed. And the era of single-carrier modulation has terminated because of the emergence of multi-carrier modulation, and the transmission rate is improved greatly.
This article through the analysis of technical characteristics of power lines communication technology and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technology, summarizes their combining application reasons, which can be used as the basis for research. On this basis, the article summaries the characteristics of power line channel and its influences on transmission signal, sets up a voltage power line channel model for use. This paper studies the basic principle of the OFDM technology, and confirms the implementation of power line communication based on OFDM technology. Through the comparison and analysis, key technical solutions and realization methods are designed and finished in OFDM technology application process. The paper expounds the superiority of FFT algorithm in OFDM technology that is used in this system can be calling processor library function directly.
On the basis of the related theoretical knowledge and the determine of OFDM key technologies’scheme, the core of hardware system design is STM32F103ZET6, the advantage of the chip is that low price. The cost is reduced, and at the same time the requirements of technical parameters are satisfied. The designs of A/D data sampling circuit, the power conversion circuit, memory interface circuit, JTAG interface circuit and other circuits are completed in Protel99 software. The implementation scheme of sending data, receiving data and synchronous are designed, which is based on this hardware platform in Power line carrier-current communication. The compiling and debugging of C program are finished in the IAR development environment. On the basis of hardware platform and software program test, the paper constructs a complete set of PLC system that carries out data transmission, and uses the observation window that designs by LabVIEW in PC, with a serial port observing transmission of data before and after all the time, thus process of using OFDM technology to perform in data transmission in power line is came true.
引文
[1]王华林,张礼勇,张旭辉.基于低压电力线通信技术计算机网络的研究[J].哈尔滨理工大学学报,2009,(6):5-8.
[2]齐淑清.电力线通信(PLC)技术与应用[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2005:1-14.
[3] Speth M, Fechtel S, Fock G. Broadband transmission using OFDM: system performance and receiver complexity[C]. In International Zurich Seminar on broadband communications, Zurich, Switzerland, Feb 1998: 99-104.
[4]汪裕民.OFDM关键技术与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007:13-32.
[5] Charles J Kim, Mohamed F Chouikha. Attenuation Characteristics of High Rate Home-Networking PLC Signals[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2002, 17(4): 945-950.
[6] B Hirosaki. An orthogonally multiplexed QAM system using the discrete fourier transform. IEEETrans. Commun, July1981, vol. COM-29, pp. 982-989.
[7] L J Cimini, Analysis and simulation of a digital mobile channel using orthogonal frequencydivision multiplexing. IEEE Trans, Commun, July1985, vol. COM-33, 665-675.
[8] Weinstein S, Ebert P. Data Transmission by frequency-Division multiplexing Using the Discrete Fourier Transform[J]. IEEE Transactions on Communications. 1971, 19(5):628-634.
[9] Erik G.Larsson, Guoqing Liu, Jian Li. Joint Symbol Timing and Channel Estimation for OFDM Based WLANs[J]. IEEE Communication Letters, 2001, 5(8):325-327.
[10]马强,陈启美,李勃.跻身未来的电力线通信(二)电力线信道分析及模型[J].电力线系统自动化,2003,27(4):72-76.
[11]张秀秀.低压电力线信道特性分析[J].长治学院学报,2008,25(5):28-30.
[12] M. Zimmermann and K. Dostert,“Analysis and modeling of impulsive noise in broad-band power-line communications”, IEEE transactions on communications, vol. 44, No.1, pp. 249-258, February 2002.
[13] IEEE P 1901TM_Annex_C & N model_v0.0, March 6, 2006.
[14]张有兵,何海波等.低压电力线载波通信中信道模型的研究[J].继电器,2002,30(5):20-24.
[15]张春燕.基于OFDM技术的电力线通信系统研究[D].哈尔滨工程大学,2007:15-17.
[16]张有兵,程时杰等.低压电力线载波通信信道的建模研究[J].电力系统自化,2002,(26):62-66.
[17] M. Gotz, M. Rapp and K. Dostert. Power line channel characteristics and their effect on communication system design. Communications Magazine, IEEE, volum.42, Issue:4, Apr. 2004, pp.78-86.
[18]尹长川,罗涛,乐光新.多载波宽带无线通信技术[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2004.
[19]佟学俭,罗涛.OFDM移动通信技术原理与应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2003.
[20]王绍丽.正交频分复用系统同步算法研究[D].西安电子科技大学,2008:8-10.
[21]董杰. OFDM系统中的同步算法研究[D].大连理工大学,2006:7-10.
[22]沈保锁,侯春萍.现代通信原理[M].天津:天津科学技术出版社,2000.
[23]张春艳.基于OFDM技术的电力线通信系统研究[D].哈尔滨工程大学,2007:4-6.
[24]朱秋萍,朱亮,戴加良.一种基于PN训练序列的OFDM时频同步算法[J].武汉大学学报,2008,54(2):95-98.
[25]啜钢,王文博,常永宇等.移动通信原理与应用[M].北京:邮电大学出版社,2005:89-116.
[26]张宁炜,庞伟正,付霞等.基于导频和循环前缀联合的OFDM系统频率同步算法[J].应用科技,2007,(9):61-64.
[27]李绪诚,杨鲁平,张正平.一种改进的基于训练序列的OFDM符号同步算法[J].光通信研究,2007,(6):54-56.
[28]姜江,吴长奇,艾艳锦.OFDM在电力线通信中的同步技术[J].信息技术,2004,(3):16.
[29] Uf Tureli, Krishna Madhavan Pillai and Rajesh Ambati. Performance comparison of OFDM Carrier synchronization algorithms with Diversity[C], 2003 Conference on Information Sciences and Systems, The Johns Hopkins University, March 12-14, 2003.
[30] B Yang, Z Ma, and Z Cao. ML-Oriented DA Sampling Clock Synchronizationfor OFDM Systems[C]. IEEE on International Conference, 2000, (1):781-784.
[31] So Ra Park, Young Ho Jung. Low-Complexity Symbol Timing Offset Estimation Schemes for OFDM Systems[J], ETRI Journal, 2002, 24(3).
[32]邓庆.OFDM系统峰均比抑制技术的研究[D].电子科技大学,2009:12.
[33]田毅辉.降低OFDM系统峰均功率比的研究[D].哈尔滨工程大学,2009:5.
[34]马琴,王华奎,周志平.OFDM系统中降低PAPR技术研究[J].科技情报开发与经济,2007,17(2):144.
[35]谢瑶,周力,雷鸣.限幅技术对OFDM系统峰均比抑制的研究与仿真[J].计算机仿真,2010,27(2):369-371.
[36]周恩,张兴,吕召彪,孙宇昊.下一代宽带无线通信OFDM与MIMO技术[M].北京人民邮电出版社,2008.
[37] Lee D H, Cheun K W. Coarse Symbol Synchronization Algorithms for OFDM System in Multipath[J]. IEEE Communications Letters. 2002, 69(10):446-448.
[38]郑蕾.基于OFDM技术的PLC通信系统中同步算法的研究及其FPGA实现[D].东南大学,2006:5-8.
[39]张鑫.OFDM峰平比抑制关键技术研究[D].电子科技大学,2008:6-7.
[40] STM32F103ZET6数据手册.www.alldatasheet.com.
[41] AD9057数据手册.www.alldatasheet.com.
[42]王辉,汪晓岩,胡庆生.基于电力线信道的OFDM同步算法的仿真[J].电力系统通信,2008,29(190):26-31.
[43]曹青.基于OFDM的电力线通信系统的帧同步算法[J].网络与应用,2008,(10):45-47.
[44]张宁炜,庞伟正,付霞等.基于导频和循环前缀联合的OFDM系统频率同步算法[J].应用科技,2007,(9):61-64.
[45]程静远,陈磊.基于OFDM电力线通信系统的同步方案设计[J].华东电力,2006,34(8):104-107.
[2]齐淑清.电力线通信(PLC)技术与应用[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2005:1-14.
[3] Speth M, Fechtel S, Fock G. Broadband transmission using OFDM: system performance and receiver complexity[C]. In International Zurich Seminar on broadband communications, Zurich, Switzerland, Feb 1998: 99-104.
[4]汪裕民.OFDM关键技术与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007:13-32.
[5] Charles J Kim, Mohamed F Chouikha. Attenuation Characteristics of High Rate Home-Networking PLC Signals[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2002, 17(4): 945-950.
[6] B Hirosaki. An orthogonally multiplexed QAM system using the discrete fourier transform. IEEETrans. Commun, July1981, vol. COM-29, pp. 982-989.
[7] L J Cimini, Analysis and simulation of a digital mobile channel using orthogonal frequencydivision multiplexing. IEEE Trans, Commun, July1985, vol. COM-33, 665-675.
[8] Weinstein S, Ebert P. Data Transmission by frequency-Division multiplexing Using the Discrete Fourier Transform[J]. IEEE Transactions on Communications. 1971, 19(5):628-634.
[9] Erik G.Larsson, Guoqing Liu, Jian Li. Joint Symbol Timing and Channel Estimation for OFDM Based WLANs[J]. IEEE Communication Letters, 2001, 5(8):325-327.
[10]马强,陈启美,李勃.跻身未来的电力线通信(二)电力线信道分析及模型[J].电力线系统自动化,2003,27(4):72-76.
[11]张秀秀.低压电力线信道特性分析[J].长治学院学报,2008,25(5):28-30.
[12] M. Zimmermann and K. Dostert,“Analysis and modeling of impulsive noise in broad-band power-line communications”, IEEE transactions on communications, vol. 44, No.1, pp. 249-258, February 2002.
[13] IEEE P 1901TM_Annex_C & N model_v0.0, March 6, 2006.
[14]张有兵,何海波等.低压电力线载波通信中信道模型的研究[J].继电器,2002,30(5):20-24.
[15]张春燕.基于OFDM技术的电力线通信系统研究[D].哈尔滨工程大学,2007:15-17.
[16]张有兵,程时杰等.低压电力线载波通信信道的建模研究[J].电力系统自化,2002,(26):62-66.
[17] M. Gotz, M. Rapp and K. Dostert. Power line channel characteristics and their effect on communication system design. Communications Magazine, IEEE, volum.42, Issue:4, Apr. 2004, pp.78-86.
[18]尹长川,罗涛,乐光新.多载波宽带无线通信技术[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2004.
[19]佟学俭,罗涛.OFDM移动通信技术原理与应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2003.
[20]王绍丽.正交频分复用系统同步算法研究[D].西安电子科技大学,2008:8-10.
[21]董杰. OFDM系统中的同步算法研究[D].大连理工大学,2006:7-10.
[22]沈保锁,侯春萍.现代通信原理[M].天津:天津科学技术出版社,2000.
[23]张春艳.基于OFDM技术的电力线通信系统研究[D].哈尔滨工程大学,2007:4-6.
[24]朱秋萍,朱亮,戴加良.一种基于PN训练序列的OFDM时频同步算法[J].武汉大学学报,2008,54(2):95-98.
[25]啜钢,王文博,常永宇等.移动通信原理与应用[M].北京:邮电大学出版社,2005:89-116.
[26]张宁炜,庞伟正,付霞等.基于导频和循环前缀联合的OFDM系统频率同步算法[J].应用科技,2007,(9):61-64.
[27]李绪诚,杨鲁平,张正平.一种改进的基于训练序列的OFDM符号同步算法[J].光通信研究,2007,(6):54-56.
[28]姜江,吴长奇,艾艳锦.OFDM在电力线通信中的同步技术[J].信息技术,2004,(3):16.
[29] Uf Tureli, Krishna Madhavan Pillai and Rajesh Ambati. Performance comparison of OFDM Carrier synchronization algorithms with Diversity[C], 2003 Conference on Information Sciences and Systems, The Johns Hopkins University, March 12-14, 2003.
[30] B Yang, Z Ma, and Z Cao. ML-Oriented DA Sampling Clock Synchronizationfor OFDM Systems[C]. IEEE on International Conference, 2000, (1):781-784.
[31] So Ra Park, Young Ho Jung. Low-Complexity Symbol Timing Offset Estimation Schemes for OFDM Systems[J], ETRI Journal, 2002, 24(3).
[32]邓庆.OFDM系统峰均比抑制技术的研究[D].电子科技大学,2009:12.
[33]田毅辉.降低OFDM系统峰均功率比的研究[D].哈尔滨工程大学,2009:5.
[34]马琴,王华奎,周志平.OFDM系统中降低PAPR技术研究[J].科技情报开发与经济,2007,17(2):144.
[35]谢瑶,周力,雷鸣.限幅技术对OFDM系统峰均比抑制的研究与仿真[J].计算机仿真,2010,27(2):369-371.
[36]周恩,张兴,吕召彪,孙宇昊.下一代宽带无线通信OFDM与MIMO技术[M].北京人民邮电出版社,2008.
[37] Lee D H, Cheun K W. Coarse Symbol Synchronization Algorithms for OFDM System in Multipath[J]. IEEE Communications Letters. 2002, 69(10):446-448.
[38]郑蕾.基于OFDM技术的PLC通信系统中同步算法的研究及其FPGA实现[D].东南大学,2006:5-8.
[39]张鑫.OFDM峰平比抑制关键技术研究[D].电子科技大学,2008:6-7.
[40] STM32F103ZET6数据手册.www.alldatasheet.com.
[41] AD9057数据手册.www.alldatasheet.com.
[42]王辉,汪晓岩,胡庆生.基于电力线信道的OFDM同步算法的仿真[J].电力系统通信,2008,29(190):26-31.
[43]曹青.基于OFDM的电力线通信系统的帧同步算法[J].网络与应用,2008,(10):45-47.
[44]张宁炜,庞伟正,付霞等.基于导频和循环前缀联合的OFDM系统频率同步算法[J].应用科技,2007,(9):61-64.
[45]程静远,陈磊.基于OFDM电力线通信系统的同步方案设计[J].华东电力,2006,34(8):104-107.