广州市中学生血压水平及影响因素的研究
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摘要
青少年高血压患病率近年来明显上升,已成为备受关注的健康问题。我国青少年高血压抽样调查结果中,患病率从90年代1%左右上升到2004年4.15%,部分城市青少年高血压检出率高达7%-8%。在儿童青少年高血压危险因素调查中发现,青少年肥胖问题也日益突出。研究发现青少年高血压与肥胖和其它危险因素包括家庭因素、生活行为方式等有联系,肥胖儿童比体重正常者患高血压的危险性高3倍。流行病学研究正在探讨通过减肥从而减少青少年高血压的可能性。
目的探讨广州市中学生高血压的发生率,以及高血压与肥胖、生活行为方式和家庭因素的关系,为制定中学生血压干预措施提供依据。
方法采用现状调查方法,按整群随机抽样方法抽取广州市四所中学初1到高2年级共4542名中学生进行问卷调查和体格检查。采用SPSS 13.0软件包进行数据录入和处理,依据资料类型分别采用χ2检验、秩和检验和多因素Logistic回归分析来评价中学生高血压可能的危险因素。
结果
1、以2005年中国学生体质与健康研究报告中学生血压数据P90和P95为诊断标准,得广州中学生高血压前期检出率为10.6%(男生为14.5%,女生为7.2%),高血压检出率为4.7%(男生为5.2%,女生为4.2%)。
2、以国际科学学会中国肥胖工作组推荐的《中国学龄儿童BMI超重、肥胖筛查分类标准》为诊断标准,采用2005年中国学生体质与健康研究报告中学生BMI数据P85和P95为参考值,进行学生的超重和肥胖的检测,得男女生超重率分别为12.7%和5.0%,男女生肥胖率分别为6.46%和2.5%。
3、肥胖是广州中学生高血压的重要危险因素；当用BMI将学生体重分为正常组、超重组和肥胖组时,超重组的高血压比正常组高,肥胖组比超重组高。
4、多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,BMI与高血压呈正相关。OR=3.826(95%CI:3.125,4.864)。
结论
以2005年中国学生体质与健康研究报告中学生血压数据P95为诊断标准,广州市中学生高血压检出率为4.7%。肥胖是青少年高血压的重要影响因素。提示对于肥胖青少年,应采取有效的干预措施,以减少其发展为成人高血压的危险性,这对于预防成人期高血压及相关疾病非常重要。
Hypertension almost increases sreadily since the past decade,and has become an increasingly important medical problem in children and adolescents. In national surveys from the 1990s to the 2000s, the prevalence of hypertension in children grew from 1% to 7-8%. Moreover childhood overweight and obesity,which are independent risk factors of hypertension Outcomes related to childhood hypertension,and induce a prevalence of childhood and adolescent. Primary hypertension in children has become increasingly common in association with obesity and other risk factors, including a family history of and life behavior.Obese children are at approximately a 3-fold higher risk for hypertension than nonobese children. The benefits of weight loss for blood pressure reduction in children have been demonstrated in both observational and interventional studies.
Objective:To found the incidence of high blood pressure, and to explore the association between body mass index(BMI), living behavioral factors and family factors of students and high blood pressure, provide vidences for prevention of hypertension in adolscents aged 11 to 18 in Guanzhou.
Methods:This was a cross-sectional study used by simple cluster sampling method.Medical check-up and a youth risk behavior questionnaire were conducted with students for a total of 4542 from 4 middle schools in Guangzhou. Chi-square and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were performed to explore relationships between blood pressure levels and the relative factors including obesity.
Results:
1. According to the data for the diagnostic criteria of blood pressure in Report on the Physical Fitness and Health Surveillance of Chinese School in 2005 (P90 and P95), Hypertension detection rate of prehypertension was 10.6%(14.5% for boys and girls 7.2%),and the prevalence rate of hypertension was 4.7% (5.2% for boys and for girls 4.2%) in high school students in Guangzhou.
2. The International Academy of Sciences recommended by the Working Group on Obesity in China, "China's school-age children BMI of overweight and obesity screening classification criteria" for the diagnostic criteria, the use of 2005 Chinese students study physical and health data in P85 and P95 high school students for the BMI reference values for students. The detection of overweight and obesity rates, have overweight rates 12.7% for boys and 5.0% for girls, Obesity rates were 6.46% for boys and 2.5% for girls.
3 Obesity is the most important risk factors of high blood pressure in high school students in Guangzhou,when the students with BMI divided into normal weight, overweight and obese group, high blood pressure in overweight morer than in normal group, and high blood pressure in the obese group morer than overweight high.
4. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed, BMI was risk factor of high blood pressure。OR=3.826 (95%CI:3.125,4.864)。
Conclusions:
According to the data for the diagnostic criteria of blood pressure in Report on the Physical Fitness and Health Surveillance of Chinese School in 2005 (P95), Hypertension detection rate was 4.7%(5.2% for boys and for girls 4.2%) in high school students in Guangzhou.Obesity play important roles in the progress of adolescent hypertension. The adolescent hypertension may develop to adulthood,so prevention of hypertension should be conducted from chikdren and adolescents.Especially to the children who are overweight or obesity.That's very important.
目的探讨广州市中学生高血压的发生率,以及高血压与肥胖、生活行为方式和家庭因素的关系,为制定中学生血压干预措施提供依据。
方法采用现状调查方法,按整群随机抽样方法抽取广州市四所中学初1到高2年级共4542名中学生进行问卷调查和体格检查。采用SPSS 13.0软件包进行数据录入和处理,依据资料类型分别采用χ2检验、秩和检验和多因素Logistic回归分析来评价中学生高血压可能的危险因素。
结果
1、以2005年中国学生体质与健康研究报告中学生血压数据P90和P95为诊断标准,得广州中学生高血压前期检出率为10.6%(男生为14.5%,女生为7.2%),高血压检出率为4.7%(男生为5.2%,女生为4.2%)。
2、以国际科学学会中国肥胖工作组推荐的《中国学龄儿童BMI超重、肥胖筛查分类标准》为诊断标准,采用2005年中国学生体质与健康研究报告中学生BMI数据P85和P95为参考值,进行学生的超重和肥胖的检测,得男女生超重率分别为12.7%和5.0%,男女生肥胖率分别为6.46%和2.5%。
3、肥胖是广州中学生高血压的重要危险因素；当用BMI将学生体重分为正常组、超重组和肥胖组时,超重组的高血压比正常组高,肥胖组比超重组高。
4、多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,BMI与高血压呈正相关。OR=3.826(95%CI:3.125,4.864)。
结论
以2005年中国学生体质与健康研究报告中学生血压数据P95为诊断标准,广州市中学生高血压检出率为4.7%。肥胖是青少年高血压的重要影响因素。提示对于肥胖青少年,应采取有效的干预措施,以减少其发展为成人高血压的危险性,这对于预防成人期高血压及相关疾病非常重要。
Hypertension almost increases sreadily since the past decade,and has become an increasingly important medical problem in children and adolescents. In national surveys from the 1990s to the 2000s, the prevalence of hypertension in children grew from 1% to 7-8%. Moreover childhood overweight and obesity,which are independent risk factors of hypertension Outcomes related to childhood hypertension,and induce a prevalence of childhood and adolescent. Primary hypertension in children has become increasingly common in association with obesity and other risk factors, including a family history of and life behavior.Obese children are at approximately a 3-fold higher risk for hypertension than nonobese children. The benefits of weight loss for blood pressure reduction in children have been demonstrated in both observational and interventional studies.
Objective:To found the incidence of high blood pressure, and to explore the association between body mass index(BMI), living behavioral factors and family factors of students and high blood pressure, provide vidences for prevention of hypertension in adolscents aged 11 to 18 in Guanzhou.
Methods:This was a cross-sectional study used by simple cluster sampling method.Medical check-up and a youth risk behavior questionnaire were conducted with students for a total of 4542 from 4 middle schools in Guangzhou. Chi-square and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were performed to explore relationships between blood pressure levels and the relative factors including obesity.
Results:
1. According to the data for the diagnostic criteria of blood pressure in Report on the Physical Fitness and Health Surveillance of Chinese School in 2005 (P90 and P95), Hypertension detection rate of prehypertension was 10.6%(14.5% for boys and girls 7.2%),and the prevalence rate of hypertension was 4.7% (5.2% for boys and for girls 4.2%) in high school students in Guangzhou.
2. The International Academy of Sciences recommended by the Working Group on Obesity in China, "China's school-age children BMI of overweight and obesity screening classification criteria" for the diagnostic criteria, the use of 2005 Chinese students study physical and health data in P85 and P95 high school students for the BMI reference values for students. The detection of overweight and obesity rates, have overweight rates 12.7% for boys and 5.0% for girls, Obesity rates were 6.46% for boys and 2.5% for girls.
3 Obesity is the most important risk factors of high blood pressure in high school students in Guangzhou,when the students with BMI divided into normal weight, overweight and obese group, high blood pressure in overweight morer than in normal group, and high blood pressure in the obese group morer than overweight high.
4. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed, BMI was risk factor of high blood pressure。OR=3.826 (95%CI:3.125,4.864)。
Conclusions:
According to the data for the diagnostic criteria of blood pressure in Report on the Physical Fitness and Health Surveillance of Chinese School in 2005 (P95), Hypertension detection rate was 4.7%(5.2% for boys and for girls 4.2%) in high school students in Guangzhou.Obesity play important roles in the progress of adolescent hypertension. The adolescent hypertension may develop to adulthood,so prevention of hypertension should be conducted from chikdren and adolescents.Especially to the children who are overweight or obesity.That's very important.
引文
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[1]李立明,饶克勤,孔灵芝,等.中国居民2002年营养与健康状况调查.中华流行病学杂志,2005,26(74)：78-484.
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