柴油机燃油喷射系统与振动测量分析系统的研制
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摘要
船舶柴油机是船舶的动力心脏，其安全稳定的运行是保证船舶航运安全的关键。采用监测与诊断技术能及时发现船舶柴油机潜在的故障信息，并可及时采取必要措施进行处理，以避免恶性事故的发生。本文阐述了船舶柴油机燃油喷射系统与振动测量分析系统的研制与试验研究的方法及原理，并在6L16／24型柴油机上进行了试验研究。研究取得的主要成果如下：
(1)在6L16／24型柴油机进行燃油喷射系统的测量分析，测量参数包括高压油管压力、针阀升程、启阀压力、喷油提前角、喷油持续期等主要参数，获得了柴油机气缸压力及燃油喷射系统喷射特性曲线，评价了柴油机燃油喷射系统的性能。
(2)通过对柴油机齿轮箱、增压器、曲轴纵振、轴心轨迹信号的测量，对柴油机振动系统的信号进行时、频域分析与处理，得出各振动系统的波形曲线和特征值，获得了正常态柴油机主要零部件的振动参数标准。
(3)瞬时转速测量方法研究。用磁电式转速传感器和光电编码器两种方法对发电柴油机瞬时转速进行了测量分析，同时测取上止点信号，用磁电、光电两种方法计算柴油机的瞬时转速，重点分析了用光电编码器的计算瞬时转速的方法。并将两种方法进行对比分析。
(4)在虚拟仪器开发平台上，研制了柴油机燃油喷射测量分析子系统与振动测量分析子系统，测量数据通过后台数据库存储，能够准确提取柴油机燃油喷射系统与振动系统的特征参数值，并在6L16／24型柴油机及其动力装置上进行了实际测量，验证了测量分析系统的正确性和准确性，实现了对柴油机燃油喷射系统和振动的测量分析，为船舶柴油机数字化监测、诊断与控制的全面实现打下了坚实的基础。
The marine diesel engine is the heart of ship power, its stable movement is the key guarantees of the marine shipping's security. Using condition monitor and the diagnosis technology for the marine diesel engine can promptly discover the potential failure information, and may take the essential measure to carry on processing to avoid the malignant accident the occurrence. In this paper, the marine diesel engine fuel oil injection system and the vibration measurement analysis system have been developed, the experimental study method and the principle have been conducted based on the experimental study on the 6L16/24 diesel engine. The research obtains main achievements as follows:
(1) Carry on the measuring and the analysis the fuel oil injection system on the 6L16/24 diesel engine, which includes the following parameters: the high-pressure oil pipe pressure, the pin valve displacement, open the valve pressure, the advance angle of fuel, the injection duration and so on. The diesel engine cylinder pressure and the fuel oil system injection the characteristic curve has obtained, and evaluated the diesel engine fuel oil injection system's performance.
(2) Based on the measuring signal of diesel engine gear box、the pressure intensifier、the crank vertical vibration、the axle center path, the related signal processing technology was applied into the diesel engine vibrating system signal in the time domain and the frequency domain, and the temporal wave and the characteristic value of the vibrating system has been obtained, and the vibration parameter standard for the diesel engine main parts in the normal condition was gained.
(3) the research on the Instant rotation speed measure method. the measure analysis have been carried on by employing the magnetoelectricity rotation speed sensor and the photo electricity encoder on the generation electricity diesel engine. Based on the measured top dead center signal, the magnetoelectricity and photo electricity, the diesel engine's instantaneous rotation speed was calculated in order to analyze the difference of the photo electricity encoder and the magnetoelectricity.
(4) Based on the platform of the virtual instrument, the diesel engine fuel oil injection measure analysis subsystem and the vibration measurement analysis subsystem have developed, which using the database to save the measuring data. Using this system, the characteristic parameter value for the diesel engine fuel oil injection system and the vibration system can be accurately pick up. the actual measurement for the 6L16/24 diesel engine has been carried on, which has confirmed the measure analysis system's correctness and accuracy, realized the measuring and analysis for the diesel engine fuel oil injection system and the vibration system. The above researches have built the solid foundation for the marine diesel engine digitization monitor、the diagnosis and the control.
(1)在6L16／24型柴油机进行燃油喷射系统的测量分析，测量参数包括高压油管压力、针阀升程、启阀压力、喷油提前角、喷油持续期等主要参数，获得了柴油机气缸压力及燃油喷射系统喷射特性曲线，评价了柴油机燃油喷射系统的性能。
(2)通过对柴油机齿轮箱、增压器、曲轴纵振、轴心轨迹信号的测量，对柴油机振动系统的信号进行时、频域分析与处理，得出各振动系统的波形曲线和特征值，获得了正常态柴油机主要零部件的振动参数标准。
(3)瞬时转速测量方法研究。用磁电式转速传感器和光电编码器两种方法对发电柴油机瞬时转速进行了测量分析，同时测取上止点信号，用磁电、光电两种方法计算柴油机的瞬时转速，重点分析了用光电编码器的计算瞬时转速的方法。并将两种方法进行对比分析。
(4)在虚拟仪器开发平台上，研制了柴油机燃油喷射测量分析子系统与振动测量分析子系统，测量数据通过后台数据库存储，能够准确提取柴油机燃油喷射系统与振动系统的特征参数值，并在6L16／24型柴油机及其动力装置上进行了实际测量，验证了测量分析系统的正确性和准确性，实现了对柴油机燃油喷射系统和振动的测量分析，为船舶柴油机数字化监测、诊断与控制的全面实现打下了坚实的基础。
The marine diesel engine is the heart of ship power, its stable movement is the key guarantees of the marine shipping's security. Using condition monitor and the diagnosis technology for the marine diesel engine can promptly discover the potential failure information, and may take the essential measure to carry on processing to avoid the malignant accident the occurrence. In this paper, the marine diesel engine fuel oil injection system and the vibration measurement analysis system have been developed, the experimental study method and the principle have been conducted based on the experimental study on the 6L16/24 diesel engine. The research obtains main achievements as follows:
(1) Carry on the measuring and the analysis the fuel oil injection system on the 6L16/24 diesel engine, which includes the following parameters: the high-pressure oil pipe pressure, the pin valve displacement, open the valve pressure, the advance angle of fuel, the injection duration and so on. The diesel engine cylinder pressure and the fuel oil system injection the characteristic curve has obtained, and evaluated the diesel engine fuel oil injection system's performance.
(2) Based on the measuring signal of diesel engine gear box、the pressure intensifier、the crank vertical vibration、the axle center path, the related signal processing technology was applied into the diesel engine vibrating system signal in the time domain and the frequency domain, and the temporal wave and the characteristic value of the vibrating system has been obtained, and the vibration parameter standard for the diesel engine main parts in the normal condition was gained.
(3) the research on the Instant rotation speed measure method. the measure analysis have been carried on by employing the magnetoelectricity rotation speed sensor and the photo electricity encoder on the generation electricity diesel engine. Based on the measured top dead center signal, the magnetoelectricity and photo electricity, the diesel engine's instantaneous rotation speed was calculated in order to analyze the difference of the photo electricity encoder and the magnetoelectricity.
(4) Based on the platform of the virtual instrument, the diesel engine fuel oil injection measure analysis subsystem and the vibration measurement analysis subsystem have developed, which using the database to save the measuring data. Using this system, the characteristic parameter value for the diesel engine fuel oil injection system and the vibration system can be accurately pick up. the actual measurement for the 6L16/24 diesel engine has been carried on, which has confirmed the measure analysis system's correctness and accuracy, realized the measuring and analysis for the diesel engine fuel oil injection system and the vibration system. The above researches have built the solid foundation for the marine diesel engine digitization monitor、the diagnosis and the control.
引文
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[8] William P, Stephen J, An on-line engine roughness measurement technique[R], SAE Paper, 1984, No, 840136
[9] SOOD A K, FRIEDLANDER C B, FAHS A A. Engine Fault Analysis: Part I-Statistical Method[J], IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 1985
[10] 史铁林等．机械设备诊断策略的若干问题探讨．华中理工大学学报，1991，19(Ⅱ)增刊
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[26] 常汉宝，丁家松，安士杰，王艳武．柴油机示功图上止点修正得热力学方法研究．内燃机工程，2003，24(4)：P78-81
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[43] 吴惠忠，金东寒，蔡勇，杨建国．瞬时转速监测法在热气机故障诊断上的应用研究．柴油机， 2006．12
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[50] 张礼林，樊嘉天，杜艳明．CA4110／125ZL 柴油机振动机理分析及减振对策．2004．1
[2] CITRON S J, O'HIGGINS JE, CHEN L Y, Cylinder by Cylinder Engine Pressure and Pressure Torque Waveform Determination Utilizing Speed Fluctuations [C], SAE Paper 890486
[3] Mauer G F. On-line cylinder fault diagnostics for internal combustion engines [J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 1990, 37(3):211-226
[4] Rizzoni G, Diagnosis of individual cylinder misfires by signature analysis of crankshaft speed fluctuations[R], SAE Paper, 1989, No, 8908804
[5] William P, Stephen J, An on-line engine roughness measurement technique[R], SAE Paper, 1984, No, 840136
[6] Mauer G F. On-line cylinder fault diagnostics for internal combustion engines [J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 1990, 37(3):211-226
[7] Rizzoni G, Diagnosis of individual cylinder misfires by signature analysis of crankshaft speed fluctuations[R], SAE Paper, 1989, No, 8908804
[8] William P, Stephen J, An on-line engine roughness measurement technique[R], SAE Paper, 1984, No, 840136
[9] SOOD A K, FRIEDLANDER C B, FAHS A A. Engine Fault Analysis: Part I-Statistical Method[J], IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 1985
[10] 史铁林等．机械设备诊断策略的若干问题探讨．华中理工大学学报，1991，19(Ⅱ)增刊
[11] William P, Stephen J, An on-line engine roughness measurement technique[R], SAE Paper, 1984, No, 840136
[12] SOOD A K, FRIEDLANDER C B, FAHS A A. Engine Fault Analysis: Part I-Statistical Method[J], IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 1985
[13] 史铁林等．机械设备诊断策略的若干问题探讨．华中理工大学学报，1991，19(Ⅱ)增刊
[14] N.B.Jone Yu-Hua Li · A Review on Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis for Diesel Engines. Condition Monitoring'97, 1997.4, Xi'an, P.R. China: P15-27
[15] Tamaki H. A Ship Reliability Investigation System in Japan. ICMES 90
[16] 杨建国，周轶尘．船舶柴油机振动监测与故障诊断系统．内燃机工程 1996，17(3)：P45-51
[17] 黄强，刘永长，刘会猛，张俊．基于振动信号的柴油机进排气系统故障诊断研究．车用发动机，2002，141(5)：P34-37
[18] 王晓武，杨建国．利用振动参数监测和诊断柴油机滑动主轴承磨损状态的研究．柴油机·Diesel Engine，2000，6：P29-33
[19] 夏志新．液压系统污染控制．北京：机械工业出版社，2002．P135-202
[20] 朱石坚，何琳．船舶机械振动控制[M]．北京：国防工业出版社，2003．
[21] 吴新跃，朱石坚．人字形齿轮传动的振动理论分析模型[J]．海军工程大学学报，2001，13(5)：13-19．
[22] 金成定．船舶结构动力学的进展与信息化[J]．振动与冲击，2002，21(4)：1-6．
[23] OswaldPolicke[瑞士]．实验室试验—涡轮增压器发展中的一个关键因素[J]．国外内燃机车，1996，(7)：44-49．
[24] 王海，郑莉媛．水轮发电机组轴心轨迹自动识别方法研究．水力发电学报，2002，78(3)： 73—79
[25] 袁泉，杨建国，余永华．基于LabVIEW的船舶柴油机性能测试分析系统的开发．柴油机．2004，增刊：P99-103
[26] 常汉宝，丁家松，安士杰，王艳武．柴油机示功图上止点修正得热力学方法研究．内燃机工程，2003，24(4)：P78-81
[27] W.B.Ribbens G.Rizzoni. Onboard diagnosis of engine misfires · SAE paper, 1990, no.901768:P1615-1624
[28] W.B.Ribbens G.Rizzoni. Onboard diagnosis of engine misfires · SAE paper, 1990, no.901768:P1615-1624
[29] G.Rizzoni. Fast transforms for rapid isolation of misfire cylinders · SAE 1987(5), no.871915, P628-635
[30] K.Lida K.Akishino K.Kido. IMEP estimation from instantaneous crankshaft torque variation. SAE paper, 1990, no.900617:P1374-1383
[31] 袁泉．柴油机性能监测系统的开发与试验研究：[硕士研究生论文]．武汉：武汉理工大学 2005(6)．
[32] 孙民，于学浒，潘小萍．通过柴油机性能参数确定示功图方法的研究．大连理工大学学报．1996，36(5)：P629-631
[33] 王江萍，屈梁生等．柴油机故障诊断技术的现状与展望．机械科学与技术．1997(9)：P879-882
[34] S.J.Citron J.E.O'Higgins L.Y.Chen . Cylinder by cylinder engine pressure and pressure torque waveform determination utilizing speed fluctuations · SAE paper, 1989, no.890486: P933-947
[35] 任自中，凌励逊．高速数据采集在内燃机性能研究中的应用．上海：《柴油机》2005．5
[36] 吕传音，余永华，杨建国，李玉军．基于LabVIEW 虚拟仪器技术的燃油喷射测试系统的研 制．武汉：《船海工程》，2007．1
[37] N.B.Jone Yu-Hua Li . A Review on Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis for Diesel Engines. Condition Monitoring'97, 1997.4, Xi'an, P.R. China: P15-27
[38] 李晓哲，张晓辉，李祥胜．SOL Server 2000 管理及应用系统开发．人民邮电出版社．2002．12
[39] SQL Sever2000 On-line Help. Microsoft USA, 2000
[40] 孙建民，曲正新．试论虚拟仪器及其在汽车侧试中的应用．汽车工艺与材料．2002．3
[41] 邓焱，王磊．LabVIEW7.1 测试技术与仪器应用．机械工业出版社．2004．7：158-166
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