离心泵振动特性有限元分析及试验研究
|
摘要
离心泵是船舶机舱的主要辅助机械,其运行状态的好坏直接关系到船舶能否持续正常航行和船员生活能否得到保障等问题。目前对船用离心泵进行的状态监测大多采用压力、流量和转速等参数,而采用振动方法进行实时监测诊断则不多。有效的振动监测与诊断技术可以及时掌握船用离心泵的技术状况,及时发现故障征兆,对其进行针对性检修,避免突发性故障的发生,降低维修成本,提高其利用率和安全性。因此,对船用离心泵进行振动特性分析及振动监测诊断技术的研究具有理论意义和实际的工程应用价值。
本文以IS100-65-315单级单吸卧式离心泵为主要研究对象,针对离心泵故障库缺乏的现状,以流体力学理论、振动理论和有限元理论为基础,采用现代试验技术和CAE软件为研究手段,对船用离心泵进行了系统研究,主要研究工作如下：
1.建立了离心泵流道有限元模型,运用Fluent软件,对流道进行仿真计算,揭示了离心泵流道内部流场压力分布规律,即在叶轮区域叶片从叶轮进口到叶轮出口,流体压力不断增大；在蜗壳部分流体从蜗舌到出口其压力呈逐渐增大趋势；确定了流道中流体对离心泵泵壳的激励力。
2.采用PRO/E软件建立了离心泵泵壳的三维实体模型；运用MSC.Patran/Nastran有限元软件,进行了正常工况下离心泵泵体的振动响应分析,分析了离心泵泵体的振动响应特性,并在试验台架上试验验证了离心泵计算模型的正确性。
3.运用Fluent和MSC.Patran/Nastran软件,对离心泵进行了故障仿真研究,主要分析了离心泵在小流量、大流量非额定工况,单叶片折损以及汽蚀故障的振动响应特性,揭示了三种工况下离心泵泵体的振动频谱规律,为离心泵振动的故障诊断提供了依据。
The centrifugal pump is one of main auxiliary machineries in marine engine room. Its running condition directly concerns to the safe navigation of vessels and the livelihood security of crews. Parameters such as pressure, flow capacity and rotate speed of the centrifugal pump are usually used in its condition monitoring. In practice, vibration parameters are merely used in real-time monitoring and diagnosis. The monitoring and trouble diagnosis of pumps'vibration has many advantages. Technical conditions of centrifugal pumps can be got. It is also helpful in hidden trouble prediction and sudden failure avoiding. Under monitoring and trouble diagnosis, the pumps can be well maintained and repaired in time. The maintenance cost will be reduced and its lifetime will be increased. After all it can keep the pumps running safely and reliably. Therefore, there are theoretical significance and practical engineering applications in research on vibration analysis and vibration monitoring, diagnosis technology of marine centrifugal pumps.
The IS100-65-315single stage, single suction horizontal centrifugal pump is considered to be the research object. There is a lack of mishap database of centrifugal pumps. So research on marine centrifugal pumps is carried on by using modern test technology and CAE software, on the basis of theories of fluid mechanics, Vibration and finite element (FE). The main work presents as follows:
1. FE model of the centrifugal pump's flow passage is built up. Simulation calculation of the flow passage is done by Fluent software. The distribution of flow field pressure is found:In the impeller region, the flow field pressure increases from impeller inlet to impeller outlet; in the volute part, the pressure increases from volute tongue to outlet. After simulation calculation, the exciting force of fluid to the pump body is also got.
2. The3D-model of the centrifugal pump is constructed by Pro/E. MSC.Patran/Nastran is used in vibration response analysis of the pump body under normal running condition. The characteristics of vibration response are got. At the same time, the confirmatory experiment is done so that the FEA (finite element analysis) result is verified.
3. Research on trouble simulation on the centrifugal pump is carried on by using of Fluent and MSC.Patran/Nastran. The characteristics of vibration response are analyzed under different running conditions. They are non-rated conditions of small flow and large flow, condition of one impeller breakage as well as cavitation condition.
本文以IS100-65-315单级单吸卧式离心泵为主要研究对象,针对离心泵故障库缺乏的现状,以流体力学理论、振动理论和有限元理论为基础,采用现代试验技术和CAE软件为研究手段,对船用离心泵进行了系统研究,主要研究工作如下：
1.建立了离心泵流道有限元模型,运用Fluent软件,对流道进行仿真计算,揭示了离心泵流道内部流场压力分布规律,即在叶轮区域叶片从叶轮进口到叶轮出口,流体压力不断增大；在蜗壳部分流体从蜗舌到出口其压力呈逐渐增大趋势；确定了流道中流体对离心泵泵壳的激励力。
2.采用PRO/E软件建立了离心泵泵壳的三维实体模型；运用MSC.Patran/Nastran有限元软件,进行了正常工况下离心泵泵体的振动响应分析,分析了离心泵泵体的振动响应特性,并在试验台架上试验验证了离心泵计算模型的正确性。
3.运用Fluent和MSC.Patran/Nastran软件,对离心泵进行了故障仿真研究,主要分析了离心泵在小流量、大流量非额定工况,单叶片折损以及汽蚀故障的振动响应特性,揭示了三种工况下离心泵泵体的振动频谱规律,为离心泵振动的故障诊断提供了依据。
The centrifugal pump is one of main auxiliary machineries in marine engine room. Its running condition directly concerns to the safe navigation of vessels and the livelihood security of crews. Parameters such as pressure, flow capacity and rotate speed of the centrifugal pump are usually used in its condition monitoring. In practice, vibration parameters are merely used in real-time monitoring and diagnosis. The monitoring and trouble diagnosis of pumps'vibration has many advantages. Technical conditions of centrifugal pumps can be got. It is also helpful in hidden trouble prediction and sudden failure avoiding. Under monitoring and trouble diagnosis, the pumps can be well maintained and repaired in time. The maintenance cost will be reduced and its lifetime will be increased. After all it can keep the pumps running safely and reliably. Therefore, there are theoretical significance and practical engineering applications in research on vibration analysis and vibration monitoring, diagnosis technology of marine centrifugal pumps.
The IS100-65-315single stage, single suction horizontal centrifugal pump is considered to be the research object. There is a lack of mishap database of centrifugal pumps. So research on marine centrifugal pumps is carried on by using modern test technology and CAE software, on the basis of theories of fluid mechanics, Vibration and finite element (FE). The main work presents as follows:
1. FE model of the centrifugal pump's flow passage is built up. Simulation calculation of the flow passage is done by Fluent software. The distribution of flow field pressure is found:In the impeller region, the flow field pressure increases from impeller inlet to impeller outlet; in the volute part, the pressure increases from volute tongue to outlet. After simulation calculation, the exciting force of fluid to the pump body is also got.
2. The3D-model of the centrifugal pump is constructed by Pro/E. MSC.Patran/Nastran is used in vibration response analysis of the pump body under normal running condition. The characteristics of vibration response are got. At the same time, the confirmatory experiment is done so that the FEA (finite element analysis) result is verified.
3. Research on trouble simulation on the centrifugal pump is carried on by using of Fluent and MSC.Patran/Nastran. The characteristics of vibration response are analyzed under different running conditions. They are non-rated conditions of small flow and large flow, condition of one impeller breakage as well as cavitation condition.
引文
[1]李之义,胡甫才.船舶辅助机械[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2001：1-34.
[2]黄福盛.给水泵状态监测与故障诊断系统的研究[D].重庆：重庆大学,2007.
[3]毛鹏展.150S-50双吸离心泵内流场数值模拟及性能优化[D].杭州：浙江工业大学,2010.
[4]钱玉琴.高速离心泵流固耦合动力特性研究[D].江苏：江苏大学,2010.
[5]张亮.大型双吸离心泵径向力数值计算[D].兰州：兰州理工大学,2009.
[6]赵瑞.高速诱导轮离心泵的数值模拟与试验研究[D].浙江：浙江理工大学,2009.
[7]倪永燕.离心泵非定常湍流场计算及流体诱导振动研究[D].江苏：江苏大学,2008.
[8]沙毅.泵与风机[M].合肥：中国科学技术大学出版社,2005：37-143.
[9]郑梦海.泵测试使用技术[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2011：28-46.
[10]袁周.工业泵常见故障及维修技巧[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2008：22-27.
[11]Raul Barrio, Jorge Parrondo, Eduardo Blanco. Numerical analysis of the unsteady flow in the near-tongue region in a volute-type centrifugal pump for different operating points[J]. Computers & Fluids,2010(39):859-870.
[12]N.R. Sakthivel, V. Sugumaran, S. Babudevasenapati. Vibration based fault diagnosis of monoblock centrifugal pump using decision tree[J]. Expert Systems with Applications, 2010(37):4040-4049.
[13]彭利国.船用离心泵监测系统研究[D].武汉：武汉理工大学,2009.
[14]韩占忠,王敬,兰小平.FLUENT流体工程仿真计算实例与应用[M].北京：北京理工大学出版社,2004：201-255.
[15]徐朝晖.高速离心泵内全流道三维流动及其流体诱发压力脉动研究[D].北京：清华大学,2004.
[16]傅永华.有限元分析基础[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社,2003：75-108.
[17]赵鹏.离心泵振动故障诊断方法研究及系统实现[D]_河北：华北电力大学,2011.
[18]孙卫平,李兵,冯彦华,等.舰船用泵技术研究[J].上海造船,2011(2)：47-49.
[19]岳桂杰,保承军,徐德权.离心泵振动监测与诊断方法初探[J].机械研究与应用,2006,19(2)：70-71.
[20]朱加贵Sundyne高速泵的振动故障分析与监测[J].化学工业与工程技术,2001,22(1)：39-42.
[21]叶建平.离心泵振动噪声分析及声优化设计研究[D].武汉：武汉理工大学,2006.
[22]朱荣生,付强,李维斌.低比转速离心泵叶轮内汽蚀两相流三维数值模拟[J].农业机械学报,2006,37(5)：75-79.
[23]宁波.基于LabVIEW的船用离心泵状态监测与分析系统的研究[D].大连：大连海事大学,2010.
[24]王秀礼,袁寿其,朱荣生,等.离心泵汽蚀非稳定流动特性数值模拟[J].农业机械学报,2012,43(3)：67-72.
[25]刘宜,张文军,杜杰.离心泵内部空化流动的数值预测[J].排灌机械,2008,26(3)：19-22.
[26]朱荣生,付强,李维斌,等.基于混合模型的离心泵叶轮内汽蚀两相流的CFD分析[J].中国农村水利水电,2006(8)：51-53.
[27]M.R. Nasiri, M.J. Mahjoob, H. Vahid-Alizadeh. Vibration Signature Analysis for Detecting Cavitation in Centrifugal Pumps using Neural Networks[C]. IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics,2011:632-635.
[28]Jose Gonzalez. Numerical Simulation of the Dynamic Effects Due to Impeller-Volute Interaction in a Centrifugal Pump[J]. Journal of Fluids Engineering,2002,124:348-355.
[29]Jose Gonzalez. Steady and Unsteady Radial Forces for a Centrifugal Pump With Impeller to Tongue Gap Variation[J]. Journal of Fluids Engineering,2006,128:454-462.
[30]曹映平.设备振动监测判据及应用[J].株冶科技,2003,31(34)：40-43.
[31]关醒凡.现代泵技术手册[M].北京：宇航出版社,1995：179-280.
[32]季文美,方同,陈松洪.机械振动[M].北京：科学出版社,1985：8-136.
[33]白双宝.大型双吸离心泵转子振动分析[D].兰州：兰州理工大学,2011.
[34]刘健,刁训林.叶片断裂引起的汽轮机转子异常振动处理[J].汽轮机技术,2008,50(2)：146-150.
[35]V. Indira, R. Vasanthakumari. A method for calculation of optimum data size and bin size of histogram features in fault diagnosis of mono-block centrifugal pump[J]. Expert Systems with Applications 2011(38):7708-7717.
[36]Carlos Santolaria Morros. Numerical modelling and flow analysis of a centrifugal pump running as a turbine: Unsteady flow structures and its effects on the global performance[J]. International Journal For Numerical Methods In Fluids,2011(65):542-562.
[37]C. G Rodriguez. Frequencies in the Vibration Induced by the Rotor Stator Interaction in a Centrifugal Pump Turbine[J]. Journal of Fluids Engineering,2007,129(11):1428-1435.
[38]Kitano Majidi. Numerical Study of Unsteady Flow in a Centrifugal Pump[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery,2005,127:363-371.
[39]Jose Gonzalez. Unsteady Flow Patterns for a Double Suction Centrifugal Pump[J]. Journal of Fluids Engineering,2009,131:0711021-0711029.
[40]徐玉秀,王志强,梅元颖.叶片振动响应的长度分形故障特征提取与诊断[J].振动、测试与诊断,2011,31(2)：190-192.
[41]李巍,王国强,刘立军.离心叶轮内三维紊流流动数值模拟[J].上海交通大学学报,2001,34(1)：143-147.
[42]国家机械工业局.JB/T 8097-1999.泵的振动测量与评价方法[S].北京：机械工业出版社,2000.
[43]赵万勇,白双宝,马鹏飞.离心泵转子振动研究现状与展望[J].流体机械,2011,39(3)：37-39.
[44]王福军.计算流体动力学分析[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2004：121-302.
[45]关醒凡.泵的理论与设计[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1987：337-340.
[46]尹成红.离心泵故障诊断方法及故障评定[D].大庆：大庆石油学院,2005.
[47]刘琦.基于CFD的离心泵整机流场数值模拟[D].吉林：吉林大学,2006.
[48]沈阳水泵研究所.离心泵设计手册[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1983：78-97.
[49]C.A.J. Fletcher, Computational Techniques for Fluid Dynamics, Vol.I and II Springer-Verlag, Berlin.1990.
[50]Johnson M W, Moore J. The influence of flow rate on the wake in a centrifugal of Eng fo power 1983,105(1):33-39.
[51]Launder B. E, Spalding D. B. The numerical computation of turbulent flows Computer Metheods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 1974,3:269-289.
[52]C. W. Lan, C. C. Liu, C.M.Hsu, An adaptive finite volume method for incompressible heat flow problems in solidification. Journal of Computational Physics,178:464-497.
[2]黄福盛.给水泵状态监测与故障诊断系统的研究[D].重庆：重庆大学,2007.
[3]毛鹏展.150S-50双吸离心泵内流场数值模拟及性能优化[D].杭州：浙江工业大学,2010.
[4]钱玉琴.高速离心泵流固耦合动力特性研究[D].江苏：江苏大学,2010.
[5]张亮.大型双吸离心泵径向力数值计算[D].兰州：兰州理工大学,2009.
[6]赵瑞.高速诱导轮离心泵的数值模拟与试验研究[D].浙江：浙江理工大学,2009.
[7]倪永燕.离心泵非定常湍流场计算及流体诱导振动研究[D].江苏：江苏大学,2008.
[8]沙毅.泵与风机[M].合肥：中国科学技术大学出版社,2005：37-143.
[9]郑梦海.泵测试使用技术[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2011：28-46.
[10]袁周.工业泵常见故障及维修技巧[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2008：22-27.
[11]Raul Barrio, Jorge Parrondo, Eduardo Blanco. Numerical analysis of the unsteady flow in the near-tongue region in a volute-type centrifugal pump for different operating points[J]. Computers & Fluids,2010(39):859-870.
[12]N.R. Sakthivel, V. Sugumaran, S. Babudevasenapati. Vibration based fault diagnosis of monoblock centrifugal pump using decision tree[J]. Expert Systems with Applications, 2010(37):4040-4049.
[13]彭利国.船用离心泵监测系统研究[D].武汉：武汉理工大学,2009.
[14]韩占忠,王敬,兰小平.FLUENT流体工程仿真计算实例与应用[M].北京：北京理工大学出版社,2004：201-255.
[15]徐朝晖.高速离心泵内全流道三维流动及其流体诱发压力脉动研究[D].北京：清华大学,2004.
[16]傅永华.有限元分析基础[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社,2003：75-108.
[17]赵鹏.离心泵振动故障诊断方法研究及系统实现[D]_河北：华北电力大学,2011.
[18]孙卫平,李兵,冯彦华,等.舰船用泵技术研究[J].上海造船,2011(2)：47-49.
[19]岳桂杰,保承军,徐德权.离心泵振动监测与诊断方法初探[J].机械研究与应用,2006,19(2)：70-71.
[20]朱加贵Sundyne高速泵的振动故障分析与监测[J].化学工业与工程技术,2001,22(1)：39-42.
[21]叶建平.离心泵振动噪声分析及声优化设计研究[D].武汉：武汉理工大学,2006.
[22]朱荣生,付强,李维斌.低比转速离心泵叶轮内汽蚀两相流三维数值模拟[J].农业机械学报,2006,37(5)：75-79.
[23]宁波.基于LabVIEW的船用离心泵状态监测与分析系统的研究[D].大连：大连海事大学,2010.
[24]王秀礼,袁寿其,朱荣生,等.离心泵汽蚀非稳定流动特性数值模拟[J].农业机械学报,2012,43(3)：67-72.
[25]刘宜,张文军,杜杰.离心泵内部空化流动的数值预测[J].排灌机械,2008,26(3)：19-22.
[26]朱荣生,付强,李维斌,等.基于混合模型的离心泵叶轮内汽蚀两相流的CFD分析[J].中国农村水利水电,2006(8)：51-53.
[27]M.R. Nasiri, M.J. Mahjoob, H. Vahid-Alizadeh. Vibration Signature Analysis for Detecting Cavitation in Centrifugal Pumps using Neural Networks[C]. IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics,2011:632-635.
[28]Jose Gonzalez. Numerical Simulation of the Dynamic Effects Due to Impeller-Volute Interaction in a Centrifugal Pump[J]. Journal of Fluids Engineering,2002,124:348-355.
[29]Jose Gonzalez. Steady and Unsteady Radial Forces for a Centrifugal Pump With Impeller to Tongue Gap Variation[J]. Journal of Fluids Engineering,2006,128:454-462.
[30]曹映平.设备振动监测判据及应用[J].株冶科技,2003,31(34)：40-43.
[31]关醒凡.现代泵技术手册[M].北京：宇航出版社,1995：179-280.
[32]季文美,方同,陈松洪.机械振动[M].北京：科学出版社,1985：8-136.
[33]白双宝.大型双吸离心泵转子振动分析[D].兰州：兰州理工大学,2011.
[34]刘健,刁训林.叶片断裂引起的汽轮机转子异常振动处理[J].汽轮机技术,2008,50(2)：146-150.
[35]V. Indira, R. Vasanthakumari. A method for calculation of optimum data size and bin size of histogram features in fault diagnosis of mono-block centrifugal pump[J]. Expert Systems with Applications 2011(38):7708-7717.
[36]Carlos Santolaria Morros. Numerical modelling and flow analysis of a centrifugal pump running as a turbine: Unsteady flow structures and its effects on the global performance[J]. International Journal For Numerical Methods In Fluids,2011(65):542-562.
[37]C. G Rodriguez. Frequencies in the Vibration Induced by the Rotor Stator Interaction in a Centrifugal Pump Turbine[J]. Journal of Fluids Engineering,2007,129(11):1428-1435.
[38]Kitano Majidi. Numerical Study of Unsteady Flow in a Centrifugal Pump[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery,2005,127:363-371.
[39]Jose Gonzalez. Unsteady Flow Patterns for a Double Suction Centrifugal Pump[J]. Journal of Fluids Engineering,2009,131:0711021-0711029.
[40]徐玉秀,王志强,梅元颖.叶片振动响应的长度分形故障特征提取与诊断[J].振动、测试与诊断,2011,31(2)：190-192.
[41]李巍,王国强,刘立军.离心叶轮内三维紊流流动数值模拟[J].上海交通大学学报,2001,34(1)：143-147.
[42]国家机械工业局.JB/T 8097-1999.泵的振动测量与评价方法[S].北京：机械工业出版社,2000.
[43]赵万勇,白双宝,马鹏飞.离心泵转子振动研究现状与展望[J].流体机械,2011,39(3)：37-39.
[44]王福军.计算流体动力学分析[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2004：121-302.
[45]关醒凡.泵的理论与设计[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1987：337-340.
[46]尹成红.离心泵故障诊断方法及故障评定[D].大庆：大庆石油学院,2005.
[47]刘琦.基于CFD的离心泵整机流场数值模拟[D].吉林：吉林大学,2006.
[48]沈阳水泵研究所.离心泵设计手册[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1983：78-97.
[49]C.A.J. Fletcher, Computational Techniques for Fluid Dynamics, Vol.I and II Springer-Verlag, Berlin.1990.
[50]Johnson M W, Moore J. The influence of flow rate on the wake in a centrifugal of Eng fo power 1983,105(1):33-39.
[51]Launder B. E, Spalding D. B. The numerical computation of turbulent flows Computer Metheods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 1974,3:269-289.
[52]C. W. Lan, C. C. Liu, C.M.Hsu, An adaptive finite volume method for incompressible heat flow problems in solidification. Journal of Computational Physics,178:464-497.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |