基于CFD的船用离心泵叶轮抗汽蚀优化设计
摘要
离心泵广泛地应用于现代船舶之中,在船舶的制造和能耗中都占有很大的比例,而船用离心泵叶轮的汽蚀现象一直以来是影响离心泵性能的重要原因之一本文采用基于CFD的研究方法对离心泵内部流场进行分析计算,提出了提高离心泵叶轮抗汽蚀性能的优化设计方案,对离心泵的研究具有重要的意义。
本文选取了离心泵叶轮的叶片数目、进口宽度和进口形状三个参数进行分析计算,主要的研究工作为：
1、研究船用离心泵的结构特点,分析离心泵产生汽蚀的原因及其危害,了解目前国内外关于船用离心泵抗汽蚀性能的研究进展及研究现状；
2、掌握三维设计软件SolidWorks的使用方法及相关的建模方法,运用该软件对叶轮和蜗壳流道进行三维建模；
3、运用面向CFD的专业前处理器软件GAMBIT软件对叶轮和蜗壳流道模型进行网格化处理,包括进出口设定以及交界面的设定;
4、将网格化的流道模型实体导入Fluent软件进行内部流场分析,包括对所输送介质的物理性质设定、边界条件设定以及计算方法设定等；
5、分析数值模拟得到的叶轮和蜗壳流道压力、速度分布图,结合离心泵的扬程及效率参数的变化,提出离心泵叶轮的优化设计方案。
本文得出的主要结论：由CFD的分析结果可知,适当增加叶轮叶片数目；适当增加离心泵叶轮流道的进口宽度；采用合适的叶轮流道进口形状都可以提高离心泵叶轮的抗汽蚀性能,并且使离心泵的其他工作性能不受太大影响甚至还有所提高。在对离心泵进行机械结构设计时,对所设计的模型使用CFD的方法进行流场性能计算弥补了传统设计方法的不足,能够有效地缩短设计周期,降低设计成本。
Centrifugal pump is widely used in modern ships, it accounts for a large prop-ortion of the ship's manufacturing and energy consumption.The centrifugal pump im-peller cavitation has been one of the important reasons that affect the performanc-e of the centrifugal pump. In this paper, the CFD method is used to analysis and c-alcula the internal flow field of the centrifugal pump, an optimized design to impr-ove the cavitation resistance of the centrifugal pump impeller is proposed, which is of great significance in the study of the centrifugal pump.
In this paper, three parameters are selected for our analyzation and calculatio-n:the number of blades of the centrifugal pump impeller, width of imports and the s-hape of import, the main work is as follows:
1. Studying the structural characteristics of the centrifugal pump, analyzing the causes and hazards of the centrifugal pump cavitation, know about the present statu-s of research on the cavitation resistance of the centrifugal pump both home and a-broad;
2. To master the three-dimensional mechanical design software Solid Works and related modeling methods, modeling the impeller and volute flow using SolidWorks;
3. Gridding the impeller and volute flow model with using preprocessor for CF D software GAMBIT, including import and export settings and interface settings;
4. Import gridding flow model entities into the fluent software for internal flo-w field analysis, including setting the phy-sicalproperties of the medium, the bound-ary conditions and calculation methods;
5. By analyzing the pressure and velocity maps of the impeller and volute flo-w by numerical simulation, combined with the analysis of the centrifugal pump hea-d and efficiency, an optimal design of the centrifugal pump impeller is proposed.
The main conclusions drawn in this paper are as follows:the CFD analysis sho-ws that, increase the number of impeller blades appropriately; increase the width o-f imports properly in centrifugal pump; suitable impeller imported shape can improv-e the cavitation resistance of the centrifugal pump impeller, while keep other perfor-mance unaffected, even improved. When we design the mechanical structure of t-he centrifugal pump, using the CFD method to calculate the flow field performa -nce could compensate the defects of traditiona-1 design methods, shorten the resear-ch and design cycle effectively and reduce the design costs.
本文选取了离心泵叶轮的叶片数目、进口宽度和进口形状三个参数进行分析计算,主要的研究工作为：
1、研究船用离心泵的结构特点,分析离心泵产生汽蚀的原因及其危害,了解目前国内外关于船用离心泵抗汽蚀性能的研究进展及研究现状；
2、掌握三维设计软件SolidWorks的使用方法及相关的建模方法,运用该软件对叶轮和蜗壳流道进行三维建模；
3、运用面向CFD的专业前处理器软件GAMBIT软件对叶轮和蜗壳流道模型进行网格化处理,包括进出口设定以及交界面的设定;
4、将网格化的流道模型实体导入Fluent软件进行内部流场分析,包括对所输送介质的物理性质设定、边界条件设定以及计算方法设定等；
5、分析数值模拟得到的叶轮和蜗壳流道压力、速度分布图,结合离心泵的扬程及效率参数的变化,提出离心泵叶轮的优化设计方案。
本文得出的主要结论：由CFD的分析结果可知,适当增加叶轮叶片数目；适当增加离心泵叶轮流道的进口宽度；采用合适的叶轮流道进口形状都可以提高离心泵叶轮的抗汽蚀性能,并且使离心泵的其他工作性能不受太大影响甚至还有所提高。在对离心泵进行机械结构设计时,对所设计的模型使用CFD的方法进行流场性能计算弥补了传统设计方法的不足,能够有效地缩短设计周期,降低设计成本。
Centrifugal pump is widely used in modern ships, it accounts for a large prop-ortion of the ship's manufacturing and energy consumption.The centrifugal pump im-peller cavitation has been one of the important reasons that affect the performanc-e of the centrifugal pump. In this paper, the CFD method is used to analysis and c-alcula the internal flow field of the centrifugal pump, an optimized design to impr-ove the cavitation resistance of the centrifugal pump impeller is proposed, which is of great significance in the study of the centrifugal pump.
In this paper, three parameters are selected for our analyzation and calculatio-n:the number of blades of the centrifugal pump impeller, width of imports and the s-hape of import, the main work is as follows:
1. Studying the structural characteristics of the centrifugal pump, analyzing the causes and hazards of the centrifugal pump cavitation, know about the present statu-s of research on the cavitation resistance of the centrifugal pump both home and a-broad;
2. To master the three-dimensional mechanical design software Solid Works and related modeling methods, modeling the impeller and volute flow using SolidWorks;
3. Gridding the impeller and volute flow model with using preprocessor for CF D software GAMBIT, including import and export settings and interface settings;
4. Import gridding flow model entities into the fluent software for internal flo-w field analysis, including setting the phy-sicalproperties of the medium, the bound-ary conditions and calculation methods;
5. By analyzing the pressure and velocity maps of the impeller and volute flo-w by numerical simulation, combined with the analysis of the centrifugal pump hea-d and efficiency, an optimal design of the centrifugal pump impeller is proposed.
The main conclusions drawn in this paper are as follows:the CFD analysis sho-ws that, increase the number of impeller blades appropriately; increase the width o-f imports properly in centrifugal pump; suitable impeller imported shape can improv-e the cavitation resistance of the centrifugal pump impeller, while keep other perfor-mance unaffected, even improved. When we design the mechanical structure of t-he centrifugal pump, using the CFD method to calculate the flow field performa -nce could compensate the defects of traditiona-1 design methods, shorten the resear-ch and design cycle effectively and reduce the design costs.
引文
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[2]宁波.基于LabVIEW的船用离心泵状态监测与分析系统的研究：(硕士学位论文).大连：大连海事大学,2010.
[3]王长悦,李亮.船用离心泵的汽蚀现象与解决措施[J].安徽电子信息职业技术学院学报,2010,5(9)：24-25.
[4]张金凤.带分流叶片离心泵全流场数值预报和设计方法研究：(博士学位论文).江苏：江苏大学,2007.
[5]Dazhuan Wu, Leqin Wang, Zongrui Hao, Zhifeng Li and Zhiren Bao, Experimental study on hydrodynamic performance of a cavitating centrifugal pump during transient operation[J]. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology,2010,24(2):575-582.
[6]EMILV. PARYSHEV. Approximate mathematical models in high—speed hydrodynamics. Journal of Engineering Mathematics,2006,55:41-64.
[7]Christopher E. Brennen. A multifrequency instability of caviating inducers. Sixth International Symposium on Cavitation (CAV2006), Wageningen, The Netherlands, September 2006.
[8]Philippe Dupont, Tomoyoshi Okamura. Cavitating Flow Calculations in Industry [J].International Journal of Rotating Machinery,9(3):163-170,2003.
[9]Franklyn J., Kato H., and Yamaguchi, H., A New Modelling of Cavitating Flows: A Numerical Study of Unsteady Cavitation on a Hydrofoil Section, Journal of Fluid Mechanics,1992,240:59—96.
[10]Pedersen N., Larsen.P. S, Jacobsen. C. B.Flow in a Centrifugal Pump Impeller at Design and Off-Design Condition—Part I:Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) Measurements Journal of Fluids Engineering,2003(125): 61—72.
[11]R. Spenee. Investigation into pressure pulsations in a centrifugal pump using numerical methods supported by industrial tests[J]. Computers &Fluids,2008,37(6): 690-704.
[12]Adnan Ozturk. Effect of impeller-diffuser radial gap ratio in a centrifugal pump[J]. Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research,2009,68(3):33-34.
[13]陈庆光,吴墒锋,吴玉林等.轴流式水轮机内部空化流动的数值预测[J].工程热物理学报,2006,27(5)：769-771.
[14]徐洁,谷传纲.长短叶片离心泵叶轮内部流动的数值计算.化工学报,2004,55(4)：541-544.
[15]李文广.特低比速离心泵叶轮内部流动分析.水泵技术,2005(1)：1-6.
[16]赵万勇,张亮等.双吸离心泵径向力数值分析[J].排灌机械,2009,27(4)：205-209.
[17]王洋,何文俊.基于FLUENT的无过载离心泵改型及性能预测[J].排灌机械,2009,27(2)：115-118.
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