欧洲弓网系统标准体系特征研究
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摘要
标准体系作为一种规范性文件,在维护行业最佳秩序方面扮演着重要角色。在高速铁路迅猛发展和大规模建设的今天,中国铁路技术标准体系也正在逐步建设和完善中。但由于中国铁路事业起步较晚、对标准的认识尚未深入等原因,目前中国弓网系统标准体系仍存在较多问题。一直以来中国的受电弓特性都与德国使用的受电弓相似,因此,借鉴欧洲弓网系统标准帮助完善中国弓网系统标准具备可行性。
欧洲弓网系统标准体系以96/48/EC为依据在TSI的基础上建立,主要由EN50206-1、EN50119、EN50317、EN50318、EN50367构成。该标准体系具有集合性、整体性、相关性、可分解性、环境适应性、目标性等六大特征,而弓网接触力是评估弓网相互作用质量的核心参数。
本文首先通过研究弓网接触力在标准体系集合性和整体性的体现,论证弓网接触力在弓网系统中的核心地位。其次,研究了标准体系的相关性和可分解性、环境适应性和目标性在受电弓特性与测试、架空接触网设计、动态相互作用的测量与仿真确认、相互作用接口技术规范等方面的标准制定问题。
就接触线的抬升量而言,单弓列车的受电弓及双弓列车的前弓抬升量最大为100mm,双弓列车的后弓抬升量最大为120mm。为了将接触线与滑板的磨耗降到最低,铜合金接触导线区宜采用碳滑板。接触点处的接触电阻在弓网相对静止时与弓网接触力成反比,同时,列车速度的增大会导致弓网接触力增大。
弓网接触力在每一个标准中从分类、取值范围、测量、仿真确认等方面做了详细规定,它是串联起欧洲弓网系统标准的内在因素,也充分体现了欧洲弓网系统标准体系的相关性。本文通过研究EN50119内容上的变革,得出以下结论：由于标准体系的可分解性,EN50119：2009在2001版本基础上删除了架空接触网的施工和验收部分,增加了零部件的要求和测试等内容。这些变革都是针对2001年后EN50317、EN50318和EN50367的颁布所做出的调整。
由于EN50367规定了弓网系统动态相互作用性能的评估标准,欧盟成员国在选择不同的受电弓之后,接触网特性、机车车辆特性取值方面必然存在差异。目标性要求弓网系统在满足安全高效输电这一根本目的的前提下,达到促进泛欧铁路运输互联互通的宏观目的。
最后,本文通过全面对比中国与欧洲铁路弓网系统标准体系的相关技术,对中国弓网系统标准体系建设提出了几点可行性建议：应进一步加强对弓网关系核心问题的认识力度,针对自身环境特点尽快制定中国弓网系统的动态相互作用测量和仿真标准。同时,加大中国标准的翻译力度是推动中国弓网系统标准“走出去”从而尽快掌握在国际标准制订行业话语权的有效手段。
As a normative documents, the standard system plays an important role in the maintenance of industry. With the rapid development of high speed railway and its construction today, the technology of Chinese railway standard system has been gradually built and improved. However, there are still some problems in Chinese pantograph-catenary system due to the late start of Chinese railway industry and the shallow understanding of the standard. Since the Characteristics of Chinese pantograph have always been similar to the characteristics of German pantograph, it is expected to provide some reference to perfect Chinese pantograph-catenary system by learning from Europe.
The standard system of the European pantograph-catenary system is established on the basis of96/48/EC and Technical specification for interoperability (hereafter referred to as "TSI"). The standard system consists of EN50206-1, EN50119, EN50317, EN50318, EN50367. The standard system has six characteristics including collectivity, integrity, correlation, decomposability, environmental adaptability and targeted. Contact force is the key parameter of the interaction quality of pantograph-catenary system.
Firstly, the thesis demonstrates the core status of contact force in the pantograph-catenary system by studying the reflection of the collectivity and integrity in the standard system. Next, the thesis studies the standard establishment issues about the pantograph characteristics and test, overhead contact lines design, measurements and simulation of the dynamic interaction between pantograph and overhead contact line, technical criteria for the interaction between pantograph and overhead contact line of the correlation, decomposability, environmental adaptability and targeted of the standard system.
In terms of the vertical movement of contact point, the maximum height at the contact point of the train with single pantograph and the front pantograph of the trains with two pantographs is100mm, and the maximum height at the contact point of the latter pantograph of the trains with two pantographs is120mm. In order to reduce the wear of the contact line and the contact strip to the least, the area of copper alloy contact wire should adopt carbon contact strip. Contact resistance at the contact point is inversely proportional to the contact force when the pantograph and contact line is relatively static. The increase of the train speed will lead to the contact force increase.
The contact force is stipulated about the classification, value range, measurement and simulation, which is the internal factor that connect the standards of the European pantograph-catenary system. It also fully embodies the correlation of the standard system.
The thesis comes to a conclusion by studying the changes of EN50119due to the decomposability. EN50119:2009removed the part of construction and supervise about overhead contact line on the basis of the2001version,which at the same time added the component requirements and testing part. These changes are due to the publishment of EN50317, EN50318and EN50367after2001.
EN50367provides the evaluation criteria about dynamic interaction performance of the pantograph-catenary system. The EU Member States have different values in catenary and vehicle characteristics because of choosing a different kind of pantograph. The target requires the pantograph-catenary system to meet the fundamental purpose of the safe and efficient transmission. Meanwhile, it also requires the system to assure the macroscopic purpose of the interoperability of the trans-European high-speed railway system.
Finally, through the comparison between the pantograph-catenary systems in China and Europe, practical suggestions to standard system of the Chinese pantograph-catenary system are given:We should take notice of the core issues in Chinese pantograph-catenary system, and formulate measurement and simulation standard based on environment in China as soon as possible. At the same time, we should endeavor to translate the standard system in China to make it becoming international so that China can have the power to influence the standard-setting in the world.
欧洲弓网系统标准体系以96/48/EC为依据在TSI的基础上建立,主要由EN50206-1、EN50119、EN50317、EN50318、EN50367构成。该标准体系具有集合性、整体性、相关性、可分解性、环境适应性、目标性等六大特征,而弓网接触力是评估弓网相互作用质量的核心参数。
本文首先通过研究弓网接触力在标准体系集合性和整体性的体现,论证弓网接触力在弓网系统中的核心地位。其次,研究了标准体系的相关性和可分解性、环境适应性和目标性在受电弓特性与测试、架空接触网设计、动态相互作用的测量与仿真确认、相互作用接口技术规范等方面的标准制定问题。
就接触线的抬升量而言,单弓列车的受电弓及双弓列车的前弓抬升量最大为100mm,双弓列车的后弓抬升量最大为120mm。为了将接触线与滑板的磨耗降到最低,铜合金接触导线区宜采用碳滑板。接触点处的接触电阻在弓网相对静止时与弓网接触力成反比,同时,列车速度的增大会导致弓网接触力增大。
弓网接触力在每一个标准中从分类、取值范围、测量、仿真确认等方面做了详细规定,它是串联起欧洲弓网系统标准的内在因素,也充分体现了欧洲弓网系统标准体系的相关性。本文通过研究EN50119内容上的变革,得出以下结论：由于标准体系的可分解性,EN50119：2009在2001版本基础上删除了架空接触网的施工和验收部分,增加了零部件的要求和测试等内容。这些变革都是针对2001年后EN50317、EN50318和EN50367的颁布所做出的调整。
由于EN50367规定了弓网系统动态相互作用性能的评估标准,欧盟成员国在选择不同的受电弓之后,接触网特性、机车车辆特性取值方面必然存在差异。目标性要求弓网系统在满足安全高效输电这一根本目的的前提下,达到促进泛欧铁路运输互联互通的宏观目的。
最后,本文通过全面对比中国与欧洲铁路弓网系统标准体系的相关技术,对中国弓网系统标准体系建设提出了几点可行性建议：应进一步加强对弓网关系核心问题的认识力度,针对自身环境特点尽快制定中国弓网系统的动态相互作用测量和仿真标准。同时,加大中国标准的翻译力度是推动中国弓网系统标准“走出去”从而尽快掌握在国际标准制订行业话语权的有效手段。
As a normative documents, the standard system plays an important role in the maintenance of industry. With the rapid development of high speed railway and its construction today, the technology of Chinese railway standard system has been gradually built and improved. However, there are still some problems in Chinese pantograph-catenary system due to the late start of Chinese railway industry and the shallow understanding of the standard. Since the Characteristics of Chinese pantograph have always been similar to the characteristics of German pantograph, it is expected to provide some reference to perfect Chinese pantograph-catenary system by learning from Europe.
The standard system of the European pantograph-catenary system is established on the basis of96/48/EC and Technical specification for interoperability (hereafter referred to as "TSI"). The standard system consists of EN50206-1, EN50119, EN50317, EN50318, EN50367. The standard system has six characteristics including collectivity, integrity, correlation, decomposability, environmental adaptability and targeted. Contact force is the key parameter of the interaction quality of pantograph-catenary system.
Firstly, the thesis demonstrates the core status of contact force in the pantograph-catenary system by studying the reflection of the collectivity and integrity in the standard system. Next, the thesis studies the standard establishment issues about the pantograph characteristics and test, overhead contact lines design, measurements and simulation of the dynamic interaction between pantograph and overhead contact line, technical criteria for the interaction between pantograph and overhead contact line of the correlation, decomposability, environmental adaptability and targeted of the standard system.
In terms of the vertical movement of contact point, the maximum height at the contact point of the train with single pantograph and the front pantograph of the trains with two pantographs is100mm, and the maximum height at the contact point of the latter pantograph of the trains with two pantographs is120mm. In order to reduce the wear of the contact line and the contact strip to the least, the area of copper alloy contact wire should adopt carbon contact strip. Contact resistance at the contact point is inversely proportional to the contact force when the pantograph and contact line is relatively static. The increase of the train speed will lead to the contact force increase.
The contact force is stipulated about the classification, value range, measurement and simulation, which is the internal factor that connect the standards of the European pantograph-catenary system. It also fully embodies the correlation of the standard system.
The thesis comes to a conclusion by studying the changes of EN50119due to the decomposability. EN50119:2009removed the part of construction and supervise about overhead contact line on the basis of the2001version,which at the same time added the component requirements and testing part. These changes are due to the publishment of EN50317, EN50318and EN50367after2001.
EN50367provides the evaluation criteria about dynamic interaction performance of the pantograph-catenary system. The EU Member States have different values in catenary and vehicle characteristics because of choosing a different kind of pantograph. The target requires the pantograph-catenary system to meet the fundamental purpose of the safe and efficient transmission. Meanwhile, it also requires the system to assure the macroscopic purpose of the interoperability of the trans-European high-speed railway system.
Finally, through the comparison between the pantograph-catenary systems in China and Europe, practical suggestions to standard system of the Chinese pantograph-catenary system are given:We should take notice of the core issues in Chinese pantograph-catenary system, and formulate measurement and simulation standard based on environment in China as soon as possible. At the same time, we should endeavor to translate the standard system in China to make it becoming international so that China can have the power to influence the standard-setting in the world.
引文
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