接触网覆冰机理与在线防冰方法的研究
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摘要
我国电气化铁路总里程快速增长,客运高速和货运重载铁路大规模建设,一些新的电气化铁路线路很可能要穿越高寒、高湿和高海拔地区等易发生覆冰的区域,接触网覆冰灾害问题已成为各级部门广泛关注的问题,为了既能消除覆冰,同时也能保证行车所必须的电能供给,接触网在线防冰技术将成为未来电气化铁路防融冰的主要方法之一,因此迫切需要开展相关的基础理论研究。
论文研究了空气含水引起接触网覆冰的关键基础参量,基于流体力学、热力学,建立接触线、承力索、整体吊弦的气流场模型,通过水滴受力分析、动量平衡过程分析,建立气流场中水滴的运动轨迹,据此研究了水滴在接触网各部件表面的碰撞情况,确定局部碰撞率和总体碰撞率,为覆冰发展及覆冰动态热平衡的研究奠定基础。
研究了接触网覆冰的热平衡过程及增长规律,结合接触网周边及沿面的气流场及水滴碰撞率的研究结果,建立了覆冰热平衡方程,通过分析局部努珊数分布等特征,推导热平衡方程主要技术参数求取方法,确定各种运行工况下的接触网临界防冰电流,通过仿真接触网的干增长覆冰和湿增长覆冰过程中覆冰轮廓,研究覆冰量的变化规律。
研究了接触网在线防冰方法及其电气参量关联机制,提出了基于配对SVG (Static Var Generator)的无功潮流大电流融冰法,据此构建了基于SVG技术的接触网在线防冰方案,分析直供(包括末端并联运行)和AT(包括末端并联运行)两种供电方式下防冰电流和机车负荷电流的综合分布,推导电流分布与供电臂末端电压的关系式,并基于牵引网网压要求,给出不同工况下允许的防冰电流动态范围。
基于水滴碰撞率、热平衡方程和导线表面覆冰增长速度、接触网电流分布及电流与电压之间的关系,研究了接触网在线防冰电流的动态决策和防冰系统的控制,提出并验证了“以覆冰强度为控制目标的防冰开关决策方法”和“以接触网温度为控制目标的防冰电流决策方法”,分析实际运行工况下在线防冰过程中的接触网纵向温度、横向温度场,验证基于SVG在线防冰方案的有效性。
In China, the total mileage of electrified railway is growing rapidly, and passenger dedicated lines and heavy haul railways are under large-scale construction. Some newly built electrified railway lines maybe cross the cold, high humidity and high altitude areas where icing disasters occurred more easily. Problems caused by catenary icing have attracted widespread attention at all levels. Both eliminating icing and guaranteeing traction power supply should be achieved, therefore on-line anti-icing technology for catenary will be one of the key technologies to guarantee railway safe operation, on which basic theoretical research need be carried out urgently.
In this paper, some key basic factors for catenary icing caused by air moisture were studied. Airflow computation modules for contact wire, messenger wire and complete set of droppers were built on the basis of fluid mechanics and thermodynamics. Then water droplet trajectory was calculated by water droplets force analysis and the equation of motion, thereby enabling an evaluation of the local collision efficiency and the overall collision efficiency. These will be used for ice acceleration studies and the dynamic thermodynamic analysis.
The heat balance process and accretion mechanism of ice coating on catenary were analyzed, and the heat balance equation was built after the velocity distribution of the airflow field around catenary and the collision efficiency of water droplet were obtained. The critical anti-icing current for catenary in various operation modes were calculated by means of deriving heat balance equation and analyzing Nu distribution. Based on simulating the icing process in dry growth and wet growth, the icing amount variation was studied.
Electrical parameters were calculated in catenary online anti-icing process, in which reactive absorption and sending generated large current. An on-line anti-icing technology used static var generator (SVG) for catenary along railway was proposed. The comprehensive distribution of the anti-icing current and load current were analyzed in direct power supply system (including parallel operating in the end) and AT power supply system (including parallel operating in the end). Based on the voltage limitation of traction power net, the dynamic range of anti-icing currents were calculated under different operating conditions.
The key processes that have influence on ice acceleration rate such as collision efficiency of water droplet, heat balance equation have been analyzed. The relationship of catenary current distribution and voltage of traction power net also has been obtained. These were used for the dynamic control of the catenary anti-icing current and anti-icing system. Two decision-making modes which treat catenary temperature and iced strength as control objective were proposed. The icing amount variation, catenary temperature fields changing with time and distances to substation were calculated when online de-icing system running. Those results and analysis indicate the correctness and feasibility of the on-line anti-icing method using SVG.
论文研究了空气含水引起接触网覆冰的关键基础参量,基于流体力学、热力学,建立接触线、承力索、整体吊弦的气流场模型,通过水滴受力分析、动量平衡过程分析,建立气流场中水滴的运动轨迹,据此研究了水滴在接触网各部件表面的碰撞情况,确定局部碰撞率和总体碰撞率,为覆冰发展及覆冰动态热平衡的研究奠定基础。
研究了接触网覆冰的热平衡过程及增长规律,结合接触网周边及沿面的气流场及水滴碰撞率的研究结果,建立了覆冰热平衡方程,通过分析局部努珊数分布等特征,推导热平衡方程主要技术参数求取方法,确定各种运行工况下的接触网临界防冰电流,通过仿真接触网的干增长覆冰和湿增长覆冰过程中覆冰轮廓,研究覆冰量的变化规律。
研究了接触网在线防冰方法及其电气参量关联机制,提出了基于配对SVG (Static Var Generator)的无功潮流大电流融冰法,据此构建了基于SVG技术的接触网在线防冰方案,分析直供(包括末端并联运行)和AT(包括末端并联运行)两种供电方式下防冰电流和机车负荷电流的综合分布,推导电流分布与供电臂末端电压的关系式,并基于牵引网网压要求,给出不同工况下允许的防冰电流动态范围。
基于水滴碰撞率、热平衡方程和导线表面覆冰增长速度、接触网电流分布及电流与电压之间的关系,研究了接触网在线防冰电流的动态决策和防冰系统的控制,提出并验证了“以覆冰强度为控制目标的防冰开关决策方法”和“以接触网温度为控制目标的防冰电流决策方法”,分析实际运行工况下在线防冰过程中的接触网纵向温度、横向温度场,验证基于SVG在线防冰方案的有效性。
In China, the total mileage of electrified railway is growing rapidly, and passenger dedicated lines and heavy haul railways are under large-scale construction. Some newly built electrified railway lines maybe cross the cold, high humidity and high altitude areas where icing disasters occurred more easily. Problems caused by catenary icing have attracted widespread attention at all levels. Both eliminating icing and guaranteeing traction power supply should be achieved, therefore on-line anti-icing technology for catenary will be one of the key technologies to guarantee railway safe operation, on which basic theoretical research need be carried out urgently.
In this paper, some key basic factors for catenary icing caused by air moisture were studied. Airflow computation modules for contact wire, messenger wire and complete set of droppers were built on the basis of fluid mechanics and thermodynamics. Then water droplet trajectory was calculated by water droplets force analysis and the equation of motion, thereby enabling an evaluation of the local collision efficiency and the overall collision efficiency. These will be used for ice acceleration studies and the dynamic thermodynamic analysis.
The heat balance process and accretion mechanism of ice coating on catenary were analyzed, and the heat balance equation was built after the velocity distribution of the airflow field around catenary and the collision efficiency of water droplet were obtained. The critical anti-icing current for catenary in various operation modes were calculated by means of deriving heat balance equation and analyzing Nu distribution. Based on simulating the icing process in dry growth and wet growth, the icing amount variation was studied.
Electrical parameters were calculated in catenary online anti-icing process, in which reactive absorption and sending generated large current. An on-line anti-icing technology used static var generator (SVG) for catenary along railway was proposed. The comprehensive distribution of the anti-icing current and load current were analyzed in direct power supply system (including parallel operating in the end) and AT power supply system (including parallel operating in the end). Based on the voltage limitation of traction power net, the dynamic range of anti-icing currents were calculated under different operating conditions.
The key processes that have influence on ice acceleration rate such as collision efficiency of water droplet, heat balance equation have been analyzed. The relationship of catenary current distribution and voltage of traction power net also has been obtained. These were used for the dynamic control of the catenary anti-icing current and anti-icing system. Two decision-making modes which treat catenary temperature and iced strength as control objective were proposed. The icing amount variation, catenary temperature fields changing with time and distances to substation were calculated when online de-icing system running. Those results and analysis indicate the correctness and feasibility of the on-line anti-icing method using SVG.
引文
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