9F燃气轮机排气系统结构设计及分析
摘要
燃气轮机具有效率高,起停迅速,可使用多种可燃废气,占地面积小及可靠环保等特点。因而广泛应用于电厂及其它大功率输出的地方。排气系统作为燃气轮机的重要辅助系统,对其效率及正常工作有很大影响。但由于燃气轮机排气系统工作环境十分复杂和恶劣,除受到风和地震等自然环境造成的载荷外,还受到高温燃气的影响,排气系统结构的安全性受到极大的威胁。在电厂的实际运行中已陆续出现多起由于排气系统壳体过热或衬板脱落的情况。本文结合9F燃气轮机排气扩张管的设计项目,使用有限元软件Ansys建立排气扩张管模型,对其进行传热及热结构耦合有限元分析计算,对影响排气扩张管温度和结构强度各因素进行研究。并在此基础上结合行业规范和公司设计标准对排气扩张管进行优化设计。从而在本次设计中消除以往产品运行中出现的失效情况。并在保证产品质量的前提下,降低产品成本,缩短研制周期。
本文首先对排气扩张管的结构及防热初步设计方案进行研究和阐述;并结合行业规范和公司标准提出排气扩张管的设计要求。然后研究排气扩张管的热工况、温度分布、温升及各因素对温度分布和温升的影响,并提出合理的隔热设计方案。同时对环境载荷、结构载荷、基础载荷组合及它们对结构的影响进行计算和研究。并在此基础上对排气扩张管的设计进行优化。
Gas turbine can start up and shut down rapidly with high efficiency and high reliability. Meanwhile, it can burn many types of flammable exhaust gas with a smaller estate requirement to meet the higher environment protection criterion. So, gas turbine is widely used in power plant and other places where huge power output required. As one of the major accessories of gas turbine, exhaust system influence its efficiency and operation stability much. However, the safety of exhaust system's structure is threaten by both complex environment loads, such as wind load & seismic load, and the high temperature from exhaust gas. Overheat of exhaust diffuser duct shell and liners falling off were found in several power plant. In this paper, heat transfer and thermal - structure coupling analysis were performed by using Ansys software for the exhaust diffuser duct of 9F gas turbine. Factors relating to the temperature distribution and structure strength were also studied for the exhaust diffuser duct. Basing on this, optimization design was performed.
First, the structure design and thermal resistance design for the exhaust diffuser duct were studied and expatiated. Design requirements were also given out basing on industry codes and company standards. Then factors influencing the temperature of exhaust diffuser duct were studied and proper thermal resistance design was given out. Last, loads from environment and structure and their influence to the structure were studied; optimization design was performed.
本文首先对排气扩张管的结构及防热初步设计方案进行研究和阐述;并结合行业规范和公司标准提出排气扩张管的设计要求。然后研究排气扩张管的热工况、温度分布、温升及各因素对温度分布和温升的影响,并提出合理的隔热设计方案。同时对环境载荷、结构载荷、基础载荷组合及它们对结构的影响进行计算和研究。并在此基础上对排气扩张管的设计进行优化。
Gas turbine can start up and shut down rapidly with high efficiency and high reliability. Meanwhile, it can burn many types of flammable exhaust gas with a smaller estate requirement to meet the higher environment protection criterion. So, gas turbine is widely used in power plant and other places where huge power output required. As one of the major accessories of gas turbine, exhaust system influence its efficiency and operation stability much. However, the safety of exhaust system's structure is threaten by both complex environment loads, such as wind load & seismic load, and the high temperature from exhaust gas. Overheat of exhaust diffuser duct shell and liners falling off were found in several power plant. In this paper, heat transfer and thermal - structure coupling analysis were performed by using Ansys software for the exhaust diffuser duct of 9F gas turbine. Factors relating to the temperature distribution and structure strength were also studied for the exhaust diffuser duct. Basing on this, optimization design was performed.
First, the structure design and thermal resistance design for the exhaust diffuser duct were studied and expatiated. Design requirements were also given out basing on industry codes and company standards. Then factors influencing the temperature of exhaust diffuser duct were studied and proper thermal resistance design was given out. Last, loads from environment and structure and their influence to the structure were studied; optimization design was performed.
引文
[1]王国周,瞿及谦,钢结构-原理与设计[M],北京:清华大学出版社,1993,3-4页
[2] Z. Mróz, D.Bojczuk, Finite topology variations in optimal design of structures. Structure and Multidisciplinary Optimization, 2003, 25 (3): 153-173
[3] T.M.Cameron, A.C.Thinmavukarasu, M.E.M.EI-Sayed, Optimization of frame structures with flexible joints. Structure and Multidisciplinary Optimization, 2000, 19 (3): 204-213
[4] Goto Y, Miyasita S., Classification system for rigid and semi-rigid connections. Journal of structural engineering, 1998, 24 (7): 750-757
[5] Hasan T., Evaluation of connection stiffness and modeling of semi-rigid connections. Ph.D dissertation, Muroran Institute of Technology, Janpan, 1996
[6] Barakat M, Chen WE, Practical analysis of semi-rigid frames. Enginnering journal, 1990, 27 (2): 54-56
[7] Martin S. Slabinski, Finite element analysis of unsupported metal plate connector areas of timber joints under buckling loads. Master degree thesis, State University of New York, U.S, 2005
[8] Cheng-Hsien Chen, Buckling analysis of a composite column finite element analysis method using I-deas. Master degree thesis, California State University, U.S, 1999
[9]王浩科,简易柱脚转动约束对变截面门式刚架平面内稳定承载力影响研究[D],重庆大学,2004
[10]殷树元,25吨双梁吊车门式刚架钢结构厂房的优化设计研究[D],天津大学,2005
[11]朱伯芳,黎展眉,结构优化设计原理与应用[M],北京:水利电力出版社,1984,1-2页
[12]刘鹏,门式刚架的优化设计[J],工业建筑,2001(7),58-60
[13]王春燕,雷中平,武生志,机械构件有限元分析及前后置处理一体化研究[J],太原重型机械学院学报,1996,17(1),39-43
[14]王亚军,王峰,李约翰,有限元分析系统在结构计算中的比较及展望[J],基建优化,2003,24(4),50-54
[15]邢福生,结构有限元技术及发展[J],水科学与工程技术,2005(s1),46-47
[16] Sun Yazhong, Chen Zuobing, Data interactive technique in Pro/E and Hypermesh and Ansys and its application in structural analysis. Computer modeling and simulation, 2009, ICCMS'09 : 273-276
[17] Zhang Rui, Ju Jianmin, Finite element analysis based on Pro/E, Hypermesh and Ansys. Computer science and software engineering, 2008, International conference: 622-625.
[18]博嘉科技,有限元分析软件:Ansys融会与贯通[M],北京:中国水利水电出版社,2002,2-9页
[19] Sun Yuantao, Wang Shaome, Ansys second development method and application in computer aided engineering. Computer-aided industrial design and conceptual design, 2006, CAIDCD'06 (7): 1-3
[20] Alavizadeh A.R, Zargari A., Grise W.R., The application of Ansys software in analyzing and predicting thermal behavior. Electrical insulation conference and electrical manufacturing & coil winding conference, 1999: 583-588
[21]涂书栋,基于Ansys的压铸机合模机构有限元分析研究[D],武汉大学,2005
[22]博弈创作室,Ansys 7.0基础教程与实例详解[M],北京:中国水利水电出版社,2003,37页
[23]邵蕴秋,Ansys 8.0有限元分析实例导航(第4版)[M],北京:中国铁道出版社,2004,238页
[24] Ansys 10.0帮助文件[M],Ansys公司
[25]李维特,黄保海,毕仲波,热应力理论分析及应用[M],北京:中国电力出版社,2004,68页
[26]王洪纲,热弹性力学概论[M],北京:清华大学出版社,1989,1-3页
[27]竹内一郎,热应力[M],北京:科学出版社,1977,2-4页
[28]冶金工业部.GB 50191-93.构筑物抗震设计规范.北京:中国标准出版社,1993
[29]国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB 50011-2001.建筑抗震设计规范.北京:中国标准出版社,2001
[30] Uniform Building Code 1997, International Conference of Building Officials, US., 2003
[31] International Building Code 2006, International Code Council, US., 2006
[32]邵忍平,机械系统动力学[M],北京:机械工业出版社,2005,268-275页
[33]张亚军,基于有限元分析的鱼雷尾段优化设计[D],昆明理工大学,2007
[34]何晶昌,基于Ansys的CK6132数控车床主轴的动静态特性分析研究[D],重庆大学,2007
[2] Z. Mróz, D.Bojczuk, Finite topology variations in optimal design of structures. Structure and Multidisciplinary Optimization, 2003, 25 (3): 153-173
[3] T.M.Cameron, A.C.Thinmavukarasu, M.E.M.EI-Sayed, Optimization of frame structures with flexible joints. Structure and Multidisciplinary Optimization, 2000, 19 (3): 204-213
[4] Goto Y, Miyasita S., Classification system for rigid and semi-rigid connections. Journal of structural engineering, 1998, 24 (7): 750-757
[5] Hasan T., Evaluation of connection stiffness and modeling of semi-rigid connections. Ph.D dissertation, Muroran Institute of Technology, Janpan, 1996
[6] Barakat M, Chen WE, Practical analysis of semi-rigid frames. Enginnering journal, 1990, 27 (2): 54-56
[7] Martin S. Slabinski, Finite element analysis of unsupported metal plate connector areas of timber joints under buckling loads. Master degree thesis, State University of New York, U.S, 2005
[8] Cheng-Hsien Chen, Buckling analysis of a composite column finite element analysis method using I-deas. Master degree thesis, California State University, U.S, 1999
[9]王浩科,简易柱脚转动约束对变截面门式刚架平面内稳定承载力影响研究[D],重庆大学,2004
[10]殷树元,25吨双梁吊车门式刚架钢结构厂房的优化设计研究[D],天津大学,2005
[11]朱伯芳,黎展眉,结构优化设计原理与应用[M],北京:水利电力出版社,1984,1-2页
[12]刘鹏,门式刚架的优化设计[J],工业建筑,2001(7),58-60
[13]王春燕,雷中平,武生志,机械构件有限元分析及前后置处理一体化研究[J],太原重型机械学院学报,1996,17(1),39-43
[14]王亚军,王峰,李约翰,有限元分析系统在结构计算中的比较及展望[J],基建优化,2003,24(4),50-54
[15]邢福生,结构有限元技术及发展[J],水科学与工程技术,2005(s1),46-47
[16] Sun Yazhong, Chen Zuobing, Data interactive technique in Pro/E and Hypermesh and Ansys and its application in structural analysis. Computer modeling and simulation, 2009, ICCMS'09 : 273-276
[17] Zhang Rui, Ju Jianmin, Finite element analysis based on Pro/E, Hypermesh and Ansys. Computer science and software engineering, 2008, International conference: 622-625.
[18]博嘉科技,有限元分析软件:Ansys融会与贯通[M],北京:中国水利水电出版社,2002,2-9页
[19] Sun Yuantao, Wang Shaome, Ansys second development method and application in computer aided engineering. Computer-aided industrial design and conceptual design, 2006, CAIDCD'06 (7): 1-3
[20] Alavizadeh A.R, Zargari A., Grise W.R., The application of Ansys software in analyzing and predicting thermal behavior. Electrical insulation conference and electrical manufacturing & coil winding conference, 1999: 583-588
[21]涂书栋,基于Ansys的压铸机合模机构有限元分析研究[D],武汉大学,2005
[22]博弈创作室,Ansys 7.0基础教程与实例详解[M],北京:中国水利水电出版社,2003,37页
[23]邵蕴秋,Ansys 8.0有限元分析实例导航(第4版)[M],北京:中国铁道出版社,2004,238页
[24] Ansys 10.0帮助文件[M],Ansys公司
[25]李维特,黄保海,毕仲波,热应力理论分析及应用[M],北京:中国电力出版社,2004,68页
[26]王洪纲,热弹性力学概论[M],北京:清华大学出版社,1989,1-3页
[27]竹内一郎,热应力[M],北京:科学出版社,1977,2-4页
[28]冶金工业部.GB 50191-93.构筑物抗震设计规范.北京:中国标准出版社,1993
[29]国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB 50011-2001.建筑抗震设计规范.北京:中国标准出版社,2001
[30] Uniform Building Code 1997, International Conference of Building Officials, US., 2003
[31] International Building Code 2006, International Code Council, US., 2006
[32]邵忍平,机械系统动力学[M],北京:机械工业出版社,2005,268-275页
[33]张亚军,基于有限元分析的鱼雷尾段优化设计[D],昆明理工大学,2007
[34]何晶昌,基于Ansys的CK6132数控车床主轴的动静态特性分析研究[D],重庆大学,2007