高强度气体放电灯电子镇流技术研究
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摘要
高强度气体放电(High Intensity Discharge)灯以其高光通、高光效、长寿命和放电管小等特点，已成为照明领域极具竞争力的新光源。由于体积大、噪声和频闪的缺陷，电感式镇流器达不到绿色照明的要求。随着电力电子技术的发展和对高强度气体放电的认识，开始研制以高频变换为基础的电子镇流器，但HID灯在高频工作时极易产生声谐振现象，如电弧闪烁、扭曲和光强不稳，严重时可能熄弧，甚至导致灯管毁损。
本文对气体放电原理、等离子体的微观运动和宏观性质等方面进行研究，详细推导了高强度气体放电灯中等离子体振荡的特征方程，以揭示等离子体的振荡现象的激励机理和决定因素。
对等离子体振荡的外在表现-声谐振现象的电弧、声波和电气特征进行研究，集中分析了常规的声谐振抑制方法，着重研究了各种频率调制技术的频谱特征及其应用特点。
所研究的HID灯电子镇流器采用了两级拓扑结构，输入级的有源功率因数校正Boost电路和输出级的桥式逆变电路均采用PWM控制技术。PWM输出含有火量的谐波成分，频率和幅度同定，是产生电磁干扰和声谐振的能量源。
分析了输入电流谐波与功率因数的关系，讨论了有源功率因数校正技术，根据实际应用要求，提出了有源功率因数校正电路的改进设计，并研究了各种可变频率驱动和自振荡驱动技术。
根据声谐振的产生需要特定频率和足够能量以及谐波产生电磁干扰的结论，提出利用频谱分散方法，将PWM输出喈波的频率分散到更宽的范围，以降低输入电流总谐波失真度，减小电磁干扰：避免输出级HID灯的驱动信号在固定频率点上形成驻波，抑制声谐振的产生。
研究了Boost电路和等离子体中的混沌现象、特征及其控制方法，提山采用无反馈型的混沌控制方法-参数共振微扰法，通过给激励参数以特定频率的扰动，减弱甚至消除其中的混沌运动：同时获得连续的宽带频谱。
最后，对Boost电路和输出逆变电路，分别采用了不同的共振参数进行混沌控制，实现了对PWM波的实时在线混沌调制。获得了更多的频率成份，将PWM输出谐波的频率分散到更宽的范围，降低了各次谐波频率的准峰值：并使得驱动频率围绕中心频率不断非线性漂移，降低谐波幅值的平均值。
混沌调制电路简单实用。测试波形和数据表明：混沌调制技术能有效减小PWM电路产生的谐波，降低了输入级电路产生的电磁干扰，抑制了输出级的声谐振现象。
High intensity discharge (HID) lamp , with high luminous flux and high efficiency and long life and small discharge tube , has been the new lighting source with powerful competitiveness .The coil inductance ballast, with the disadvantages of larger size and noises and flicker, can not arrive at the expectation of green-lighting .Along with the development of power electronics and the knowledge of HID lamp , the electronic ballast, based on high frequency conversion , come into research , but HID lamp operating at high frequency gives birth to acoustic resonance easily, like arc shrink and distortion and instable intensity , which can wink the light, and even cause the destruction of the vessel.
The scheme of gas discharge and the micro motion and macro characteristics are studied in this paper, and the eigenfunctions of plasma resonance of HID lamp are deduced in detail, so as to find out the exciting mechanism and crucial factor of the acoustic resonance in plasma of HID lamp.
The characteristics of arc and acoustic wave and electrics of acoustic resonance ,the extrinsic representation of plasma , are researched , and the general techniques for suppressing acoustic resonance are also concentratively analyzed , the applied chacarteristics of many kinds of frequency modulation and their spectrums are mainly discussed in the paper.
Pulse width modulation are used both in two topological stages of HID electronic ballast , the input stage is Boost circuit with active power factor correction , the output stage is the bridge inverter . The harmonics of PWM with invariable frequencies and invariable magnitudes are energy sources of electromagnetic interference and acoustic resonance.
The relationship of input current harmonics and power factor is analyzed , the active power factor correction technique is concluded , and then the novel reformation and frequency-varying technique and self-oscillation circuit are proposed for designing the APFC circuit to meet the practical application .
Based on the conclusion that the excition of acoustic resonance should have appropriate frequency and enough energy and the electromagnetic interferences are producted by harmonics , the technique of spread spectrum is proposed to spread the harmonic frequencies broader , so as to reduce the total harmonic distortion of input current, and decrease the electromagnetic interference , and to avoid the driving signal for HID lamp to be standing waves in some invarable frequencies , so as to suppress the acoustic resonance.
The chaotic phenomena and characteristics in Boost circuit and plasms and their control methods are discussed in this paper, a chaotic control approach , resonant parametric perturbation , is proposed to weaken and even eliminate the chaotic motion , and get continuous and broader spectrums at the same time .
Finally , chaotic control techniques are taken for Boost circuit and inverter with different resonant parameters, the real time and online chaotic controls are realized . More frequency components are obtained to spread the PWM harmonic frequencies over a broader band , and decrease their quasi peak values . The driving frequency is maken to take a nonlinear swing about a central frequency , so as to reduce the average amplitude values of the harmonics .
The chaotic modulation circuit is very simple , can meet the need of practical application . It is shown by experimental data and testing waves that the chaotic modulation can decrease efficiently the PWM harmonics, reduce the electromagnetic interference, and suppress the acoustic resonance in HID lamp.
本文对气体放电原理、等离子体的微观运动和宏观性质等方面进行研究，详细推导了高强度气体放电灯中等离子体振荡的特征方程，以揭示等离子体的振荡现象的激励机理和决定因素。
对等离子体振荡的外在表现-声谐振现象的电弧、声波和电气特征进行研究，集中分析了常规的声谐振抑制方法，着重研究了各种频率调制技术的频谱特征及其应用特点。
所研究的HID灯电子镇流器采用了两级拓扑结构，输入级的有源功率因数校正Boost电路和输出级的桥式逆变电路均采用PWM控制技术。PWM输出含有火量的谐波成分，频率和幅度同定，是产生电磁干扰和声谐振的能量源。
分析了输入电流谐波与功率因数的关系，讨论了有源功率因数校正技术，根据实际应用要求，提出了有源功率因数校正电路的改进设计，并研究了各种可变频率驱动和自振荡驱动技术。
根据声谐振的产生需要特定频率和足够能量以及谐波产生电磁干扰的结论，提出利用频谱分散方法，将PWM输出喈波的频率分散到更宽的范围，以降低输入电流总谐波失真度，减小电磁干扰：避免输出级HID灯的驱动信号在固定频率点上形成驻波，抑制声谐振的产生。
研究了Boost电路和等离子体中的混沌现象、特征及其控制方法，提山采用无反馈型的混沌控制方法-参数共振微扰法，通过给激励参数以特定频率的扰动，减弱甚至消除其中的混沌运动：同时获得连续的宽带频谱。
最后，对Boost电路和输出逆变电路，分别采用了不同的共振参数进行混沌控制，实现了对PWM波的实时在线混沌调制。获得了更多的频率成份，将PWM输出谐波的频率分散到更宽的范围，降低了各次谐波频率的准峰值：并使得驱动频率围绕中心频率不断非线性漂移，降低谐波幅值的平均值。
混沌调制电路简单实用。测试波形和数据表明：混沌调制技术能有效减小PWM电路产生的谐波，降低了输入级电路产生的电磁干扰，抑制了输出级的声谐振现象。
High intensity discharge (HID) lamp , with high luminous flux and high efficiency and long life and small discharge tube , has been the new lighting source with powerful competitiveness .The coil inductance ballast, with the disadvantages of larger size and noises and flicker, can not arrive at the expectation of green-lighting .Along with the development of power electronics and the knowledge of HID lamp , the electronic ballast, based on high frequency conversion , come into research , but HID lamp operating at high frequency gives birth to acoustic resonance easily, like arc shrink and distortion and instable intensity , which can wink the light, and even cause the destruction of the vessel.
The scheme of gas discharge and the micro motion and macro characteristics are studied in this paper, and the eigenfunctions of plasma resonance of HID lamp are deduced in detail, so as to find out the exciting mechanism and crucial factor of the acoustic resonance in plasma of HID lamp.
The characteristics of arc and acoustic wave and electrics of acoustic resonance ,the extrinsic representation of plasma , are researched , and the general techniques for suppressing acoustic resonance are also concentratively analyzed , the applied chacarteristics of many kinds of frequency modulation and their spectrums are mainly discussed in the paper.
Pulse width modulation are used both in two topological stages of HID electronic ballast , the input stage is Boost circuit with active power factor correction , the output stage is the bridge inverter . The harmonics of PWM with invariable frequencies and invariable magnitudes are energy sources of electromagnetic interference and acoustic resonance.
The relationship of input current harmonics and power factor is analyzed , the active power factor correction technique is concluded , and then the novel reformation and frequency-varying technique and self-oscillation circuit are proposed for designing the APFC circuit to meet the practical application .
Based on the conclusion that the excition of acoustic resonance should have appropriate frequency and enough energy and the electromagnetic interferences are producted by harmonics , the technique of spread spectrum is proposed to spread the harmonic frequencies broader , so as to reduce the total harmonic distortion of input current, and decrease the electromagnetic interference , and to avoid the driving signal for HID lamp to be standing waves in some invarable frequencies , so as to suppress the acoustic resonance.
The chaotic phenomena and characteristics in Boost circuit and plasms and their control methods are discussed in this paper, a chaotic control approach , resonant parametric perturbation , is proposed to weaken and even eliminate the chaotic motion , and get continuous and broader spectrums at the same time .
Finally , chaotic control techniques are taken for Boost circuit and inverter with different resonant parameters, the real time and online chaotic controls are realized . More frequency components are obtained to spread the PWM harmonic frequencies over a broader band , and decrease their quasi peak values . The driving frequency is maken to take a nonlinear swing about a central frequency , so as to reduce the average amplitude values of the harmonics .
The chaotic modulation circuit is very simple , can meet the need of practical application . It is shown by experimental data and testing waves that the chaotic modulation can decrease efficiently the PWM harmonics, reduce the electromagnetic interference, and suppress the acoustic resonance in HID lamp.
引文
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