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差压式涡街质量流量计信号处理系统的研制
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摘要
涡街流量计是基于卡门涡街原理设计的一种流量计,由于它具有其他流量计不可兼得的优点,目前已广泛应用于各个领域。质量流量的测量是过程参数检测技术的一个难点和热点问题。本文在常规涡街流量计研究的基础上,根据旋涡脱落的基本特性,在管壁上安装差压传感器,研制了一种利用差压原理直接测量质量流量的流量计信号处理系统。本文的主要研究内容如下:
     (1)对流量测量特别是质量流量测量作了简要概述,并对涡街流量计的特点及国内外的研究现状作了详尽的论述。介绍了差压式涡街质量流量计的测量原理,分析了该方法的特点及实现的技术难点。
     (2)完成了差压式涡街质量流量计的硬件设计。根据差压检测原理的特点,设计了信号分离电路、程控放大电路和自适应滤波电路。整个硬件系统还包括单片机系统、通信模块和电源模块等。
     (3)完成了差压式涡街质量流量计的软件设计。在分析涡街信号特点的基础上,用功率谱方法来处理信号。并在MSP430F1611单片机上实现了FFT谱分析法、频谱校正算法和自适应滤波算法,实现了涡街频率的准确提取。
     (4)对差压式涡街质量流量计信号处理系统进行了标定,结果表明,本系统实现了质量流量和体积流量的多参数测量。通过实验,分析了系统测量时产生误差的主要原因及涡街流量计安装方式对测量结果的影响。本文的创新之处在于设计了一种信号分离电路,从而实现了采用单个传感器测量流体多个参数;采用程控放大和自适应滤波技术,提高了系统的抗干扰能力和通用性;采用单片机实现了流量信号的FFT功率谱分析,提高了涡街频率提取的准确度。
Vortex flowmeter is designed on the basis of Karman vortex street principle. It iscurrently widely applied to various fields because of the advantages that can not beinstead of. Mass flowrate measurement is a difficult but popular issure in industrialprocess measurement technology. Based on the conventional vortex flowmeter and thefeature of vortex shedding, a new mass flow meter was developed using differentialpressure sensor to detect the vortex signal in the thesis. The dissertation mainlyfocuses on the following contents:
     (1) Flow measurements especially mass flow rate measurements were brieflysummarized, and vortex flowmeter especially for the mass flow ratemeasurement were detailed discussed. Then, the principle ofdifferential-pressure based vortex flow meter for mass flowrate measurementwas presented and the characteristics and difficulties of this method wereanalyzed.
     (2) The hardware of the mass flow meter was designed. Based on thecharacteristics of the differential-pressure measurement, signal separatingcircuit, programmable gain amplification and programmable filtering circuitwas designed. The hardware system also includes: micro-processor module,communication module and power system module.
     (3) The software of the mass flow meter was designed. Based on the analysis ofthe characteristics of the vortex signal, the fast Fourier transform algorithmwas used to deal with the vortex signal. Its accuracy for vortex frequencymeasurement was improved by frequency spectral correction and adaptivefiltering which was designed on MSP430F1611 processor.
     (4) The result of the demarcating of the system shows that, the mass flow metercould measure multi-parameter of the flow, including the mass flow rate andthe volume flow rate. Experiments were carried out to study on theperformance of the mass flow meter. And the influence of horizontal andvertical assemble patterns on the measurement performance of vortexflowmeter was investigated.
     The innovation in this thesis is list below: The multi-parameter of the flowwas detected by designing a signal separating circuit; This mass flow meter hadstrong anti-noise ability and wide applicability by adopting programmable gainamplification and adaptive filtering technique; Its accuracy for vortex frequencymeasurement was improved by the fast Fourier transform algorithm to deal withthe vortex signal.
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