重庆市长寿区城市河岸生态修复技术研究
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摘要
桃花溪系长江左岸的一条支流,流经重庆市长寿区城区,由于工业废水和居民生活污水的排放,桃花溪面临水环境污染和水土流失日趋严重的状况,河流两岸的生态护岸对生态环境的改善具有重要作用。为探讨城市河流生态护岸技术的重要性及其应用的效果,本论文依托国家林业局“948”项目“城市河流生态系统的森林生物工程修复技术引进(2007-4-14)”,在桃花溪河岸进行河岸生态修复技术研究,以期为我国城市河流生态修复建设提供理论基础及科学依据。
研究内容主要包括河流生态护岸理论与技术、岸坡土壤理化特征、岸坡土壤抗蚀性、岸坡土壤抗剪性、岸坡植被特征、桃花溪河岸生态修复效果综合评价、人工湿地护岸装置的设计和填料的筛选等,主要研究成果如下：
将国内外先进的河岸修复技术与我国生态河岸建设理念相结合,设计了适合我国的护岸措施,并将护岸方案在桃花溪的重庆市长寿区段进行实施。
采用野外调查结合室内试验的方法对重庆市长寿区桃花溪生态护岸应用后的效果进行了研究。在总体群落中,植被护岸的植物生长最好,物种丰富,分布较均匀,物种多样性指数较高。岸坡土体抗剪强度,植被护岸(68.6kPa)>天然织物垫护岸(68.0kPa)>天然织物扁袋护岸(57.7kPa)>对照岸坡(40.6kPa)。各系列护岸技术对土壤的改良作用整体以植被护岸措施最优,天然织物垫护岸稍差,天然织物垫护岸与植被护岸的土壤微团聚体水稳定性明显优于天然织物扁袋护岸与对照岸坡,其对土壤结构的改善效果最为明显。各护岸类型抗蚀性综合得分分别为：植被护岸(-5.69)>天然织物垫护岸(-6.31)>天然织物扁袋护岸(-12.97)>对照岸坡(-15.00)。不同护岸类型,均不同程度的增强了河道岸坡土壤的抗蚀性,植被护岸与天然织物垫护岸对土壤抗蚀性的影响明显大于天然织物扁袋护岸和对照岸坡。
采用层次分析法对重庆市长寿区桃花溪各生态护岸模式的生态修复效果进行分析。各护岸类型生态修复效果的量化指标介于0.709—0.928之间,其排列顺序为：植被护岸(0.928)>天然织物垫护岸(0.874)>天然织物扁袋护岸(0.819)>对照岸坡(0.709)。各护岸类型的生态修复效果均好于对照岸坡,以植被护岸的修复效果最好,天然织物垫护岸和天然织物扁袋护岸效果次之。
设计出具有防护岸坡、净水和景观等功能的人工湿地护岸装置,通过室内试验的方法,研究了不同条件下填料对污染物质的吸附效果,沸石、圆陶粒、页岩、砾石和粗砂这五种填料对污染物质氨氮和TP的吸附量均随着吸附时间的增长而增加,达到吸附量最大值后,吸附量趋于稳定或略有下降。在10℃—25℃的温度范围内,温度对试验的五种填料的吸附氨氮的影响不大；圆陶粒、页岩、砾石和粗砂对TP的吸附量都是随温度升高而增大,温度高不利于沸石对TP的吸附。沸石对氨氮的吸附在酸性条件下有利,沸石去除氨氮的效果在pH值在6-7的范围最好；圆陶粒在pH值为6-10的范围对氨氮具有较好的净化效果。在碱性条件下五种填料对TP的去除效果优于酸性条件下的去除效果。研究了利用人工湿地护岸装置净化污水的填料选择与配比方案,方案1、5、7对NH3-N和TN的去除率都较高,均达到40%以上,建议在净化NH3-N和TN为主要污染物的污水时,使用以上的配比方案；方案2、5对CODcr的去除率在50%左右,当污水主要成分为CODcr时,可以应用方案2和5的配比比例；方案5对各种污染物质的去除率都较高,是比较理想的配比填料组合方案。并获得一项专利。
本文对城市河流生态护岸技术的研究,丰富了河流生态系统的研究内容,为城市生态河流系统的构建和可持续管理提供了科学依据。
Taohuaxi River line the left bank of a tributary of the Yangtze River, flows through the Changshou District. Water pollution and soil erosion of Taohuaxi River facing the increasingly serious situation due to industrial waste water and living sewage discharge. Both sides of the river bank protection of ecological environment of the improvement has an important role. To explore the ecology of urban river bank protection the importance of technology and its application of the results, this paper relies on the State Forestry Administration, "948" project, "urban river ecosystem restoration of forest biological engineering technology introduction (2007-4-14)" in Taohuaxi riparian restoration techniques for riparian ecosystem research, with a view to build ecological restoration of urban rivers and provide a theoretical foundation and scientific basis.
The study includes the theory and technology of river ecosystem revetment, bank soil physical and chemical characteristics of slope soil corrosion resistance, shear resistance of soil slope, bank vegetation, Taohuaxi River comprehensive evaluation of effects of riparian ecosystem restoration, wetland bank protection device design and screening of such fillers, the main findings are as follows:
Riparian restoration will be advanced technology and our philosophy of combining ecological riparian building designed for our bank protection measures, and bank protection program was implemented in Taohuaxi River the Chongqing section
Combination of laboratory tests using field survey methods for ecological revetment applications of Taohuaxi River in Changshou were studied after the effect. Communities in general, vegetation revetment of the best plant growth, species richness, more uniform distribution, species diversity index is higher. Shear strength of soil slope, vegetation revetment (68.6kPa)> Natural fabric mat revetment (68.0kPa)> Natural fabric flat bag revetment (57.7kPa)> control slope (40.6kPa). The series of bank protection techniques for soil improvement role in the overall best bank protection measures to vegetation, revetment mat somewhat less natural fabrics, natural fabrics and vegetation revetment mat of soil micro-aggregate water stability was significantly better than the natural bank protection and control fabric flat bag shore slope, and its effect on soil structure improvement is most obvious. Corrosion resistance of the revetment type composite score was:vegetation revetment (-5.69)> Natural fabric mat revetment (-6.31)> Natural fabric flat bag revetment (-12.97)> control slope (-15.00). Different revetment types are different levels of the river bank slope to enhance the corrosion resistance of soil, vegetation and natural fabric revetment mat corrosion resistance of the soil was significantly greater than the natural bank protection and control fabric flat bag Slope.
The ecological revetment model of Taohuaxi River was analyzed of the effects of ecological restoration by the A HP in Changshou. The revetment types of quantitative indicators of ecological restoration effects range between 0.709-0.928, and the order of:vegetation revetment (0.928)> revetment mat of natural fabrics (0.874)> Natural fabric flat bag revetment (0.819)> control slope (0.709). The revetment types of ecological restoration effects are better than the control slope, vegetation revetment repair with the best, natural fabrics and natural fabric pad flat bag revetment effect followed.
Designed with protection slope, water and landscape features such as wetlands bank protection device, the method by laboratory tests to study the filler under different conditions of adsorption of pollutants, zeolite, round ceramic, shale, gravel and coarse sand filling of the five pollutants and ammonia nitrogen adsorption volume with the TP adsorption increases with time, reaching the maximum adsorption capacity, the adsorption stabilized or declined slightly. At 10℃-25℃temperature range, the temperature of the test five filler little effect on the adsorption of ammonia; round ceramic, shale, gravel and coarse sand of TP adsorption increased with increasing temperature are, high temperature is not conducive to zeolite adsorption of TP. Zeolite adsorption of ammonia under acidic conditions favorable, the effect of zeolite to remove ammonia in the pH range of 6-7 is best; round ceramic range of pH 6-10 with a better purification of ammonia effect. Five kinds of filler in the alkaline conditions better than the TP removal removal under acidic conditions. Studied the use of artificial wetlands bank protection device selection and purification of waste water filling ratio, program 1,5,7 of NH3-N and TN removal rate are high, more than 40% are recommended in the purification of NH3-N and TN as the main pollutants of sewage, using the ratio of the above program; program 2,5 CODcr removal rate of about 50%, when the main component of sewage CODcr, the program can be applied to the proportion of the ratio of 2 and 5; Scenario 5 the removal of various pollutants have a high ratio of filler is the ideal combination of solutions. And obtain a patent.
In this paper, urban rivers ecological revetment techniques, enriched the content of the study river ecosystem, river systems for urban ecology and sustainable management of building a scientific basis.
研究内容主要包括河流生态护岸理论与技术、岸坡土壤理化特征、岸坡土壤抗蚀性、岸坡土壤抗剪性、岸坡植被特征、桃花溪河岸生态修复效果综合评价、人工湿地护岸装置的设计和填料的筛选等,主要研究成果如下：
将国内外先进的河岸修复技术与我国生态河岸建设理念相结合,设计了适合我国的护岸措施,并将护岸方案在桃花溪的重庆市长寿区段进行实施。
采用野外调查结合室内试验的方法对重庆市长寿区桃花溪生态护岸应用后的效果进行了研究。在总体群落中,植被护岸的植物生长最好,物种丰富,分布较均匀,物种多样性指数较高。岸坡土体抗剪强度,植被护岸(68.6kPa)>天然织物垫护岸(68.0kPa)>天然织物扁袋护岸(57.7kPa)>对照岸坡(40.6kPa)。各系列护岸技术对土壤的改良作用整体以植被护岸措施最优,天然织物垫护岸稍差,天然织物垫护岸与植被护岸的土壤微团聚体水稳定性明显优于天然织物扁袋护岸与对照岸坡,其对土壤结构的改善效果最为明显。各护岸类型抗蚀性综合得分分别为：植被护岸(-5.69)>天然织物垫护岸(-6.31)>天然织物扁袋护岸(-12.97)>对照岸坡(-15.00)。不同护岸类型,均不同程度的增强了河道岸坡土壤的抗蚀性,植被护岸与天然织物垫护岸对土壤抗蚀性的影响明显大于天然织物扁袋护岸和对照岸坡。
采用层次分析法对重庆市长寿区桃花溪各生态护岸模式的生态修复效果进行分析。各护岸类型生态修复效果的量化指标介于0.709—0.928之间,其排列顺序为：植被护岸(0.928)>天然织物垫护岸(0.874)>天然织物扁袋护岸(0.819)>对照岸坡(0.709)。各护岸类型的生态修复效果均好于对照岸坡,以植被护岸的修复效果最好,天然织物垫护岸和天然织物扁袋护岸效果次之。
设计出具有防护岸坡、净水和景观等功能的人工湿地护岸装置,通过室内试验的方法,研究了不同条件下填料对污染物质的吸附效果,沸石、圆陶粒、页岩、砾石和粗砂这五种填料对污染物质氨氮和TP的吸附量均随着吸附时间的增长而增加,达到吸附量最大值后,吸附量趋于稳定或略有下降。在10℃—25℃的温度范围内,温度对试验的五种填料的吸附氨氮的影响不大；圆陶粒、页岩、砾石和粗砂对TP的吸附量都是随温度升高而增大,温度高不利于沸石对TP的吸附。沸石对氨氮的吸附在酸性条件下有利,沸石去除氨氮的效果在pH值在6-7的范围最好；圆陶粒在pH值为6-10的范围对氨氮具有较好的净化效果。在碱性条件下五种填料对TP的去除效果优于酸性条件下的去除效果。研究了利用人工湿地护岸装置净化污水的填料选择与配比方案,方案1、5、7对NH3-N和TN的去除率都较高,均达到40%以上,建议在净化NH3-N和TN为主要污染物的污水时,使用以上的配比方案；方案2、5对CODcr的去除率在50%左右,当污水主要成分为CODcr时,可以应用方案2和5的配比比例；方案5对各种污染物质的去除率都较高,是比较理想的配比填料组合方案。并获得一项专利。
本文对城市河流生态护岸技术的研究,丰富了河流生态系统的研究内容,为城市生态河流系统的构建和可持续管理提供了科学依据。
Taohuaxi River line the left bank of a tributary of the Yangtze River, flows through the Changshou District. Water pollution and soil erosion of Taohuaxi River facing the increasingly serious situation due to industrial waste water and living sewage discharge. Both sides of the river bank protection of ecological environment of the improvement has an important role. To explore the ecology of urban river bank protection the importance of technology and its application of the results, this paper relies on the State Forestry Administration, "948" project, "urban river ecosystem restoration of forest biological engineering technology introduction (2007-4-14)" in Taohuaxi riparian restoration techniques for riparian ecosystem research, with a view to build ecological restoration of urban rivers and provide a theoretical foundation and scientific basis.
The study includes the theory and technology of river ecosystem revetment, bank soil physical and chemical characteristics of slope soil corrosion resistance, shear resistance of soil slope, bank vegetation, Taohuaxi River comprehensive evaluation of effects of riparian ecosystem restoration, wetland bank protection device design and screening of such fillers, the main findings are as follows:
Riparian restoration will be advanced technology and our philosophy of combining ecological riparian building designed for our bank protection measures, and bank protection program was implemented in Taohuaxi River the Chongqing section
Combination of laboratory tests using field survey methods for ecological revetment applications of Taohuaxi River in Changshou were studied after the effect. Communities in general, vegetation revetment of the best plant growth, species richness, more uniform distribution, species diversity index is higher. Shear strength of soil slope, vegetation revetment (68.6kPa)> Natural fabric mat revetment (68.0kPa)> Natural fabric flat bag revetment (57.7kPa)> control slope (40.6kPa). The series of bank protection techniques for soil improvement role in the overall best bank protection measures to vegetation, revetment mat somewhat less natural fabrics, natural fabrics and vegetation revetment mat of soil micro-aggregate water stability was significantly better than the natural bank protection and control fabric flat bag shore slope, and its effect on soil structure improvement is most obvious. Corrosion resistance of the revetment type composite score was:vegetation revetment (-5.69)> Natural fabric mat revetment (-6.31)> Natural fabric flat bag revetment (-12.97)> control slope (-15.00). Different revetment types are different levels of the river bank slope to enhance the corrosion resistance of soil, vegetation and natural fabric revetment mat corrosion resistance of the soil was significantly greater than the natural bank protection and control fabric flat bag Slope.
The ecological revetment model of Taohuaxi River was analyzed of the effects of ecological restoration by the A HP in Changshou. The revetment types of quantitative indicators of ecological restoration effects range between 0.709-0.928, and the order of:vegetation revetment (0.928)> revetment mat of natural fabrics (0.874)> Natural fabric flat bag revetment (0.819)> control slope (0.709). The revetment types of ecological restoration effects are better than the control slope, vegetation revetment repair with the best, natural fabrics and natural fabric pad flat bag revetment effect followed.
Designed with protection slope, water and landscape features such as wetlands bank protection device, the method by laboratory tests to study the filler under different conditions of adsorption of pollutants, zeolite, round ceramic, shale, gravel and coarse sand filling of the five pollutants and ammonia nitrogen adsorption volume with the TP adsorption increases with time, reaching the maximum adsorption capacity, the adsorption stabilized or declined slightly. At 10℃-25℃temperature range, the temperature of the test five filler little effect on the adsorption of ammonia; round ceramic, shale, gravel and coarse sand of TP adsorption increased with increasing temperature are, high temperature is not conducive to zeolite adsorption of TP. Zeolite adsorption of ammonia under acidic conditions favorable, the effect of zeolite to remove ammonia in the pH range of 6-7 is best; round ceramic range of pH 6-10 with a better purification of ammonia effect. Five kinds of filler in the alkaline conditions better than the TP removal removal under acidic conditions. Studied the use of artificial wetlands bank protection device selection and purification of waste water filling ratio, program 1,5,7 of NH3-N and TN removal rate are high, more than 40% are recommended in the purification of NH3-N and TN as the main pollutants of sewage, using the ratio of the above program; program 2,5 CODcr removal rate of about 50%, when the main component of sewage CODcr, the program can be applied to the proportion of the ratio of 2 and 5; Scenario 5 the removal of various pollutants have a high ratio of filler is the ideal combination of solutions. And obtain a patent.
In this paper, urban rivers ecological revetment techniques, enriched the content of the study river ecosystem, river systems for urban ecology and sustainable management of building a scientific basis.
引文
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