东北地块南北缘中生代构造变形与演化
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摘要
东北地块南北缘构造变形与演化控制了东北地块内部的构造演化,对研究中亚造山带东段构造演化也具有重要意义。本文选择了东北地块北缘蒙古鄂霍茨克构造带中段艾伦达瓦变质变形带和南缘华北东北缘韧性剪切带及桦甸盆地为对象,展开研究东北地块南北边界中生代构造演化特征。对艾伦达瓦变质变形带5个韧性变形点进行了形态学和动力学解析,显示由NW往SE的剪切作用。剪切方向单一,未发现多方向的变形叠加现象,可能指示了蒙古鄂霍茨克构造带的形成经历了一期强烈的俯冲碰撞或多期同向的俯冲碰撞作用。对艾伦达瓦变质变形带原岩及后期伟晶岩进行SHRIMP锆石U-Pb同位素年代学研究,认为艾伦达瓦变质带的主变质变形是发生在170-160Ma期间,亦即蒙古-鄂霍茨克碰撞带向东南方向作大规模逆掩推覆作用主要发生中晚侏罗世过渡时期。认为是在东亚多向汇聚动力学背景之下形成。对mg6脆性断层滑动矢量进行了统计和古应力场反演,得出两期古构造应力场,一期为NW-SE挤压,一期为近E-W挤压。NW-SE挤压应力场可能对应了晚侏罗世古太平洋板块对中亚地区的远程影响,而近E-W向挤压可能反映了早新生代印度-欧亚板块碰撞对中亚地区的远程效应。
通过分析华北东北缘韧性剪切带各段变形特征,厘定了该韧性剪切带的基本形态和变形特征。即华北东北缘韧性剪切带总体为东西走向,面理往北倾30°到50°,线理亦向北倾伏。由韧性带内矿物旋转碎斑、S-C组构等反映剪切方向的标志,判断出该韧性剪切带为一由北往南的推覆型剪切带。通过对华北东北缘韧性剪切带原岩进行SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年和MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年以及对同变形期白云母、黑云母、角闪石进行40Ar-39Ar测年。确定了华北东北缘韧性剪切带的活动时间集中在中侏罗向晚侏罗过渡时期(161Ma-165Ma)。结合构造变形和年代学特征,分析了华北东北缘韧性剪切带与郯庐断裂带北延分支密山-敦化断裂之间的关系。结合前人通过40Ar-39Ar测年所获得的敦密断裂大型左行平移时间(161±3Ma),认为华北东北缘韧性剪切带的形成与错开是同时进行的。分析了华北东北缘韧性剪切带的动力学机制。认为中晚侏罗世的东亚多向汇聚事件是该韧性剪切带形成的动力来源。
反演了晚中生代-早新生代与桦甸盆地形成和演化相关的4期古构造应力场。最早的一期为S-N向挤压和E-W向引张,具体作用时间可能为晚侏罗,对应了燕山运动古太平洋和蒙古鄂霍次洋向东北地块俯冲的联合作用。紧接着的早白垩世NW-SE引张应力作用,对应了燕山运动强烈挤压后的构造引张,桦甸盆地地区受此区域引张作用,大量早白垩世纪火山岩喷出,并开始接受盆地的初始沉积。晚白垩世构造应力场转换为NW-SE挤压和NE-SW引张应力场,这期应力场在东北地块广泛存在,使得K2地层发生明显褶皱变形,并形成K1与E之间的角度不整合接触,同时也导致盆地早期断层再活化,发生逆冲运动,盆地内下伏花岗岩体亦因此抬升剥蚀而出露地表。古近纪的NE-SW挤压反映了对桦甸盆地的影响较弱,E地层受扰动较小,产状平缓。桦甸盆地古应力场的的演化特征对研究中生代晚期到新生代早期多板块对东北地块的构造影响具有重要意义。本文认为其中晚中生代应力作用主要受古太平洋板块和西伯利亚板块向东亚地区俯冲影响,而早新生代应力作用可能与印度板块与欧亚大陆碰撞的远程效应有关。
The tectonic deformation and evolution of the north and south margins of northest China are important which controlled the tectonic deformation of the inner part of the northeast China and they are also the important segments of the central Asia tectonic belt. We choosed3important areas to research these two margins:Mongolia-Okhotsk collisional belt, the margin between North China Craton and Northeast China Terren and the Huadian basin.
As the important part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, the Tectonic deformation and dynamic characteristics of the Mongolia-Okhotsk collisional belt have attracted much attention. Along the middle part of the Mongolia-Okhotsk collisional belt,5ductile deformation sites and1brittile deformation site were analyzed to reveal its tectonic deformation and dynamic features. B style fold, crumple structure, A style fold, mineral stretching lineation and S-C fabric indicate a NW-SE shearing. This information reveal that maybe experienced one large collision or more steps collions with the same direction, the Mongolia-Okhotsk collisional belt finally was formed. The brittle deformation of Site mg6was analyzed and two paleo-stress field were restored: NW-SE compression stress field and E-W compression stress field. The NW-SE compression stress field maybe was the result of the distant effect of Yanshanian movement during the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The E-W compression stress field maybe was the result of the distant effect of the India-Asia collision during the early Cenozoic.
Based on the tectonic deformation analysis along the margin between North China Craton and Northeast China Terren, A large ductile shear zone which dominantly dip to north with a dip angle about30°to50°was confirmed. Lineations on the shear planes of the most part of this shear zone are mainly dip to the north. According to the shape of S-C fabric, rotational porphyroclast systems and micro structure of the deformed rocks, we can infer that this kind of lineations indicate a north to the south thrust shear. We can get the original rock age of the ductile shear zone by the SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating and MC-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating methods. The deformation age of this ductile shear zone can be gotten by the40Ar-39Ar dating of syntectonic minerals suck as muscovite, biotites and hornblendes. We found that this large ductile shear zone formed during the late middle Jurassic and early late Jurassic. The relationship between this shear zone and Dunmi fault was also be considered. According to some geologists the40Ar-39Ar syntectonic muscovite age of the Dunmi fault was161±3Ma which represents the age of the strong sinistral strike movement. This age is nearly the same with the forming age of the ductile shear zone along the margin between North China Craton and Northeast China Terren. This may mean at the same time with the formation of this shear zone, Dunmi fault cuted it. We think the dynamic setting to form this shear zone is related with East Asian multi-direction convergent event which happened during the middle to late Jurassic.
The NE striking Huandian Basion, situated on Dunmi Fault of the north branch of TanLu Fault in the northeast of China with more than25Km width and100km length, is a key region in deciphering the Late Mesozoic-Early Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the northeast China. Based on a field analysis of fault-slip data collected from different rock units, polyphase tectonic stress fields were documented and the changes in orientation of the principal stress were addressed, and finally a four-phase strss evolution of the basin was established during the Late Mesozoic-Early Cenozoic. The earliest one with N-S compression and E-W extension occurred in the Mid-Late Jurassic, caused by the combined effect of the plaleo-pacific plate and the Mongolia-Okhotsk Oceanic crust subducting under the Northeast China. The subsequent NW-SE extensional regime was responsible for the initial opening and sedimentary infill of the basin during the earliest Cretaceous,which occurred coevallywith the extensive Early Cretaceous magmatism, volcanism and extensional doming in Northest China. The tectonic regime then changed, in the late Early Cretaceous, to a compressional one with NW-SE compression and NE-SW extension, causing the inversion of this extensional basin. This compression affected the whole Northeast China, resulted in folding of the Late Cretaceous strata which underlies unconformably Early Cenozoic formation, reacting of pre-existing faults and uplifting of the pre-existing granite in the basin. This compressional phase seems to have lasted through the Early Paleogene and ended in the Late Paleogene by a compressional regime with NE-SW compression and NW-SE extension, as attested by the stratigraphic unconformity at the base of the Neogene in the Huadian Basin. The temporary evolution of these tectonic stress fields documented in the Huadian Basin provides a new insight into the influences of different plate tectonics exerting on the Northeast China over the Late Mesozoic to Early Cenozoic time. We infer that the Huadian Basin was influenced, inthe Middle Jurassic-Early Cretaceous, by the process of southward subduction of Mongolia-Okhotsk Oceanic crust and westward subduction of paleo-Pacific plate; and in the Late Cretaceous-Early Paleogene mainly by the subduction along the west pacific margin; and finally in the Late Paleogene by the far-field effects of India-Asia collision.
通过分析华北东北缘韧性剪切带各段变形特征,厘定了该韧性剪切带的基本形态和变形特征。即华北东北缘韧性剪切带总体为东西走向,面理往北倾30°到50°,线理亦向北倾伏。由韧性带内矿物旋转碎斑、S-C组构等反映剪切方向的标志,判断出该韧性剪切带为一由北往南的推覆型剪切带。通过对华北东北缘韧性剪切带原岩进行SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年和MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年以及对同变形期白云母、黑云母、角闪石进行40Ar-39Ar测年。确定了华北东北缘韧性剪切带的活动时间集中在中侏罗向晚侏罗过渡时期(161Ma-165Ma)。结合构造变形和年代学特征,分析了华北东北缘韧性剪切带与郯庐断裂带北延分支密山-敦化断裂之间的关系。结合前人通过40Ar-39Ar测年所获得的敦密断裂大型左行平移时间(161±3Ma),认为华北东北缘韧性剪切带的形成与错开是同时进行的。分析了华北东北缘韧性剪切带的动力学机制。认为中晚侏罗世的东亚多向汇聚事件是该韧性剪切带形成的动力来源。
反演了晚中生代-早新生代与桦甸盆地形成和演化相关的4期古构造应力场。最早的一期为S-N向挤压和E-W向引张,具体作用时间可能为晚侏罗,对应了燕山运动古太平洋和蒙古鄂霍次洋向东北地块俯冲的联合作用。紧接着的早白垩世NW-SE引张应力作用,对应了燕山运动强烈挤压后的构造引张,桦甸盆地地区受此区域引张作用,大量早白垩世纪火山岩喷出,并开始接受盆地的初始沉积。晚白垩世构造应力场转换为NW-SE挤压和NE-SW引张应力场,这期应力场在东北地块广泛存在,使得K2地层发生明显褶皱变形,并形成K1与E之间的角度不整合接触,同时也导致盆地早期断层再活化,发生逆冲运动,盆地内下伏花岗岩体亦因此抬升剥蚀而出露地表。古近纪的NE-SW挤压反映了对桦甸盆地的影响较弱,E地层受扰动较小,产状平缓。桦甸盆地古应力场的的演化特征对研究中生代晚期到新生代早期多板块对东北地块的构造影响具有重要意义。本文认为其中晚中生代应力作用主要受古太平洋板块和西伯利亚板块向东亚地区俯冲影响,而早新生代应力作用可能与印度板块与欧亚大陆碰撞的远程效应有关。
The tectonic deformation and evolution of the north and south margins of northest China are important which controlled the tectonic deformation of the inner part of the northeast China and they are also the important segments of the central Asia tectonic belt. We choosed3important areas to research these two margins:Mongolia-Okhotsk collisional belt, the margin between North China Craton and Northeast China Terren and the Huadian basin.
As the important part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, the Tectonic deformation and dynamic characteristics of the Mongolia-Okhotsk collisional belt have attracted much attention. Along the middle part of the Mongolia-Okhotsk collisional belt,5ductile deformation sites and1brittile deformation site were analyzed to reveal its tectonic deformation and dynamic features. B style fold, crumple structure, A style fold, mineral stretching lineation and S-C fabric indicate a NW-SE shearing. This information reveal that maybe experienced one large collision or more steps collions with the same direction, the Mongolia-Okhotsk collisional belt finally was formed. The brittle deformation of Site mg6was analyzed and two paleo-stress field were restored: NW-SE compression stress field and E-W compression stress field. The NW-SE compression stress field maybe was the result of the distant effect of Yanshanian movement during the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The E-W compression stress field maybe was the result of the distant effect of the India-Asia collision during the early Cenozoic.
Based on the tectonic deformation analysis along the margin between North China Craton and Northeast China Terren, A large ductile shear zone which dominantly dip to north with a dip angle about30°to50°was confirmed. Lineations on the shear planes of the most part of this shear zone are mainly dip to the north. According to the shape of S-C fabric, rotational porphyroclast systems and micro structure of the deformed rocks, we can infer that this kind of lineations indicate a north to the south thrust shear. We can get the original rock age of the ductile shear zone by the SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating and MC-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating methods. The deformation age of this ductile shear zone can be gotten by the40Ar-39Ar dating of syntectonic minerals suck as muscovite, biotites and hornblendes. We found that this large ductile shear zone formed during the late middle Jurassic and early late Jurassic. The relationship between this shear zone and Dunmi fault was also be considered. According to some geologists the40Ar-39Ar syntectonic muscovite age of the Dunmi fault was161±3Ma which represents the age of the strong sinistral strike movement. This age is nearly the same with the forming age of the ductile shear zone along the margin between North China Craton and Northeast China Terren. This may mean at the same time with the formation of this shear zone, Dunmi fault cuted it. We think the dynamic setting to form this shear zone is related with East Asian multi-direction convergent event which happened during the middle to late Jurassic.
The NE striking Huandian Basion, situated on Dunmi Fault of the north branch of TanLu Fault in the northeast of China with more than25Km width and100km length, is a key region in deciphering the Late Mesozoic-Early Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the northeast China. Based on a field analysis of fault-slip data collected from different rock units, polyphase tectonic stress fields were documented and the changes in orientation of the principal stress were addressed, and finally a four-phase strss evolution of the basin was established during the Late Mesozoic-Early Cenozoic. The earliest one with N-S compression and E-W extension occurred in the Mid-Late Jurassic, caused by the combined effect of the plaleo-pacific plate and the Mongolia-Okhotsk Oceanic crust subducting under the Northeast China. The subsequent NW-SE extensional regime was responsible for the initial opening and sedimentary infill of the basin during the earliest Cretaceous,which occurred coevallywith the extensive Early Cretaceous magmatism, volcanism and extensional doming in Northest China. The tectonic regime then changed, in the late Early Cretaceous, to a compressional one with NW-SE compression and NE-SW extension, causing the inversion of this extensional basin. This compression affected the whole Northeast China, resulted in folding of the Late Cretaceous strata which underlies unconformably Early Cenozoic formation, reacting of pre-existing faults and uplifting of the pre-existing granite in the basin. This compressional phase seems to have lasted through the Early Paleogene and ended in the Late Paleogene by a compressional regime with NE-SW compression and NW-SE extension, as attested by the stratigraphic unconformity at the base of the Neogene in the Huadian Basin. The temporary evolution of these tectonic stress fields documented in the Huadian Basin provides a new insight into the influences of different plate tectonics exerting on the Northeast China over the Late Mesozoic to Early Cenozoic time. We infer that the Huadian Basin was influenced, inthe Middle Jurassic-Early Cretaceous, by the process of southward subduction of Mongolia-Okhotsk Oceanic crust and westward subduction of paleo-Pacific plate; and in the Late Cretaceous-Early Paleogene mainly by the subduction along the west pacific margin; and finally in the Late Paleogene by the far-field effects of India-Asia collision.
引文
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