淫羊藿类及蛇类药材的鉴定和质量评价研究
|
摘要
目的：2010版药典收载的植物药材淫羊藿基源复杂,动物药材蛇类混伪品多,现行药典方法难以对其进行全面、有效、客观的质量评价。因此本文选取这两种药材分别作为药典植物类药材和动物类药材的代表进行多维化研究,为药典植物药和动物药的鉴定和质量评价模式提供参考,同时也为提高药典标准提供实验依据。
方法：本研究首先选取了含药典淫羊藿药材5种植物基源在内的18个品种120份淫羊藿类植物与药材样本和20个品种79份蛇类药材样本作为研究对象,从外观形状鉴别、分子生物学鉴定、化学鉴定及质量控制等方面进行质量评价研究。分别采用BLAST.遗传距离分析、系统发育树(NJ、MP和ML)树和‘'barcoding gap”检验4种方法对DNA条形码技术在药典淫羊藿类药材鉴定领域应用的可行性进行了详细的分析和探讨。采用RRLC-DAD-ESI-MSn釉UPLC-Q-TOF-HDMS法对淫羊藿属18个种的样本(含药典5种基源)进行化学成分分析。建立了18种113份淫羊藿类药材样本(含药典5种基源)的指纹图谱,结合化学计量学(相似度分析、聚类分析、PCA主成分分析)对其进行分析。同时结合5种主要黄酮类成分(朝藿定A、朝藿定B、朝藿定C、淫羊藿苷和宝藿苷I)的含量测定,对药典品种和非药典品种进行了质量评价的比较研究。并采用QAMS法对淫羊藿中的朝藿定A、朝藿定B、朝藿定C和宝藿苷I四种成分进行了含量测定。在国家药典品种乌梢蛇检品的PCR检验过程中发现存在鉴定方法的缺陷,为规避其出现的假阳性结果,采用BLAST、系统发育树(NJ)、遗传距离分析和“barcoding gap'检验4种方法对线粒体DNA条形码技术在药典中蛇类药材鉴定领域应用的可行性进行了详细的探讨。
结果：从ITS、psbA-trnH、rbcL、matK和rpoCl五个基因片段中筛选出鉴定成功率最高的条形码psbA-trnH基因片段。其中基于ITS、psbA-trnH釉matK序列的条形码能够实现朝鲜淫羊藿的完全鉴定。通过高分辨质谱得到化合物精确分子量、多级质谱串联提供的碎片离子信息,与标准品或文献比对后,共鉴定出23个化合物,包括22个黄酮苷类成分和1个生物碱类成分。化学实验表明,柔毛淫羊藿和心叶淫羊藿药材质量最好,其5种黄酮类成分含量黄酮类有效成分总和要高于朝鲜淫羊藿。朝鲜淫羊藿品质稳定,但是有效成分含量相对较低,药典达标率仅为5.88%,远低于其他药典淫羊藿。说明朝鲜淫羊藿品种稳定但质量欠佳。箭叶淫羊藿分布范围虽广,但质量参差不齐,特别是资源量较大的安徽省,其部分地区淫羊藿苷类成分含量低微。按照相似度值的高低对5个药典淫羊藿的野生产地进行排序比较,为选择优质种质作为人工栽培的种源提供依据。基于淫羊藿化学成分为基础建立的聚类分析和基于ITS、psbA-trnH和matK DNA序列的条形码聚类分析,均显示朝鲜淫羊藿可以实现完全聚类,易于其它药典品种的淫羊藿区分开。黄酮类含量测定结果和指纹图相似度评价显示朝鲜淫羊藿化学成分和含量稳定,相似度高,而其他淫羊藿品种内部差异分化较大,种间种内区分不明显。对一测多评法应用于药典淫羊藿样品的测定结果进行考察,药典淫羊藿样品不同种种间差异较大,其中巫山和箭叶淫羊藿部分样本由于内参物(淫羊藿苷)含量普遍过低,或不含有其他黄酮类成分,不适宜用QAMS法进行含量测定。建立了基于16S、Cytb和COI的药典蛇类药材(乌梢蛇、金钱白花蛇和蕲蛇)的线粒体DNA条形码检验平台。首次提出以16S基因片段作为药典蛇类药材检验的最佳DNA条形码候选序列,建议以此作为蛇类药材快速检验的首选序列。
结论：本文对淫羊藿和蛇类药材进行了多维化研究,为药典植物药和动物药的鉴定和质量评价模式提供参考,同时也为提高药典标准提供实验依据。
Goal:The Chinese Pharmacopoeia (ChP,2010version) includes Herba Epimedii that has various complex species, and snakes that has many counterfeits. It's quite challenging to conduct comprehensive, effective, and objective quality control of them. Therefore, these two Chinese Medicines are chosen as representatives from plants and animals representatively for multi-dimentional analysis, to provide reference for authentication and quality control of Chinese Medicine made from plants and animals included in the ChP, as well as to provide supplement for the improvement of the standards used in ChP.
Methodology:In this research,120samples were chosen from18species of Epimedii with5of them included in ChP; while79samples from20species of snakes were collected. The analysis of these samples included morphological characteristics authentication, molecular authentication, chemical authentication, and quality control, etc. The feasibility of applying DNA barcoding in the authentication of Herba Epimedii was further investigated with validation using BLAST, Kimura-2-parameter (K-2P) distances analysis, phylogenetic tree (NJ, MP, and ML), and "barcoding gap". The RRLC-DAD-ESI-MSn and UPLC-Q-TOF-HDMS methods were adopted to analyze the chemical composition of the samples from18species (5of them are included in ChP) of herba Epimedii. In combination with chemometrics analysis (similarity analysis, cluster analysis, and PCA for component analysis), the fingerprints of113samples of Herba Epimedii from18species were established and quantitative determination of five flavonoids (Epimedin A\B\C, Icariin, Baohuoside I) were used to evaluate the quality of Epimedium. In the meanwhile, QAMS method was adopted to measure the content of these five flavonoids (Epimedin A\B\C, Icariin, Baohuoside I). The quality of Epimedium included and excluded in the ChP was compared and evaluated. To avoid "false positive" that was found in the authentification of Zaocys using PCR which is recommended by ChP, the feasibility of applying mitochondrial DNA barcoding in the authentication of snakes was further investigated and validated using BLAST, Neighbor-Joining tree, K-2P distance, and "barcoding gap"
Results:Five DNA sequences, ITS, psbA-trnH, rbcL, matK and rpoCl, were used for analysis and it was found that psbA-trnH had the highest rate of success. The DNA barcodes using ITS, psbA-trnH amd matK sequence could all have fully accurate identification of Epimedium koreanum. High Definition Mass Spectrometry (HDMS) was used to obtain the precise molecular mass of the compounds and the characteristics of fragment ions provided by MSn. These two pieces of information were then compared with standard substances or literature to identify23compounds including22flavonoids and one alkaloid. The chemical experiment tests showed that Epimedium pubescens and Epimedium brevicornu had the best quality; their contens in total five flavonoids were higher compared with Epimedium koreanum. Epimedium koreanum had stable quality, but its content in effective flavonoids was much lower compared with other Epimedium included in ChP, with qualification rate of5.88%only according to the standards of ChP. This meant the Epimedium koreanum had lower quality though it had stable species. Epimedium sagittatum has a broad distribution, but its quality is not stable, especially in Anhui province where it has a big production; the content of Icariin of Epimedium sagittatum in other locations was much lower. The source places of five wild Epimedium included in ChP were ranked based on the high-low order of similarity, and this could provide reference for their cultivation in selecting high-quality species. The cluster analysis based on both chemical componets and DNA barcoding using ITS, psbA-trnH, matK sequences showed that Epimedium koreanum could have complete cluster, and could be distinguished from other Epimedium. According to chemical experiment test and similarity analysis using fingerprints, Epimedium koreanum was stable in chemical components and their contents; Epimedium koreanum had higher similarity, while other Epimedium had large intra-specicies variations, theirfore, the inter-and intraspecies differences were not obvious. The QAMS method in the measurement of Epimedium included in ChP was investigated. It was found that different Epimedium included in ChP had large variations; Epimedium wushanense and Epimedium sagittatum were not suitable for contens measurement using QAMS method, due to their low contents in Icariin or lack of other flavonoids components. The platform using mitochondrial DNA barcoding based on16S, Cytb, and COI was established for snakes (Zaocys dhumnades, Bungarus multicinctus, and Agkistrodon acutus) included in ChP, and it is the first that16S is recommended as the best candidate sequence in quick assessment of snake medicine using DNA barcoding technique.
Conclusion:This research had explored multi-dimensional analysis of Epimedium and snake medicine. The research findings could provide reference in the authentication and quality control mode for plant and snake medicine included in ChP, and could also provide experimental test reference in improving the standards used in ChP.
方法：本研究首先选取了含药典淫羊藿药材5种植物基源在内的18个品种120份淫羊藿类植物与药材样本和20个品种79份蛇类药材样本作为研究对象,从外观形状鉴别、分子生物学鉴定、化学鉴定及质量控制等方面进行质量评价研究。分别采用BLAST.遗传距离分析、系统发育树(NJ、MP和ML)树和‘'barcoding gap”检验4种方法对DNA条形码技术在药典淫羊藿类药材鉴定领域应用的可行性进行了详细的分析和探讨。采用RRLC-DAD-ESI-MSn釉UPLC-Q-TOF-HDMS法对淫羊藿属18个种的样本(含药典5种基源)进行化学成分分析。建立了18种113份淫羊藿类药材样本(含药典5种基源)的指纹图谱,结合化学计量学(相似度分析、聚类分析、PCA主成分分析)对其进行分析。同时结合5种主要黄酮类成分(朝藿定A、朝藿定B、朝藿定C、淫羊藿苷和宝藿苷I)的含量测定,对药典品种和非药典品种进行了质量评价的比较研究。并采用QAMS法对淫羊藿中的朝藿定A、朝藿定B、朝藿定C和宝藿苷I四种成分进行了含量测定。在国家药典品种乌梢蛇检品的PCR检验过程中发现存在鉴定方法的缺陷,为规避其出现的假阳性结果,采用BLAST、系统发育树(NJ)、遗传距离分析和“barcoding gap'检验4种方法对线粒体DNA条形码技术在药典中蛇类药材鉴定领域应用的可行性进行了详细的探讨。
结果：从ITS、psbA-trnH、rbcL、matK和rpoCl五个基因片段中筛选出鉴定成功率最高的条形码psbA-trnH基因片段。其中基于ITS、psbA-trnH釉matK序列的条形码能够实现朝鲜淫羊藿的完全鉴定。通过高分辨质谱得到化合物精确分子量、多级质谱串联提供的碎片离子信息,与标准品或文献比对后,共鉴定出23个化合物,包括22个黄酮苷类成分和1个生物碱类成分。化学实验表明,柔毛淫羊藿和心叶淫羊藿药材质量最好,其5种黄酮类成分含量黄酮类有效成分总和要高于朝鲜淫羊藿。朝鲜淫羊藿品质稳定,但是有效成分含量相对较低,药典达标率仅为5.88%,远低于其他药典淫羊藿。说明朝鲜淫羊藿品种稳定但质量欠佳。箭叶淫羊藿分布范围虽广,但质量参差不齐,特别是资源量较大的安徽省,其部分地区淫羊藿苷类成分含量低微。按照相似度值的高低对5个药典淫羊藿的野生产地进行排序比较,为选择优质种质作为人工栽培的种源提供依据。基于淫羊藿化学成分为基础建立的聚类分析和基于ITS、psbA-trnH和matK DNA序列的条形码聚类分析,均显示朝鲜淫羊藿可以实现完全聚类,易于其它药典品种的淫羊藿区分开。黄酮类含量测定结果和指纹图相似度评价显示朝鲜淫羊藿化学成分和含量稳定,相似度高,而其他淫羊藿品种内部差异分化较大,种间种内区分不明显。对一测多评法应用于药典淫羊藿样品的测定结果进行考察,药典淫羊藿样品不同种种间差异较大,其中巫山和箭叶淫羊藿部分样本由于内参物(淫羊藿苷)含量普遍过低,或不含有其他黄酮类成分,不适宜用QAMS法进行含量测定。建立了基于16S、Cytb和COI的药典蛇类药材(乌梢蛇、金钱白花蛇和蕲蛇)的线粒体DNA条形码检验平台。首次提出以16S基因片段作为药典蛇类药材检验的最佳DNA条形码候选序列,建议以此作为蛇类药材快速检验的首选序列。
结论：本文对淫羊藿和蛇类药材进行了多维化研究,为药典植物药和动物药的鉴定和质量评价模式提供参考,同时也为提高药典标准提供实验依据。
Goal:The Chinese Pharmacopoeia (ChP,2010version) includes Herba Epimedii that has various complex species, and snakes that has many counterfeits. It's quite challenging to conduct comprehensive, effective, and objective quality control of them. Therefore, these two Chinese Medicines are chosen as representatives from plants and animals representatively for multi-dimentional analysis, to provide reference for authentication and quality control of Chinese Medicine made from plants and animals included in the ChP, as well as to provide supplement for the improvement of the standards used in ChP.
Methodology:In this research,120samples were chosen from18species of Epimedii with5of them included in ChP; while79samples from20species of snakes were collected. The analysis of these samples included morphological characteristics authentication, molecular authentication, chemical authentication, and quality control, etc. The feasibility of applying DNA barcoding in the authentication of Herba Epimedii was further investigated with validation using BLAST, Kimura-2-parameter (K-2P) distances analysis, phylogenetic tree (NJ, MP, and ML), and "barcoding gap". The RRLC-DAD-ESI-MSn and UPLC-Q-TOF-HDMS methods were adopted to analyze the chemical composition of the samples from18species (5of them are included in ChP) of herba Epimedii. In combination with chemometrics analysis (similarity analysis, cluster analysis, and PCA for component analysis), the fingerprints of113samples of Herba Epimedii from18species were established and quantitative determination of five flavonoids (Epimedin A\B\C, Icariin, Baohuoside I) were used to evaluate the quality of Epimedium. In the meanwhile, QAMS method was adopted to measure the content of these five flavonoids (Epimedin A\B\C, Icariin, Baohuoside I). The quality of Epimedium included and excluded in the ChP was compared and evaluated. To avoid "false positive" that was found in the authentification of Zaocys using PCR which is recommended by ChP, the feasibility of applying mitochondrial DNA barcoding in the authentication of snakes was further investigated and validated using BLAST, Neighbor-Joining tree, K-2P distance, and "barcoding gap"
Results:Five DNA sequences, ITS, psbA-trnH, rbcL, matK and rpoCl, were used for analysis and it was found that psbA-trnH had the highest rate of success. The DNA barcodes using ITS, psbA-trnH amd matK sequence could all have fully accurate identification of Epimedium koreanum. High Definition Mass Spectrometry (HDMS) was used to obtain the precise molecular mass of the compounds and the characteristics of fragment ions provided by MSn. These two pieces of information were then compared with standard substances or literature to identify23compounds including22flavonoids and one alkaloid. The chemical experiment tests showed that Epimedium pubescens and Epimedium brevicornu had the best quality; their contens in total five flavonoids were higher compared with Epimedium koreanum. Epimedium koreanum had stable quality, but its content in effective flavonoids was much lower compared with other Epimedium included in ChP, with qualification rate of5.88%only according to the standards of ChP. This meant the Epimedium koreanum had lower quality though it had stable species. Epimedium sagittatum has a broad distribution, but its quality is not stable, especially in Anhui province where it has a big production; the content of Icariin of Epimedium sagittatum in other locations was much lower. The source places of five wild Epimedium included in ChP were ranked based on the high-low order of similarity, and this could provide reference for their cultivation in selecting high-quality species. The cluster analysis based on both chemical componets and DNA barcoding using ITS, psbA-trnH, matK sequences showed that Epimedium koreanum could have complete cluster, and could be distinguished from other Epimedium. According to chemical experiment test and similarity analysis using fingerprints, Epimedium koreanum was stable in chemical components and their contents; Epimedium koreanum had higher similarity, while other Epimedium had large intra-specicies variations, theirfore, the inter-and intraspecies differences were not obvious. The QAMS method in the measurement of Epimedium included in ChP was investigated. It was found that different Epimedium included in ChP had large variations; Epimedium wushanense and Epimedium sagittatum were not suitable for contens measurement using QAMS method, due to their low contents in Icariin or lack of other flavonoids components. The platform using mitochondrial DNA barcoding based on16S, Cytb, and COI was established for snakes (Zaocys dhumnades, Bungarus multicinctus, and Agkistrodon acutus) included in ChP, and it is the first that16S is recommended as the best candidate sequence in quick assessment of snake medicine using DNA barcoding technique.
Conclusion:This research had explored multi-dimensional analysis of Epimedium and snake medicine. The research findings could provide reference in the authentication and quality control mode for plant and snake medicine included in ChP, and could also provide experimental test reference in improving the standards used in ChP.
引文
[1]宋立人,等.现代中药学大辞典[M].北京：人民卫生出版社.2001年第一版
[2]梁海锐,李家实,阎文玫,等.中药淫羊藿的商品调查和本草考证[J].中药通报.1988,12：7-10
[3]吴瑕,李东晓,邓文龙.淫羊藿对生殖及内分泌系统的药理学研究进展[J].中国实验方剂学杂志.2010,8：223-227
[4]张建,刘涛,覃新程,等.淫羊藿次苷II对大鼠阴茎海绵体压力、平均动脉血压的影响及其作用机制的研究[J].中国男科学杂志.2010,1：13-18
[5]付杰,乔梁,金泰乙,等.淫羊藿苷对家兔阴茎海绵体cGMP浓度的效果[J].中国药理学通报.2002,18(4)：430
[6]Ning H, Xin Z C, Lin G,et al.Effects of icariin on phosphodiesterase-5 activity in vitro and cyclic guanosine monophosphate level in cavernous smooth muscle cells[J]. Urology.2006, 68(6):1350-1354
[7]Shindel A W,Xin Z C,Lin G,et al.Erectogenic and neurotrophic effects of icariin, a purified extract of horny goat weed (Epimedium spp.) in vitro and in vivo[J].The journal of sexual medicine.2010,7:1518-1528
[8]张长城,贾亮亮,李守超,等.淫羊藿总黄酮对环磷酰胺致小鼠生精障碍保护作用的研究[J].中成药.2010,12：2052-2055
[9]章振保,杨庆涛,杨镜秋,等.淫羊藿甙、菟丝子提取物对雄激素部分缺乏大鼠生殖保护作用的比较研究[J].中国老年学杂志.2006,10：1389-1391
[10]章振保,杨庆涛.淫羊藿甙抗大鼠雄激素部分缺乏的实验研究[J].中国男科学杂志.2006,03：47-50
[11]覃光辉,王骁,姚重华,等.淫羊藿苷对雷公藤多苷模型小鼠睾丸病理损伤的影响[J].中医药导报.2009,7：8-10
[12]杨春,辛钟成,付杰,等.淫羊藿苷对兔阴蒂海绵体平滑肌细胞NO及NOS活性的影响[J].中国男科学杂志.2005,19(1)：6
[13]乔梁,辛钟成,付杰,等.阴蒂海绵体中磷酸二酯酶5表达及淫羊藿苷对cGMP浓度的影响[J].中华泌尿外科杂志.2002,23(11)：670
[14]Chen K M, Ma H P, Ge B F, et al.Icariin enhances the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells but has no effects on the differentiation of newborn calvarial osteoblasts of rats[J].Die Pharmazie-An International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences.2007,62(10): 785-789
[15]张大威,程岩,张金超,等.淫羊藿苷对破骨细胞的分化及骨吸收功能的影响[J].中国药理学通报.2007,4：463-467
[16]Gao S, Liu H,Li K, et al.Effect of Epimedium pubescen flavonoid on bone mineral density and biomechanical properties of femoral distal end and femoral diaphysis of passively smoking male rats[J].Journal of Orthopaedic Science.2012,17(3):281-288
[17]王大伟,邓秀兰,牛建昭,等.采用MCF7和T47D乳腺癌细胞模型对淫羊藿苷雌激素样作用的实验研究[J].北京中医药.2009,02：136-138
[18]朱瑞清,李志忠,周建,等.淫羊藿苷及其拟代谢物的雌激素样作用研究[J].中医药学报.2012,3：15-20
[19]王大伟,邓秀兰,牛建昭,等.淫羊藿及淫羊藿苷在小鼠体内雌激素样作用的实验研究[J].北京中医药大学学报.2009,3：164-166
[20]许碧连,吴铁,崔燎,等.复方淫羊藿对去卵巢大鼠腰椎松质骨的影响[J].中国老年学杂志.2006,2：232-234
[21]Yang L, Lu D, Guo J, et al.Icariin from Epimedium brevicornum Maxim promotes the biosynthesis of estrogen by aromatase (CYP19)[J] Journal of ethnopharmacology.2013,145(3): 715-721
[22]Zhang W P, Bai X J, Zheng X P, et al.Icariin attenuates the enhanced prothrombotic state in atherosclerotic rabbits independently of its lipid-lowering effects [J]. Planta medica. 2013,79(9):731-736
[23]王东芝,李东万,张守刚.淫羊藿在心血管疾病方面的研究进展[J].浙江中医药大学学报.2013,1：107-110
[24]包宇,杨建雄,孙润广.淫羊藿苷与淫羊藿次苷II的体外抗氧化作用[J].吉林大学学报(医学版).2012,3：423-428
[25]谢娟平,谢人明,王小微.巫山淫羊藿主要成分朝藿定C和双藿苷A抗炎作用研究[J].中国现代应用药学.2012,3：198-201
[26]邹萍.淫羊藿免疫药理学研究进展[J].中国中医药科技.2010,3：279-280
[27]毛海婷,张玲,王芸,等.淫羊藿甙抗癌作用机制的实验研究[J].中药材.2000,9：554-556
[27]朱燕辉,黄丽霞,石崇军.淫羊藿苷对肝癌细胞株SMMC-7721增殖与凋亡的影响[J].中国普通外科杂志.2012,8：968-972
[29]张玲,王芸,毛海婷,等.淫羊藿甙抑制肿瘤细胞端粒酶活性及其调节机制的研究[J].中国免疫学杂志.2002,3：191-194
[30]Tong J S,Zhang Q H,Huang X,et al.Icaritin causes sustained ERK1/2 activation and induces apoptosis in human endometrial cancer cells[J].PLoS One.2011,6(3):e16781
[31]闵红波,王建文,孙继虎,等.淫羊藿甙诱导视网膜母细胞瘤细胞凋亡及对Bcl-2的影响[J].中国中西医结合杂志.2003,S1：147-149
[32]朱剑锋,赵娜,孟坤,等.淫羊藿提取物IC163对K562白血病细胞增殖抑制和凋亡诱导效应观察[J].临床血液学杂志.2009,5：485-487
[33]毛海婷,张玲,王芸,等.淫羊藿苷及济南假单胞菌制剂联合应用体外抗转移的研究[J].中国药理学通报.2000,5：534-537
[34]毛海婷,张玲,王芸,等.淫羊藿甙和济南假单胞菌制剂调控PG细胞转移相关基因的表达[J].肿瘤.2000,01：13-15
[35]张京伟,周云峰,文显梅,等.淫羊藿甙逆转胃癌细胞恶性表型的研究[J].中华实验外科杂 志.2006,10：1213-1214
[36]唐菁,张玲,顾洪涛,等.淫羊藿苷、黄芩苷联合多柔比星抑制肝癌细胞APRIL表达和逆转肿瘤免疫逃逸[J].中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志.2007,6：516-521
[37]朱剑锋,吴正东,孟坤,等.淫羊藿提取物IC163对K562细胞的诱导分化作用观察[J].临床血液学杂志.2011,3：300-302
[38]中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员.会中国植物志[D]2001
[39]郭宝林,肖培根.中药淫羊藿主要种类评述[J].中国中药杂志.2003,4：18-22
[40]雷光华,刘文和,李康华,等.淫羊藿黄酮对被动吸烟大鼠骨量与骨形态学的影响及其相关性研究[J].中国骨质疏松杂志.2008,14(1)：8-121
[41]李波,安睿,王新宏.淫羊藿苷和补肾复方对肾阳虚大鼠下丘脑CRH基因和垂体POMC基因表达的影响[J].中成药.2008,30(1)：132-1341
[42]袁航,曹树萍,陈抒云,等.淫羊藿的化学成分及质量控制研究进展[J].中草药(已接收)
[43]刘春明,刘志强,窦建鹏,等.朝鲜淫羊藿中生物碱类新成分的分离提取及结构鉴定[J].高等学校化学学报.2003,12：2215-2217
[44]高敏,刘京晶,孙欣光,等.中药淫羊藿主要资源种类木兰花碱含量的研究[J].中国中药杂志.2011,36：16-18
[45]高敏,付长珍,刘京晶,等.淫羊藿属木兰花碱分布规律及含量影响因素研究[J].中国中药杂志.2011,36(18)：2475-2478
[46]Wang G J, Tsai T H, Lin L C. Prenylflavonol, acylated flavonol glycosides and related compounds from Epimedium sagittatum[J]. Phytochemistry.2007,68:2455-2464
[47]江芳,王新峦,王乃利,等.朝鲜淫羊藿中的木脂素类化合物及其对大鼠骨肉瘤细胞UMR106增殖及分化的影响[J].中草药.2008,39：1281-1285
[48]杨云,张寒娟,朱振华,等.心叶淫羊藿化学成分研究[J].中药材.2009,7：1051-1053
[49]郑训海,孔令义.朝鲜淫羊藿化学成分研究[J].中草药.2002,11：7-10
[50]贾宪生,吴家其,茅青.黔岭淫羊藿化学成分的研究Ⅳ[J].中国药学杂志.1999,34：442-444
[51]张树军,郭洪利,赵树军,等.心叶淫羊藿化学成分研究(II)[J].中草药.2008,3：325-327
[52]程岩,王新峦,张大威,等.朝鲜淫羊藿中的非黄酮类化合物[J].中草药.2007,8：1135-1138
[53]王丹红,陈玉婷,李飞,等.巫山淫羊藿叶中挥发油成分的气相色谱-质谱分析[J].时珍国
医国药.2007,12:3022-3023
[54]施启红,吕磊,李玲,等.运用GC-MS技术对2种淫羊藿挥发性成分的比较分析[J].药学
实践杂志.2011,6：445-448
[55]回瑞华,侯冬岩,李铁纯,等.萃取淫羊藿挥发油的实验与分析[J].分析试验室
2005,10：63-66
[56]杨晓华,张华峰,王瑛.淫羊藿多糖的功能、提取与开发前景[J].中国食品添加剂.
2008,S1：184-187
[57]李德耀.淫羊藿多糖的分离纯化结构分析和免疫活性研究[D].河南：郑州大学.2005
[58]饶金华,刘文英,江佳峪.柱前衍生化高效液相色谱法分析淫羊藿多糖中单糖的组成[J]. 时珍国医国药.2007,2：366-367
[59]安晓娟,冯琳,宋红平,等.淫羊藿多糖的分离纯化及结构初步分析[J].生物学杂志.2012,3：39-41
[60]罗莉,李燕,杨瑞武,等.四川不同产地淫羊藿中无机元素的分析测定[J].药物分析杂志.2011,6：1045-1049
[61]刘春明,李丽,刘志强,等.炮制前后朝鲜淫羊藿化学成分的变化规律研究[J].分析测试学报.2004,1：67-69
[62]李定芬,高言明,李健,等.巫山淫羊藿炮制前后几种微量元素含量变化研究[J].微量元素与健康研究.2011,3：35-36
[63]黄蘅.淫羊藿的显微鉴别研究现状[J].中国中医药现代远程教育.2010,18：250-251.
[64]粱海锐,阎文玫.国产淫羊藿属叶表面特征的研究[J].西北植物学报.1992,12(2)：142-148
[65]舒抒,陈俊华,钟国跃.五种淫羊藿粉末的显微鉴别[J].中药材.2003,11：781-783
[66]石进校,覃成.不同居群箭叶淫羊藿叶片解剖结构研究[J].生命科学研究.2005,9(4)：125
[67]郭宝林,肖培根,何顺志.淫羊藿属花粉的外壁纹饰及其分类学意义[J].云南植物研究.1998,20(2)：220-224
[68]粱海锐,阁文玫,李家实,等.巫山淫羊藿的生药学研究[J].西北药学杂志.1989,4(1)：17-20.
[69]粱海锐,阎文玫,李家实.淫羊藿属植物毛茸的研究[J].北京中医学院学报1990,13(2)：42-47
[70]李炳生,中药材的非腺毛特征鉴定[J].时珍国医国药.2001,12(5)：395
[71]何顺志,郭宝林,王晓春.箭叶淫羊藿及近缘种的分类研究[J].贵州科学.2003,21(12)：103-106
[72]王悦云,何顺志,郭宝林.中国淫羊藿属小花类群非腺毛形态[J].云南植物研究.2008,30(4)：423-429
[73]高敏,冯学峰,郭宝林,等.淫羊藿药典品种显微鉴别研究[J].中国中药杂志.2009,34(23)：3123-3125
[74]Nakai R, Shoyam a Y, Shiraishi S. Genetic characterization of Epimedium species using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) diagnosis[J]. Biol Pharm Bull.1996,19:671
[75]李明军,杜明凤,陈庆富.淫羊藿属植物的RAPD遗传多样性研究[J].种子.2011,06：45-49
[76]任磷.利用AFLP技术研究淫羊藿属(Epimedium L.) 种间分类与系统进化关系[D].北京林业大学.2008
[77]De Smet, Yannick, et al. Additional evidence for recent divergence of Chinese Epimedium (Berberidaceae) derived from AFLP, chloroplast and nuclear data supplemented with characterisation of leaflet pubescence. Plant Ecology and Evolution.2012,73-87
[78]杜明凤,李明军,陈庆富.淫羊藿属植物PCR-RFLP遗传多样性研究[J].中草药.2012,3：562-567
[79]Zeng, Shaohua, et al. Development of a EST dataset and characterization of EST-SSRs in atraditional Chinese medicinal plant, Epimedium sagittatum (Sieb. Et Zucc.) Maxim.[J]. BMC genomics.2010,94
[80]Zhou, Jianfeng, et al. Identification of microsatellite loci from Epimedium koreanum and cross-species amplification in four species of Epimedium (Berberidaceae).[J].Molecular ecology notes.2007,467-470
[81]Xu, Yanqin, Zuozhou Li, and Ying Wang. Fourteen microsatellite loci for the Chinese medicinal plant Epimedium sagittatum and cross-species application in other medicinal species. [J].Molecular ecology resources.2008,640-642
[82]Xu, Yanqin, et al. Development of 12 novel microsatellite loci in a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, Epimedium brevicornum and cross-amplification in other related taxa. [J].Conservation genetics.2008,949-952
[83]Wei, Wenliang, et al. Characterization of the sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) global transcriptome using Illumina paired-end sequencing and development of EST-SSR markers.[J].BMC genomics.2011,451
[84]Sun, Ye, et al. A phylogenetic analysis of Epimediumi (Berberidaceae) based on nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences. [J].Molecular phylogenetics and evolution.2005,287-291
[85]Sun, Ye, et al. Characterization of medicinal Epimedium species by 5S rRNA gene spacer sequencing.[J].Planta medica.2004,287-288
[86]Sun, Y. Molecular Authentication of Epimedium Species and the Anti-osteoporosis Effect of Herba Epimedii[D]. PhD Dissertation, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.2004
[87]Zhang, Ming-Li, Christian H. Uhink, and Joachim W. Kadereit. Phylogeny and biogeography of Epimedium/Vancouveria (Berberidaceae):Western North American-East Asian disjunctions, the origin of European mountain plant taxa, and East Asian species diversity. [J].Systematic botany.2007,81-92
[88]Jiang, Yu, et al. Identification of the genus Epimedium with DNA barcodes.Journal of Medicinal Plants Research.2011,6413-6417
[89]郭宝林,王川易,肖培根.中药淫羊藿的DNA分子鉴定研究[C].第九届全国药用植物及植物药学术研讨会论文集.海南：海口.2010
[90]裴利宽,郭宝林.近10年淫羊藿药材及饮片研究进展[J].中国中药杂志.2007,6：466-471
[91]徐艳琴,陈建军,葛菲,刘小丽,王瑛.淫羊藿药材质量评价研究现状与思考[J].中草.2010,4：661-666
[92]陈肖家,张庆文,季晖,等.紫外分光光度法和高效液相色谱法测定淫羊藿总黄酮含量的比较研究[J].药物分析杂志.2007,5：625-630
[93]陈肖家,李绍平,王一涛,等HPLC、UPLC、CZE测定淫羊藿中黄酮类成分含量的比较研究[J].中国药学杂志.2008,8：624-628
[94]韩笋,谢媛媛,王义明,等.淫羊藿属主要资源种类的化学品质比较研究[J].药学学报.2012,4：502-507
[95]Pei L K, Sun S Q, Guo B L, et al.Fast quality control of Herba Epimedii by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy[J].SPECTROCHIM ACTA A.2008,70(2):258-264
[96]包永睿,孟宪生,曹爱民,等.淫羊藿药材的指纹图谱[J].辽宁中医药大学学报.2009,5：163-165
[97]黄朝瑜,赵陆华,梅玲华,等.淫羊藿药材HPLC指纹图谱的研究[J].中国天然药物.2003,3：19-22
[98]宋剑,李知遥,贾继明,等.不同品种淫羊藿药材的指纹图谱研究[J].现代中药研究与实践.2010,5：16-18
[99]裴利宽,郭宝林,黄文华.淫羊藿属主要资源种类的HPLC指纹图谱特征和种类鉴定[J].中国中药杂志.2008,14：1662-1668
[100]郭宝林,裴利宽,肖培根.淫羊藿属植物黄酮类化合物的分类学意义再探[J].植物分类学报.2008,6：874-885
[101]张萍,孔维军,鄢丹,王晶彬,等.基于淫羊藿苷测定及HPLC指纹图谱分析的淫羊藿药材质量差异评价[J].中草药.2010,11：1901-1904
[102]易中宏,郑一敏,傅善全,等.巫山淫羊藿不同部位的高效液相色谱指纹图谱测定[J].时珍国医国药.2005,5：377-378
[103]李颖.淫羊藿HPLC指纹图谱的建立与产地、部位成分差异性研究[J].辽宁中医药大学学报.2012,02：177-178
[104]王丽霞,王超展,耿信笃.淫羊藿属药材反相高效液相色谱指纹图谱及质量评估研究[J].化学学报.2006,06：551-555
[105]窦建鹏,宋凤瑞,刘志强,等.朝鲜淫羊藿的色谱指纹图谱及液相色谱／电喷雾串联质谱分析[J].化学学报.2009,22：2613-2618
[106]朱粉霞,赵永刚,贾晓斌,等.淫羊藿炮制前后(?)JPLC-PDA-MS的指纹图谱研究[J].化学学报.2012,5：635-642
[107]谭鹏,于向红,杨蕾,等.巫山淫羊藿饮片炮制前后HPLC指纹图谱研究[J].药物分析杂志.2012,04：592-595
[108]王彬,黄河舟,朱臻宇,等.淫羊藿药材HPLC指纹图谱的勾兑研究[J].药学实践杂志.2008,06：432-434
[109]张光明,刘宗.乌梢蛇与同科三种杂蛇的鉴别[J].江苏医学与临床研究.2001,9(3)：25-26
[110]窦忠健,郭焕.乌梢蛇及其伪品王锦蛇的鉴别研究[J].新疆中医药.2005,23(1)：40
[111]谢光宇.乌梢蛇及几种混伪品的鉴别[J].海峡药学.2005,17(3)：99-100
[112]张付轩,马艳平,陈朝峰,等.金钱白花蛇的真伪鉴别[J].中国中医药现代远程教育.2009,12：106
[113]陈志清.蕲蛇的真伪鉴别和鉴别要点[J].中国民族民间医药.2012,16：50-52
[114]王春根,张永萍,吴德康.9种药用蛇背鳞的显微研究[J].中药通报.1987,12(9)：520-523
[115]胡新.乌梢蛇及其伪品黑眉锦蛇王锦蛇和白环蛇背鳞的显微鉴定[J].时珍国医国药.1998,9(4)：333-334
[116]杨小平,屈菊兰,林劲松.中药乌梢蛇的光镜及扫描电镜鉴别研究[J].中草药.1999,30(8)：613-615
[117]徐雅娟,高士贤.蕲蛇等6种蛇类药材的粉末显微及鳞片表面电镜扫描鉴别[J].中国药学杂志.1992,27(2)：78-79
[118]孙方人,何子安.广东眼镜蛇蛇胆的鉴别和质量控制的研究III.眼镜蛇蛇胆的薄层分析[J].蛇志.1995,7(2)：19-20
[119]熊学敏,康明,曹珏.纯蛇粉胶囊中乌梢蛇的薄层层析鉴别[J].蛇志.1998,10(4)：5-6
[120]赵文静,王栋,徐国旭,等.虎斑游蛇的薄层层析定性鉴别[J].中药医学报.2000,5：46
[121]肖寄平,黄青,陈人萍,等.乌梢蛇及其常见伪品的鉴别研究[J].吉林中医药.2009,29(10)：884-885
[122]戴莉香,周小江,李雪松,等.乌梢蛇的化学成分研究[J].西北药学杂志.2011,26(3)：162-163
[123]赵文静,李辉,陈国友,等.虎斑游蛇的氨基酸含量测定及与乌梢蛇的比较分析[J].中医药学报.2002,30(3)：36
[124]王成芳,包永睿,孟宪生,等. 蕲蛇药材高效毛细管电泳指纹图谱的研究[J].辽宁中医杂志.2010,37(5)：893-894
[125]刘训红,王春根,王夏阳,等.七种蛇类药材的理化鉴别研究[J].中国中药杂志.1991,16(7)：395-397
[126]李钦,张保国.乌梢蛇与其混淆品白条锦蛇的鉴别[J].中国药学杂志.2003.38(1)：16-19
[127]王新春,李钦,韩紫岩,等.乌梢蛇与其混淆品赤链蛇的鉴别[J].中国现代应用药学杂志.2001,18(4)：284-287
[128]刘明洁,图雅.乌梢蛇及其伪品王锦蛇蛋白电泳鉴别[J].中药研究与信息.2002,4(11)：60.
[129]聂刘旺,郭超文,吴孝兵.游蛇科五种蛇四种组织L D H同工酶凝胶电泳的分析[J].动物学研究.1995,16(1)：31-36
[130]沈曦,周开亚,王义权.中国蝮属蛇类的RAPD分析[J].动物学报.1999,45(1)：40-48.
[131]顾少菊,唐上明,孔天翰.变异银环蛇的蛇毒及DNA分析研究[J].现代临床医学生物工程学杂志.2005,11(6)：484-486
[132]王义权,周开亚,秦树臻.用RAPD标记检测六种蛇基因组DNA多态性[J].动物学报.1996,42(2)：172-181
[133]王义权,周开亚.游蛇科10种的随机扩增多态DNA研究[J].应用与环境生物学报.1996,2(3)：273-279
[134]唐晓晶,冯成强,黄璐琦,等.蕲蛇及其混淆品高特异性PCR鉴别[J].药物分析杂志.2006,26(2)：152-155
[135]冯成强,唐晓晶,黄璐琦,等.金钱白花蛇及其混淆品高特异性PCR的鉴别[J].中国中药杂志.2006,31(13)：1050-1053
[136]赵静雪,崔光红,辛敏通,等.金钱白花蛇快速PCR鉴别方法的建立[J].药学学报. 2010,45(10)：1327-1332
[137]唐晓晶,冯成强,黄璐琦,等.高特异性PCR方法鉴别乌梢蛇及其混淆品[J].中国药学杂志.2007,42(5)：333-336
[138]陈念,赖小平.眼镜王蛇线粒体基因组全序列分析[J].遗传.2010,32(7)：719-725
[139]陈念,赵树进,韩丽萍.银环蛇线粒体基因组全序列分析[J].中国生物化学与分子生物学报.2008,24(12)：1177-1182
[140]Heise, Philip J., et al. Higher-level snake phylogeny inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences of 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes[J].Molecular Biology and Evolution.1995,259-265
[141]Vidal, Nicolas, et al. Phylogenetic relationships of xenodontine snakes inferred from 12S and 16S ribosomal RNA sequences[J].Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.2000,389-402
[142]Keogh, J. Scott, Richard Shine, and Steve Donnellan. Phylogenetic Relationships of Terrestrial Australo-Papuan Elapid Snakes (Subfamily Hydrophiinae) Based on Cytochrome and 16S rRNA Sequences[J]. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution.1998,67-81
[143]Slowinski, Joseph B., and J. Scott Keogh. Phylogenetic Relationships of Elapid Snakes Based on Cytochrome mtDNA Sequences[J].Molecular phylogenetics and evolution.2000,157-164
[144]de Queiroz, Alan, Robin Lawson, and Julio A. Lemos-Espinal. Phylogenetic Relationships of North American Garter Snakes ThamnophisBased on Four Mitochondrial Genes:How Much DNA Sequence Is Enough[J]. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.2002,315-329
[145]Kelly, Christopher MR, Nigel P. Barker, and Martin H. Villet. Phylogenetics of advanced snakes (Caenophidia) based on four mitochondrial genes [J]. Systematic Biology.2003,439-459
[146]Wong, Ka-Lok, et al. Application of cytochrome b DNA sequences for the authentication of endangered snake species[J].Forensic science international.2004,49-55
[147]Powell, Randy L., Steven R. Reyes, and Dominic I. Lannutti. Molecular barcoding, DNA from snake venom, and toxinological research:Considerations and concerns[J].Toxicon.2006, 1095-1097
[148]Vidal, Nicolas, and S. Blair Hedges. Higher-level relationships of caenophidian snakes inferred from four nuclear and mitochondrial genes[J].Comptes rendus biologies.2002,987-995
[149]Kumazawa, Yoshinori. Mitochondrial DNA sequences of five squamates:phylogenetic affiliation of snakes[J].DNA research.2004,137-144
[150]Dong, Songyu, and Yoshinori Kumazawa. Complete mitochondrial DNA sequences of six snakes:phylogenetic relationships and molecular evolution of genomic features [J]. Journal of molecular evolution.2005,12-22
[151]Friedman M, DeSalle R. Mitochondrial DNA extraction and sequencing of formalin-fixed archival snake tissue:Short Communication[J]. Mitochondrial DNA.2008,19(5):433-437
[152]Vidal, Nicolas, et al. The phylogeny and classification of caenophidian snakes inferred from seven nuclear protein-coding genes[J].Comptes rendus biologies.2007,182-187
[153]Pyron, R. Alexander, et al. The phylogeny of advanced snakes (Colubroidea), with discovery of a new subfamily and comparison of support methods for likelihood trees[J].Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.2011,329-342
[154]Lane, Amanda, and Richard Shine. Phylogenetic relationships within laticaudine sea snakes (Elapidae)[J].Molecular phylogenetics and evolution.2011,567-577
[155]Dubey, Bhawna, P. R. Meganathan, and Ikramul Haque. DNA mini-barcoding:an approach for forensic identification of some endangered Indian snake species[J].Forensic Science International:Genetics.2011,181-184
[156]Jeong, Tae Jin, et al. DNA barcode reference data for the Korean herpetofauna and their applications[J].Molecular ecology resources.2013,1019-1032
[157]王义权,周开亚,徐珞珊,等.金钱白花蛇及其伪品的Cyt b基因片段序列分析和PCR鉴别研究[J].药学学报.1998,12：62-68
[158]王义权,周开亚,徐珞珊,等.中药材乌梢蛇及其混淆品的DNA序列分析鉴别[J].药学学报.1999,34(1)：67-71
[159]宋文成,宋社吾,刘道芳,等.蕲蛇药材及其市售混淆品的Cytb基因序列与分析[J].中草药.2006,12：1862-1865
[160]邓立彬,汤晓丽,邵建明,等.江西7种蛇类基于16SrRNA基因的DNA条形码构建[J].南昌大学学报(理科版).2011,1：95-102
[161]崔丽娜,杜鹤,张辉,等.基于COI条形码序列的金钱白花蛇及其混伪品的DNA分子鉴定[J].世界科学技术(中医药现代化).2011,2：424-428
[162]张辉,姚辉,崔丽娜,等.基于COI条形码序列的《中国药典》动物药材鉴定研究[J].世界科学技术-中医药现代化.2013,3：371-380
[164]晁志,廖婧,梁镇标,等.金钱白花蛇及其混伪品的DNA条形码鉴定(英文)[A].中国药学会.第十一届全国青年药学工作者最新科研成果交流会论文集[C].中国药学会.2012,11
[165]Kress WJ, Erickson DL, Jones FA, et al. Plant DNA barcodes and a community phylogeny of a tropical forest dynamics plot in Panama[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.2009,106:18621-18626
[166]Burgess K S, Fazekas A J, Kesanakurti P R, et al. Discriminating plant species in a local temperate flora using the rbcL+matK DNA barcode[J]. Methods in Ecology and Evolution. 2011,2(4):333-340.
[167]Wong EHK and Hanner RH. DNA barcoding detects market substitution in North American seafood[J]. Food Res Int.2008,41:828-37
[168]Squirrell J, Hollingsworth PM, Bateman RM, et al. Partitioning and diversity of nuclear and organelle markers in native and introduced populations of Epipactis helleborine (Orchidaceae)[J]. American Journal of Botany.2001,1409-1418
[169]Fazekas AJ, Burgess KS, Kesanakurti PR, et al. Multiple multilocus DNA barcodes from the plastid genome discriminate plant species equally well[J].PLoS One.2008,3:e2802
[170]Fazekas AJ, Kesanakurti PR, Burges KS, et al. Are plant species inherently harder to discriminate than animal species using DNA barcoding markers[J].Mol Ecol Resour, 2009,9:130-139
[171]Elias M, Hill RI, Willmott KR, et al. Limited performance of DNA barcoding in a diverse community of tropical butterflies[J].Proc Biol Sci.2007,274:2881-2889
[172]Austerlitz F, David O, Schaeffer B, et al. DNA barcode analysis:a comparison of phylogenetic and statistical classification methods[J].BMC Bioinformatics.2009,10:S10
[173]Kerr K C R, Birks S M, Kalyakin M V, et al. Filling the gap-COI barcode resolution in eastern Palearctic birds[J]. Frontiers in Zoology.2009,6(1):29-42
[174]Casiraghim M, Labra M, Ferri E, Galimberti A, et al. DNA barcoding:a six-question tour to improve user's awareness about the method[J]. Briefings in Bioinfomatics.2010,2(4):440-453
[175]Altschul S F, Gish W, Miller W, et al. Basic local alignment search tool[J]. Journal of molecular biology.1990,215(3):403-410
[176]Kent WJ. BLAT- The BLAST-like alignment tool[J].Genome Res.2002,12:656-64
[177]Chun, Jongsik, et al. EzTaxon:a web-based tool for the identification of prokaryotes based on 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences [J]. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology.2007,2259-2261
[178]Little DP, Stevenson DWm. A comparison of algorithms for the identification of specimens using DNA barcodes:examples from gymnosperms[J]. Cladistics.2009,23:1-21
[179]Steinke D., Vences M., Salzburger W., et al.Taxi:A software tool for DNA barcoding using distance methods[J]. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci.2005,360:1975-1980
[180]Meier R, Kwong S, Vaidya G, et al.DNA barcoding and taxonomy in Diptera:a tale of high intraspecific variability and low identification success[J].2006. Syst Biol,55:715-28
[181]Ferri E, Barbuto M, Bain O, et al. Integrated taxonomy:traditional approach and DNA barcoding for the identification of filarioid worms and related parasites (Nematoda)[J]. Front Zool.2009,6(1):1111-1119
[182]Ratnasingham S, Hebert PDN. BOLD:The Barcode of Life Datasystem (www. barcodinglife.org)[E]. Mol Ecol Notes.2007,7:355-364
[183]Lefe'bure T, Douady CJ, Gouy M, et al. Relationship between morphological taxonomy and molecular divergence within Crustacea:proposal of a molecular threshold to help species delimitation[J]. Mol Phylogenet Evo.2006,40:435-47
[184]Elias M, Hill RI, Willmott KR, et al. Limited performance of DNA barcoding in a community of tropical butterflies[J].Proc Biol Sci.2007,274:2881-9
[185]Little DP, Stevenson DWm. A comparison of algorithms forthe identification of specimens using DNA barcodes:examples from gymnosperms[J]. Cladistics.2007,23:1-21 [186]Yang Z. PAML 4:phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood[J]. Molecular biology and evolution.2007,24(8):1586-1591
[187]Munch K, Boomsma W, Huelsenbeck JP, et al. Statistical Assignment of DNA Sequences Using Bayesian Phylogenetics[J].Systematic Biology.2008,57(5):750-757
[188]Munch K, Boomsma W, Willerslev E, et al. Fast phylogenetic DNA barcoding[J]. PhilTrans RSoc B.2008,363:3997-^002
[189]Matz MV and Nielsen R. A likelihood ratio test for species membership based on DNA sequence data. [J].PhilTrans RSoc B.2005,360(1462):1969-1974
[190]Nielsen R., Matz M. Statistical approaches for DNA barcoding[J].Syst. Biol.2006,55:162-169
[191]Abdo Z, Golding GB. A step toward barcoding life:a model-based, decision-theoretic method to assign genes to preexisting species groups[J].Syst Biol.2007,56:44-56
[192]Knowles LL and Carstens BC. Delimiting species without monophyletic gene trees[J].Syst Biol.2007,56:887-95
[193]Monaghan MT, Wild R, Elliot M, et al. Accelerated species inventory on madagascar using coalescent-based models of species delineation[J]. Syst Biol.2009,58:298-311
[194]Sarkar IN, Planet PJ, Desalle R. CAOS software for use in character-based DNA barcoding[J].Mol Ecol Resour.2008,8:1256-1259
[195]Richardson DE, Vanwye JD, Exum AM, et al. High-throughput species identification: from DNA isolation to bioinformatics[J]. Mol Ecol Notes.2007,7:199-207
[196]DasGupa B, Konwar KM, Mandoiu Ⅱ, et al. DNA-BAR:ditinguisher selection for DNA barcoding[J].Bioinformatics.2005,21:3424-3426
[197]Pons J, Barraclough TG, Gomez-Zurita J, et al. Sequencebased species delimitation for the DNA taxonomy of undescribed insects[J].Syst Biol.2006,55:595-609
[198]Chu KH, Li CP, Qi J. Ribosomal RNA as molecular barcodes:a simple correlation analysis without sequence alignment[J]. Bioinformatics.2006,22:1690-1701
[199]Chu KH, Xu M, Li CP. Rapid DNA barcoding analysis of large datasets using the composition vector method[J].BMC Bioinformatics.2009,10:S8.
[200]Kuksa P and Pavlovic V. Efficient alignment-free DNA barcode analytics[J]. BMCBioinformatics.2009,10:S9
[201]Singer GAC, Hajibabaei M. iBarcode.org:web-based molecular biodiversity analysis[J]. BMC Bioinformatics.2009,10:S14.
[202]Zhang AB, Sikes S, Muster C, and Li SQ. Inferring Species Membership Using DNA Sequences with Back-Propagation Neural Networks[J]. Syst Biol.2008,57(2):202-215
[203]Smagala JA, Dawson ED, Mehlmann M, et al. ConFind:a robust tool for conserved sequence identification[J].Bioinformatics.2005,21:4420-4432
[204]Altschul S. F., Madden T. L., Schaffer A. A., et al. Gapped Blast and psi-Blast:A new generation of protein database search programs[J].Nucleic Acids Res.1997,25:3389-3402
[205]Chun, Jongsik, et al. EzTaxon:a web-based tool for the identification of prokaryotes based on 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences [J]. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology.2007,2259-2261
[206]Myers, E.W. and W. Miller. Optimal alignments in linear space[J].Comput. Applic. Biosci. 1988,4:11-17
[207]Gojobori T, Moriyama E.N, Ina Y, et al. Evolutionary origin of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses[C].Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA.1990,87:4108-4111
[208]Steinke, Dirk, et al. Taxi:a software tool for DNA barcoding using distance methods[J]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences.2005,1975-1980
[209]Koski L. B., Golding G. B. The closest BLAST hit is often not the nearest neighbor[J]. J. Mol. Evol.2001,52:540-542
[210]Ferguson J. W. H. On the use of genetic divergence for identifying species[J]. Biol. J. Linn. Soc.2002,75:509-516
[211]Hickerson M. J., Meyer C. P., Moritz C. DNA barcoding will often fail to discover new animal species over broad parameter space[J].Syst. Biol.2006,55:729-739
[212]Whitworth T. L., Dawson R. D., Magalon H., et al. DNA barcoding cannot reliably identify species of the blowfly genus Protocalliphora (Diptera:Calliphoridae)[C]. Proc. R. Soc. B. 2007,274:1731-1739
[213]Steel M. A., Hendy M. D., Penny D. Loss of information in genetic distances[J].Nature. 1988,336:118
[214]DeSalle, R., M. G. Egan, and M. Siddall. The unholy trinity:Taxonomy, species delimitation and DNA barcoding[J]. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B.2005,360:1975-1980
[215]Huelsenbeck JP, Bollback JP. Empirical and hierarchical Bayesian estimation of ancestral states[J]. Syst Biol.2001,50:351-366
[216]Felsenstein J. Phylip:phylogenetic inference program Version 3.6[D]. Seattle:University of Washington.2005
[217]Swofford DL. PAUP:phylogenetic analysis by parsimony, version 4[D].2000
[218]Huelsenbeck J P, Ronquist F. MRBAYES:Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees[J]. Bioinformatics.2001,17(8):754-755
[219]Kumar S, Tamura K, Nei M. MEGA3:integrated software for molecular evolutionary genetics analysis and sequence alignment[J].Brief Bioinform.2005,5:150-163
[220]Tamura, Koichiro, et al. MEGA5:molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods[J].Molecular biology and evolution.2011,2731-2739
[221]Tamura K, Nei M. Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees[J]. Mol Biol Evol.1993,10:512-526
[222]Saitou N, Nei M.The Neighbor-Joining Method-a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees[J]. Mol Biol Evol.1987,4:406-425
[223]Jones DT, Taylor WR, Thornton JM. The rapid generation of mutation data matrices from protein sequences[J].Comput Appl Biosci.1992,8:275-282
[224]Tamura K, Nei M, Kumar S. Prospects for inferring very large phylogenies by using the neighbor-joining method[C].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.2004,101:11030-11035
[225]Berger, Simon A., Denis Krompass, and Alexandros Stamatakis. Performance, accuracy, and web server for evolutionary placement of short sequence reads under maximum likelihood[J]. Systematic biology.2011,291-302
[226]刘信顺,汪海孙,杨滨.安徽产箭叶淫羊藿的质量研究[J].基层中药杂.1990,5(2)：25
[227]郭宝林,王春兰,肖培根,等.箭叶淫羊藿的黄酮类成分分析和质量评价[J].中草药.1996,27(10)：584
[228]Qiong Liang, Guoyan Wei, Jianjun Chen, et al. Variation of Medicinal Components in a Unique Geographical Accession of Horny Goat Weed Epimedium sagittatum Maxim. (Berberidaceae)[J]. Molecules.2012,17(11):13345-13356
[229]徐文芬,何顺志,黄敏,等.高效液相色谱法测定贵州产淫羊藿药材不同药用部位中淫羊藿苷的含量[J].中国实验方剂学杂志.2007,13(5)：1-31
[230]何顺志,王悦云,徐文芬,等.不同生长期黔产天平山淫羊藿和粗毛淫羊藿中黄酮类成分的含量变化研究[J].贵州科学2008,26(3)：34-37
[231]李娜,宋少江,李仁,等.不同采收期朝鲜淫羊藿中淫羊藿苷及总黄酮的含量测定[J].中药研究与信息.2005,7(2)：109-111
[232]Ross H A, Murugan S, Li W L. Testing the reliability of genetic methods of species identification via simulation[J]. Syst Biol.2008,57:216-230
[233]朱英杰.重楼属DNA条形码筛选与鉴定方法研究[D].2011,西南交通大学
[234]Stern, W.T.1938. Epimedium and Vancouveria (Berberidaceae):a monograph. Linnean Soc[J].Bot.1938,51:409-535
[235]郭宝林.淫羊藿属植物的分子系统学研究[D].1999,中国协和医科大学
[236]石林春.姜科药用植物条形码鉴定研究[D].2009,西北农林科技大学
[237]袁航.黔淫羊藿的鉴定及质量评价研究[D].2014,北京中医药大学
[238]应俊生,等.中国植物志(二十九卷)[M].北京：科学出版社.2001年第一版
[239]Haiyu Zhao, Jianghai Sun, Miaoxuan Fan, et al. Analysis of phenolic compounds in Epimedium plants using liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry[J]. Chromatography A.2008,1190:157-181
[240]李作洲,徐艳琴,王瑛等.淫羊藿属药用植物的研究现状与展望[J].中草药.2005,36(2)：289-295
[241]高敏,冯学锋,郭宝林等.淫羊藿药典品种显微鉴别研究[J].中国中药杂志.2009,34(23)：3123-3125
[242]罗昆.基于芸香科、天南星科的植物DNA条形码通用序列研究[D].2010,湖北中医药大学
[243]张锴镔.中药提取物的活性筛选和“一测多评”技术在中药中的应用[D].2012,中国中医科学院
[244]陈士林,姚辉,宋经元等.基于DNA barcoding(条形码)技术的中药材鉴定[J].世界科学技术.2007,9(3)：7-12
[2]梁海锐,李家实,阎文玫,等.中药淫羊藿的商品调查和本草考证[J].中药通报.1988,12：7-10
[3]吴瑕,李东晓,邓文龙.淫羊藿对生殖及内分泌系统的药理学研究进展[J].中国实验方剂学杂志.2010,8：223-227
[4]张建,刘涛,覃新程,等.淫羊藿次苷II对大鼠阴茎海绵体压力、平均动脉血压的影响及其作用机制的研究[J].中国男科学杂志.2010,1：13-18
[5]付杰,乔梁,金泰乙,等.淫羊藿苷对家兔阴茎海绵体cGMP浓度的效果[J].中国药理学通报.2002,18(4)：430
[6]Ning H, Xin Z C, Lin G,et al.Effects of icariin on phosphodiesterase-5 activity in vitro and cyclic guanosine monophosphate level in cavernous smooth muscle cells[J]. Urology.2006, 68(6):1350-1354
[7]Shindel A W,Xin Z C,Lin G,et al.Erectogenic and neurotrophic effects of icariin, a purified extract of horny goat weed (Epimedium spp.) in vitro and in vivo[J].The journal of sexual medicine.2010,7:1518-1528
[8]张长城,贾亮亮,李守超,等.淫羊藿总黄酮对环磷酰胺致小鼠生精障碍保护作用的研究[J].中成药.2010,12：2052-2055
[9]章振保,杨庆涛,杨镜秋,等.淫羊藿甙、菟丝子提取物对雄激素部分缺乏大鼠生殖保护作用的比较研究[J].中国老年学杂志.2006,10：1389-1391
[10]章振保,杨庆涛.淫羊藿甙抗大鼠雄激素部分缺乏的实验研究[J].中国男科学杂志.2006,03：47-50
[11]覃光辉,王骁,姚重华,等.淫羊藿苷对雷公藤多苷模型小鼠睾丸病理损伤的影响[J].中医药导报.2009,7：8-10
[12]杨春,辛钟成,付杰,等.淫羊藿苷对兔阴蒂海绵体平滑肌细胞NO及NOS活性的影响[J].中国男科学杂志.2005,19(1)：6
[13]乔梁,辛钟成,付杰,等.阴蒂海绵体中磷酸二酯酶5表达及淫羊藿苷对cGMP浓度的影响[J].中华泌尿外科杂志.2002,23(11)：670
[14]Chen K M, Ma H P, Ge B F, et al.Icariin enhances the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells but has no effects on the differentiation of newborn calvarial osteoblasts of rats[J].Die Pharmazie-An International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences.2007,62(10): 785-789
[15]张大威,程岩,张金超,等.淫羊藿苷对破骨细胞的分化及骨吸收功能的影响[J].中国药理学通报.2007,4：463-467
[16]Gao S, Liu H,Li K, et al.Effect of Epimedium pubescen flavonoid on bone mineral density and biomechanical properties of femoral distal end and femoral diaphysis of passively smoking male rats[J].Journal of Orthopaedic Science.2012,17(3):281-288
[17]王大伟,邓秀兰,牛建昭,等.采用MCF7和T47D乳腺癌细胞模型对淫羊藿苷雌激素样作用的实验研究[J].北京中医药.2009,02：136-138
[18]朱瑞清,李志忠,周建,等.淫羊藿苷及其拟代谢物的雌激素样作用研究[J].中医药学报.2012,3：15-20
[19]王大伟,邓秀兰,牛建昭,等.淫羊藿及淫羊藿苷在小鼠体内雌激素样作用的实验研究[J].北京中医药大学学报.2009,3：164-166
[20]许碧连,吴铁,崔燎,等.复方淫羊藿对去卵巢大鼠腰椎松质骨的影响[J].中国老年学杂志.2006,2：232-234
[21]Yang L, Lu D, Guo J, et al.Icariin from Epimedium brevicornum Maxim promotes the biosynthesis of estrogen by aromatase (CYP19)[J] Journal of ethnopharmacology.2013,145(3): 715-721
[22]Zhang W P, Bai X J, Zheng X P, et al.Icariin attenuates the enhanced prothrombotic state in atherosclerotic rabbits independently of its lipid-lowering effects [J]. Planta medica. 2013,79(9):731-736
[23]王东芝,李东万,张守刚.淫羊藿在心血管疾病方面的研究进展[J].浙江中医药大学学报.2013,1：107-110
[24]包宇,杨建雄,孙润广.淫羊藿苷与淫羊藿次苷II的体外抗氧化作用[J].吉林大学学报(医学版).2012,3：423-428
[25]谢娟平,谢人明,王小微.巫山淫羊藿主要成分朝藿定C和双藿苷A抗炎作用研究[J].中国现代应用药学.2012,3：198-201
[26]邹萍.淫羊藿免疫药理学研究进展[J].中国中医药科技.2010,3：279-280
[27]毛海婷,张玲,王芸,等.淫羊藿甙抗癌作用机制的实验研究[J].中药材.2000,9：554-556
[27]朱燕辉,黄丽霞,石崇军.淫羊藿苷对肝癌细胞株SMMC-7721增殖与凋亡的影响[J].中国普通外科杂志.2012,8：968-972
[29]张玲,王芸,毛海婷,等.淫羊藿甙抑制肿瘤细胞端粒酶活性及其调节机制的研究[J].中国免疫学杂志.2002,3：191-194
[30]Tong J S,Zhang Q H,Huang X,et al.Icaritin causes sustained ERK1/2 activation and induces apoptosis in human endometrial cancer cells[J].PLoS One.2011,6(3):e16781
[31]闵红波,王建文,孙继虎,等.淫羊藿甙诱导视网膜母细胞瘤细胞凋亡及对Bcl-2的影响[J].中国中西医结合杂志.2003,S1：147-149
[32]朱剑锋,赵娜,孟坤,等.淫羊藿提取物IC163对K562白血病细胞增殖抑制和凋亡诱导效应观察[J].临床血液学杂志.2009,5：485-487
[33]毛海婷,张玲,王芸,等.淫羊藿苷及济南假单胞菌制剂联合应用体外抗转移的研究[J].中国药理学通报.2000,5：534-537
[34]毛海婷,张玲,王芸,等.淫羊藿甙和济南假单胞菌制剂调控PG细胞转移相关基因的表达[J].肿瘤.2000,01：13-15
[35]张京伟,周云峰,文显梅,等.淫羊藿甙逆转胃癌细胞恶性表型的研究[J].中华实验外科杂 志.2006,10：1213-1214
[36]唐菁,张玲,顾洪涛,等.淫羊藿苷、黄芩苷联合多柔比星抑制肝癌细胞APRIL表达和逆转肿瘤免疫逃逸[J].中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志.2007,6：516-521
[37]朱剑锋,吴正东,孟坤,等.淫羊藿提取物IC163对K562细胞的诱导分化作用观察[J].临床血液学杂志.2011,3：300-302
[38]中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员.会中国植物志[D]2001
[39]郭宝林,肖培根.中药淫羊藿主要种类评述[J].中国中药杂志.2003,4：18-22
[40]雷光华,刘文和,李康华,等.淫羊藿黄酮对被动吸烟大鼠骨量与骨形态学的影响及其相关性研究[J].中国骨质疏松杂志.2008,14(1)：8-121
[41]李波,安睿,王新宏.淫羊藿苷和补肾复方对肾阳虚大鼠下丘脑CRH基因和垂体POMC基因表达的影响[J].中成药.2008,30(1)：132-1341
[42]袁航,曹树萍,陈抒云,等.淫羊藿的化学成分及质量控制研究进展[J].中草药(已接收)
[43]刘春明,刘志强,窦建鹏,等.朝鲜淫羊藿中生物碱类新成分的分离提取及结构鉴定[J].高等学校化学学报.2003,12：2215-2217
[44]高敏,刘京晶,孙欣光,等.中药淫羊藿主要资源种类木兰花碱含量的研究[J].中国中药杂志.2011,36：16-18
[45]高敏,付长珍,刘京晶,等.淫羊藿属木兰花碱分布规律及含量影响因素研究[J].中国中药杂志.2011,36(18)：2475-2478
[46]Wang G J, Tsai T H, Lin L C. Prenylflavonol, acylated flavonol glycosides and related compounds from Epimedium sagittatum[J]. Phytochemistry.2007,68:2455-2464
[47]江芳,王新峦,王乃利,等.朝鲜淫羊藿中的木脂素类化合物及其对大鼠骨肉瘤细胞UMR106增殖及分化的影响[J].中草药.2008,39：1281-1285
[48]杨云,张寒娟,朱振华,等.心叶淫羊藿化学成分研究[J].中药材.2009,7：1051-1053
[49]郑训海,孔令义.朝鲜淫羊藿化学成分研究[J].中草药.2002,11：7-10
[50]贾宪生,吴家其,茅青.黔岭淫羊藿化学成分的研究Ⅳ[J].中国药学杂志.1999,34：442-444
[51]张树军,郭洪利,赵树军,等.心叶淫羊藿化学成分研究(II)[J].中草药.2008,3：325-327
[52]程岩,王新峦,张大威,等.朝鲜淫羊藿中的非黄酮类化合物[J].中草药.2007,8：1135-1138
[53]王丹红,陈玉婷,李飞,等.巫山淫羊藿叶中挥发油成分的气相色谱-质谱分析[J].时珍国
医国药.2007,12:3022-3023
[54]施启红,吕磊,李玲,等.运用GC-MS技术对2种淫羊藿挥发性成分的比较分析[J].药学
实践杂志.2011,6：445-448
[55]回瑞华,侯冬岩,李铁纯,等.萃取淫羊藿挥发油的实验与分析[J].分析试验室
2005,10：63-66
[56]杨晓华,张华峰,王瑛.淫羊藿多糖的功能、提取与开发前景[J].中国食品添加剂.
2008,S1：184-187
[57]李德耀.淫羊藿多糖的分离纯化结构分析和免疫活性研究[D].河南：郑州大学.2005
[58]饶金华,刘文英,江佳峪.柱前衍生化高效液相色谱法分析淫羊藿多糖中单糖的组成[J]. 时珍国医国药.2007,2：366-367
[59]安晓娟,冯琳,宋红平,等.淫羊藿多糖的分离纯化及结构初步分析[J].生物学杂志.2012,3：39-41
[60]罗莉,李燕,杨瑞武,等.四川不同产地淫羊藿中无机元素的分析测定[J].药物分析杂志.2011,6：1045-1049
[61]刘春明,李丽,刘志强,等.炮制前后朝鲜淫羊藿化学成分的变化规律研究[J].分析测试学报.2004,1：67-69
[62]李定芬,高言明,李健,等.巫山淫羊藿炮制前后几种微量元素含量变化研究[J].微量元素与健康研究.2011,3：35-36
[63]黄蘅.淫羊藿的显微鉴别研究现状[J].中国中医药现代远程教育.2010,18：250-251.
[64]粱海锐,阎文玫.国产淫羊藿属叶表面特征的研究[J].西北植物学报.1992,12(2)：142-148
[65]舒抒,陈俊华,钟国跃.五种淫羊藿粉末的显微鉴别[J].中药材.2003,11：781-783
[66]石进校,覃成.不同居群箭叶淫羊藿叶片解剖结构研究[J].生命科学研究.2005,9(4)：125
[67]郭宝林,肖培根,何顺志.淫羊藿属花粉的外壁纹饰及其分类学意义[J].云南植物研究.1998,20(2)：220-224
[68]粱海锐,阁文玫,李家实,等.巫山淫羊藿的生药学研究[J].西北药学杂志.1989,4(1)：17-20.
[69]粱海锐,阎文玫,李家实.淫羊藿属植物毛茸的研究[J].北京中医学院学报1990,13(2)：42-47
[70]李炳生,中药材的非腺毛特征鉴定[J].时珍国医国药.2001,12(5)：395
[71]何顺志,郭宝林,王晓春.箭叶淫羊藿及近缘种的分类研究[J].贵州科学.2003,21(12)：103-106
[72]王悦云,何顺志,郭宝林.中国淫羊藿属小花类群非腺毛形态[J].云南植物研究.2008,30(4)：423-429
[73]高敏,冯学峰,郭宝林,等.淫羊藿药典品种显微鉴别研究[J].中国中药杂志.2009,34(23)：3123-3125
[74]Nakai R, Shoyam a Y, Shiraishi S. Genetic characterization of Epimedium species using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) diagnosis[J]. Biol Pharm Bull.1996,19:671
[75]李明军,杜明凤,陈庆富.淫羊藿属植物的RAPD遗传多样性研究[J].种子.2011,06：45-49
[76]任磷.利用AFLP技术研究淫羊藿属(Epimedium L.) 种间分类与系统进化关系[D].北京林业大学.2008
[77]De Smet, Yannick, et al. Additional evidence for recent divergence of Chinese Epimedium (Berberidaceae) derived from AFLP, chloroplast and nuclear data supplemented with characterisation of leaflet pubescence. Plant Ecology and Evolution.2012,73-87
[78]杜明凤,李明军,陈庆富.淫羊藿属植物PCR-RFLP遗传多样性研究[J].中草药.2012,3：562-567
[79]Zeng, Shaohua, et al. Development of a EST dataset and characterization of EST-SSRs in atraditional Chinese medicinal plant, Epimedium sagittatum (Sieb. Et Zucc.) Maxim.[J]. BMC genomics.2010,94
[80]Zhou, Jianfeng, et al. Identification of microsatellite loci from Epimedium koreanum and cross-species amplification in four species of Epimedium (Berberidaceae).[J].Molecular ecology notes.2007,467-470
[81]Xu, Yanqin, Zuozhou Li, and Ying Wang. Fourteen microsatellite loci for the Chinese medicinal plant Epimedium sagittatum and cross-species application in other medicinal species. [J].Molecular ecology resources.2008,640-642
[82]Xu, Yanqin, et al. Development of 12 novel microsatellite loci in a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, Epimedium brevicornum and cross-amplification in other related taxa. [J].Conservation genetics.2008,949-952
[83]Wei, Wenliang, et al. Characterization of the sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) global transcriptome using Illumina paired-end sequencing and development of EST-SSR markers.[J].BMC genomics.2011,451
[84]Sun, Ye, et al. A phylogenetic analysis of Epimediumi (Berberidaceae) based on nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences. [J].Molecular phylogenetics and evolution.2005,287-291
[85]Sun, Ye, et al. Characterization of medicinal Epimedium species by 5S rRNA gene spacer sequencing.[J].Planta medica.2004,287-288
[86]Sun, Y. Molecular Authentication of Epimedium Species and the Anti-osteoporosis Effect of Herba Epimedii[D]. PhD Dissertation, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.2004
[87]Zhang, Ming-Li, Christian H. Uhink, and Joachim W. Kadereit. Phylogeny and biogeography of Epimedium/Vancouveria (Berberidaceae):Western North American-East Asian disjunctions, the origin of European mountain plant taxa, and East Asian species diversity. [J].Systematic botany.2007,81-92
[88]Jiang, Yu, et al. Identification of the genus Epimedium with DNA barcodes.Journal of Medicinal Plants Research.2011,6413-6417
[89]郭宝林,王川易,肖培根.中药淫羊藿的DNA分子鉴定研究[C].第九届全国药用植物及植物药学术研讨会论文集.海南：海口.2010
[90]裴利宽,郭宝林.近10年淫羊藿药材及饮片研究进展[J].中国中药杂志.2007,6：466-471
[91]徐艳琴,陈建军,葛菲,刘小丽,王瑛.淫羊藿药材质量评价研究现状与思考[J].中草.2010,4：661-666
[92]陈肖家,张庆文,季晖,等.紫外分光光度法和高效液相色谱法测定淫羊藿总黄酮含量的比较研究[J].药物分析杂志.2007,5：625-630
[93]陈肖家,李绍平,王一涛,等HPLC、UPLC、CZE测定淫羊藿中黄酮类成分含量的比较研究[J].中国药学杂志.2008,8：624-628
[94]韩笋,谢媛媛,王义明,等.淫羊藿属主要资源种类的化学品质比较研究[J].药学学报.2012,4：502-507
[95]Pei L K, Sun S Q, Guo B L, et al.Fast quality control of Herba Epimedii by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy[J].SPECTROCHIM ACTA A.2008,70(2):258-264
[96]包永睿,孟宪生,曹爱民,等.淫羊藿药材的指纹图谱[J].辽宁中医药大学学报.2009,5：163-165
[97]黄朝瑜,赵陆华,梅玲华,等.淫羊藿药材HPLC指纹图谱的研究[J].中国天然药物.2003,3：19-22
[98]宋剑,李知遥,贾继明,等.不同品种淫羊藿药材的指纹图谱研究[J].现代中药研究与实践.2010,5：16-18
[99]裴利宽,郭宝林,黄文华.淫羊藿属主要资源种类的HPLC指纹图谱特征和种类鉴定[J].中国中药杂志.2008,14：1662-1668
[100]郭宝林,裴利宽,肖培根.淫羊藿属植物黄酮类化合物的分类学意义再探[J].植物分类学报.2008,6：874-885
[101]张萍,孔维军,鄢丹,王晶彬,等.基于淫羊藿苷测定及HPLC指纹图谱分析的淫羊藿药材质量差异评价[J].中草药.2010,11：1901-1904
[102]易中宏,郑一敏,傅善全,等.巫山淫羊藿不同部位的高效液相色谱指纹图谱测定[J].时珍国医国药.2005,5：377-378
[103]李颖.淫羊藿HPLC指纹图谱的建立与产地、部位成分差异性研究[J].辽宁中医药大学学报.2012,02：177-178
[104]王丽霞,王超展,耿信笃.淫羊藿属药材反相高效液相色谱指纹图谱及质量评估研究[J].化学学报.2006,06：551-555
[105]窦建鹏,宋凤瑞,刘志强,等.朝鲜淫羊藿的色谱指纹图谱及液相色谱／电喷雾串联质谱分析[J].化学学报.2009,22：2613-2618
[106]朱粉霞,赵永刚,贾晓斌,等.淫羊藿炮制前后(?)JPLC-PDA-MS的指纹图谱研究[J].化学学报.2012,5：635-642
[107]谭鹏,于向红,杨蕾,等.巫山淫羊藿饮片炮制前后HPLC指纹图谱研究[J].药物分析杂志.2012,04：592-595
[108]王彬,黄河舟,朱臻宇,等.淫羊藿药材HPLC指纹图谱的勾兑研究[J].药学实践杂志.2008,06：432-434
[109]张光明,刘宗.乌梢蛇与同科三种杂蛇的鉴别[J].江苏医学与临床研究.2001,9(3)：25-26
[110]窦忠健,郭焕.乌梢蛇及其伪品王锦蛇的鉴别研究[J].新疆中医药.2005,23(1)：40
[111]谢光宇.乌梢蛇及几种混伪品的鉴别[J].海峡药学.2005,17(3)：99-100
[112]张付轩,马艳平,陈朝峰,等.金钱白花蛇的真伪鉴别[J].中国中医药现代远程教育.2009,12：106
[113]陈志清.蕲蛇的真伪鉴别和鉴别要点[J].中国民族民间医药.2012,16：50-52
[114]王春根,张永萍,吴德康.9种药用蛇背鳞的显微研究[J].中药通报.1987,12(9)：520-523
[115]胡新.乌梢蛇及其伪品黑眉锦蛇王锦蛇和白环蛇背鳞的显微鉴定[J].时珍国医国药.1998,9(4)：333-334
[116]杨小平,屈菊兰,林劲松.中药乌梢蛇的光镜及扫描电镜鉴别研究[J].中草药.1999,30(8)：613-615
[117]徐雅娟,高士贤.蕲蛇等6种蛇类药材的粉末显微及鳞片表面电镜扫描鉴别[J].中国药学杂志.1992,27(2)：78-79
[118]孙方人,何子安.广东眼镜蛇蛇胆的鉴别和质量控制的研究III.眼镜蛇蛇胆的薄层分析[J].蛇志.1995,7(2)：19-20
[119]熊学敏,康明,曹珏.纯蛇粉胶囊中乌梢蛇的薄层层析鉴别[J].蛇志.1998,10(4)：5-6
[120]赵文静,王栋,徐国旭,等.虎斑游蛇的薄层层析定性鉴别[J].中药医学报.2000,5：46
[121]肖寄平,黄青,陈人萍,等.乌梢蛇及其常见伪品的鉴别研究[J].吉林中医药.2009,29(10)：884-885
[122]戴莉香,周小江,李雪松,等.乌梢蛇的化学成分研究[J].西北药学杂志.2011,26(3)：162-163
[123]赵文静,李辉,陈国友,等.虎斑游蛇的氨基酸含量测定及与乌梢蛇的比较分析[J].中医药学报.2002,30(3)：36
[124]王成芳,包永睿,孟宪生,等. 蕲蛇药材高效毛细管电泳指纹图谱的研究[J].辽宁中医杂志.2010,37(5)：893-894
[125]刘训红,王春根,王夏阳,等.七种蛇类药材的理化鉴别研究[J].中国中药杂志.1991,16(7)：395-397
[126]李钦,张保国.乌梢蛇与其混淆品白条锦蛇的鉴别[J].中国药学杂志.2003.38(1)：16-19
[127]王新春,李钦,韩紫岩,等.乌梢蛇与其混淆品赤链蛇的鉴别[J].中国现代应用药学杂志.2001,18(4)：284-287
[128]刘明洁,图雅.乌梢蛇及其伪品王锦蛇蛋白电泳鉴别[J].中药研究与信息.2002,4(11)：60.
[129]聂刘旺,郭超文,吴孝兵.游蛇科五种蛇四种组织L D H同工酶凝胶电泳的分析[J].动物学研究.1995,16(1)：31-36
[130]沈曦,周开亚,王义权.中国蝮属蛇类的RAPD分析[J].动物学报.1999,45(1)：40-48.
[131]顾少菊,唐上明,孔天翰.变异银环蛇的蛇毒及DNA分析研究[J].现代临床医学生物工程学杂志.2005,11(6)：484-486
[132]王义权,周开亚,秦树臻.用RAPD标记检测六种蛇基因组DNA多态性[J].动物学报.1996,42(2)：172-181
[133]王义权,周开亚.游蛇科10种的随机扩增多态DNA研究[J].应用与环境生物学报.1996,2(3)：273-279
[134]唐晓晶,冯成强,黄璐琦,等.蕲蛇及其混淆品高特异性PCR鉴别[J].药物分析杂志.2006,26(2)：152-155
[135]冯成强,唐晓晶,黄璐琦,等.金钱白花蛇及其混淆品高特异性PCR的鉴别[J].中国中药杂志.2006,31(13)：1050-1053
[136]赵静雪,崔光红,辛敏通,等.金钱白花蛇快速PCR鉴别方法的建立[J].药学学报. 2010,45(10)：1327-1332
[137]唐晓晶,冯成强,黄璐琦,等.高特异性PCR方法鉴别乌梢蛇及其混淆品[J].中国药学杂志.2007,42(5)：333-336
[138]陈念,赖小平.眼镜王蛇线粒体基因组全序列分析[J].遗传.2010,32(7)：719-725
[139]陈念,赵树进,韩丽萍.银环蛇线粒体基因组全序列分析[J].中国生物化学与分子生物学报.2008,24(12)：1177-1182
[140]Heise, Philip J., et al. Higher-level snake phylogeny inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences of 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes[J].Molecular Biology and Evolution.1995,259-265
[141]Vidal, Nicolas, et al. Phylogenetic relationships of xenodontine snakes inferred from 12S and 16S ribosomal RNA sequences[J].Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.2000,389-402
[142]Keogh, J. Scott, Richard Shine, and Steve Donnellan. Phylogenetic Relationships of Terrestrial Australo-Papuan Elapid Snakes (Subfamily Hydrophiinae) Based on Cytochrome and 16S rRNA Sequences[J]. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution.1998,67-81
[143]Slowinski, Joseph B., and J. Scott Keogh. Phylogenetic Relationships of Elapid Snakes Based on Cytochrome mtDNA Sequences[J].Molecular phylogenetics and evolution.2000,157-164
[144]de Queiroz, Alan, Robin Lawson, and Julio A. Lemos-Espinal. Phylogenetic Relationships of North American Garter Snakes ThamnophisBased on Four Mitochondrial Genes:How Much DNA Sequence Is Enough[J]. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.2002,315-329
[145]Kelly, Christopher MR, Nigel P. Barker, and Martin H. Villet. Phylogenetics of advanced snakes (Caenophidia) based on four mitochondrial genes [J]. Systematic Biology.2003,439-459
[146]Wong, Ka-Lok, et al. Application of cytochrome b DNA sequences for the authentication of endangered snake species[J].Forensic science international.2004,49-55
[147]Powell, Randy L., Steven R. Reyes, and Dominic I. Lannutti. Molecular barcoding, DNA from snake venom, and toxinological research:Considerations and concerns[J].Toxicon.2006, 1095-1097
[148]Vidal, Nicolas, and S. Blair Hedges. Higher-level relationships of caenophidian snakes inferred from four nuclear and mitochondrial genes[J].Comptes rendus biologies.2002,987-995
[149]Kumazawa, Yoshinori. Mitochondrial DNA sequences of five squamates:phylogenetic affiliation of snakes[J].DNA research.2004,137-144
[150]Dong, Songyu, and Yoshinori Kumazawa. Complete mitochondrial DNA sequences of six snakes:phylogenetic relationships and molecular evolution of genomic features [J]. Journal of molecular evolution.2005,12-22
[151]Friedman M, DeSalle R. Mitochondrial DNA extraction and sequencing of formalin-fixed archival snake tissue:Short Communication[J]. Mitochondrial DNA.2008,19(5):433-437
[152]Vidal, Nicolas, et al. The phylogeny and classification of caenophidian snakes inferred from seven nuclear protein-coding genes[J].Comptes rendus biologies.2007,182-187
[153]Pyron, R. Alexander, et al. The phylogeny of advanced snakes (Colubroidea), with discovery of a new subfamily and comparison of support methods for likelihood trees[J].Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.2011,329-342
[154]Lane, Amanda, and Richard Shine. Phylogenetic relationships within laticaudine sea snakes (Elapidae)[J].Molecular phylogenetics and evolution.2011,567-577
[155]Dubey, Bhawna, P. R. Meganathan, and Ikramul Haque. DNA mini-barcoding:an approach for forensic identification of some endangered Indian snake species[J].Forensic Science International:Genetics.2011,181-184
[156]Jeong, Tae Jin, et al. DNA barcode reference data for the Korean herpetofauna and their applications[J].Molecular ecology resources.2013,1019-1032
[157]王义权,周开亚,徐珞珊,等.金钱白花蛇及其伪品的Cyt b基因片段序列分析和PCR鉴别研究[J].药学学报.1998,12：62-68
[158]王义权,周开亚,徐珞珊,等.中药材乌梢蛇及其混淆品的DNA序列分析鉴别[J].药学学报.1999,34(1)：67-71
[159]宋文成,宋社吾,刘道芳,等.蕲蛇药材及其市售混淆品的Cytb基因序列与分析[J].中草药.2006,12：1862-1865
[160]邓立彬,汤晓丽,邵建明,等.江西7种蛇类基于16SrRNA基因的DNA条形码构建[J].南昌大学学报(理科版).2011,1：95-102
[161]崔丽娜,杜鹤,张辉,等.基于COI条形码序列的金钱白花蛇及其混伪品的DNA分子鉴定[J].世界科学技术(中医药现代化).2011,2：424-428
[162]张辉,姚辉,崔丽娜,等.基于COI条形码序列的《中国药典》动物药材鉴定研究[J].世界科学技术-中医药现代化.2013,3：371-380
[164]晁志,廖婧,梁镇标,等.金钱白花蛇及其混伪品的DNA条形码鉴定(英文)[A].中国药学会.第十一届全国青年药学工作者最新科研成果交流会论文集[C].中国药学会.2012,11
[165]Kress WJ, Erickson DL, Jones FA, et al. Plant DNA barcodes and a community phylogeny of a tropical forest dynamics plot in Panama[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.2009,106:18621-18626
[166]Burgess K S, Fazekas A J, Kesanakurti P R, et al. Discriminating plant species in a local temperate flora using the rbcL+matK DNA barcode[J]. Methods in Ecology and Evolution. 2011,2(4):333-340.
[167]Wong EHK and Hanner RH. DNA barcoding detects market substitution in North American seafood[J]. Food Res Int.2008,41:828-37
[168]Squirrell J, Hollingsworth PM, Bateman RM, et al. Partitioning and diversity of nuclear and organelle markers in native and introduced populations of Epipactis helleborine (Orchidaceae)[J]. American Journal of Botany.2001,1409-1418
[169]Fazekas AJ, Burgess KS, Kesanakurti PR, et al. Multiple multilocus DNA barcodes from the plastid genome discriminate plant species equally well[J].PLoS One.2008,3:e2802
[170]Fazekas AJ, Kesanakurti PR, Burges KS, et al. Are plant species inherently harder to discriminate than animal species using DNA barcoding markers[J].Mol Ecol Resour, 2009,9:130-139
[171]Elias M, Hill RI, Willmott KR, et al. Limited performance of DNA barcoding in a diverse community of tropical butterflies[J].Proc Biol Sci.2007,274:2881-2889
[172]Austerlitz F, David O, Schaeffer B, et al. DNA barcode analysis:a comparison of phylogenetic and statistical classification methods[J].BMC Bioinformatics.2009,10:S10
[173]Kerr K C R, Birks S M, Kalyakin M V, et al. Filling the gap-COI barcode resolution in eastern Palearctic birds[J]. Frontiers in Zoology.2009,6(1):29-42
[174]Casiraghim M, Labra M, Ferri E, Galimberti A, et al. DNA barcoding:a six-question tour to improve user's awareness about the method[J]. Briefings in Bioinfomatics.2010,2(4):440-453
[175]Altschul S F, Gish W, Miller W, et al. Basic local alignment search tool[J]. Journal of molecular biology.1990,215(3):403-410
[176]Kent WJ. BLAT- The BLAST-like alignment tool[J].Genome Res.2002,12:656-64
[177]Chun, Jongsik, et al. EzTaxon:a web-based tool for the identification of prokaryotes based on 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences [J]. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology.2007,2259-2261
[178]Little DP, Stevenson DWm. A comparison of algorithms for the identification of specimens using DNA barcodes:examples from gymnosperms[J]. Cladistics.2009,23:1-21
[179]Steinke D., Vences M., Salzburger W., et al.Taxi:A software tool for DNA barcoding using distance methods[J]. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci.2005,360:1975-1980
[180]Meier R, Kwong S, Vaidya G, et al.DNA barcoding and taxonomy in Diptera:a tale of high intraspecific variability and low identification success[J].2006. Syst Biol,55:715-28
[181]Ferri E, Barbuto M, Bain O, et al. Integrated taxonomy:traditional approach and DNA barcoding for the identification of filarioid worms and related parasites (Nematoda)[J]. Front Zool.2009,6(1):1111-1119
[182]Ratnasingham S, Hebert PDN. BOLD:The Barcode of Life Datasystem (www. barcodinglife.org)[E]. Mol Ecol Notes.2007,7:355-364
[183]Lefe'bure T, Douady CJ, Gouy M, et al. Relationship between morphological taxonomy and molecular divergence within Crustacea:proposal of a molecular threshold to help species delimitation[J]. Mol Phylogenet Evo.2006,40:435-47
[184]Elias M, Hill RI, Willmott KR, et al. Limited performance of DNA barcoding in a community of tropical butterflies[J].Proc Biol Sci.2007,274:2881-9
[185]Little DP, Stevenson DWm. A comparison of algorithms forthe identification of specimens using DNA barcodes:examples from gymnosperms[J]. Cladistics.2007,23:1-21 [186]Yang Z. PAML 4:phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood[J]. Molecular biology and evolution.2007,24(8):1586-1591
[187]Munch K, Boomsma W, Huelsenbeck JP, et al. Statistical Assignment of DNA Sequences Using Bayesian Phylogenetics[J].Systematic Biology.2008,57(5):750-757
[188]Munch K, Boomsma W, Willerslev E, et al. Fast phylogenetic DNA barcoding[J]. PhilTrans RSoc B.2008,363:3997-^002
[189]Matz MV and Nielsen R. A likelihood ratio test for species membership based on DNA sequence data. [J].PhilTrans RSoc B.2005,360(1462):1969-1974
[190]Nielsen R., Matz M. Statistical approaches for DNA barcoding[J].Syst. Biol.2006,55:162-169
[191]Abdo Z, Golding GB. A step toward barcoding life:a model-based, decision-theoretic method to assign genes to preexisting species groups[J].Syst Biol.2007,56:44-56
[192]Knowles LL and Carstens BC. Delimiting species without monophyletic gene trees[J].Syst Biol.2007,56:887-95
[193]Monaghan MT, Wild R, Elliot M, et al. Accelerated species inventory on madagascar using coalescent-based models of species delineation[J]. Syst Biol.2009,58:298-311
[194]Sarkar IN, Planet PJ, Desalle R. CAOS software for use in character-based DNA barcoding[J].Mol Ecol Resour.2008,8:1256-1259
[195]Richardson DE, Vanwye JD, Exum AM, et al. High-throughput species identification: from DNA isolation to bioinformatics[J]. Mol Ecol Notes.2007,7:199-207
[196]DasGupa B, Konwar KM, Mandoiu Ⅱ, et al. DNA-BAR:ditinguisher selection for DNA barcoding[J].Bioinformatics.2005,21:3424-3426
[197]Pons J, Barraclough TG, Gomez-Zurita J, et al. Sequencebased species delimitation for the DNA taxonomy of undescribed insects[J].Syst Biol.2006,55:595-609
[198]Chu KH, Li CP, Qi J. Ribosomal RNA as molecular barcodes:a simple correlation analysis without sequence alignment[J]. Bioinformatics.2006,22:1690-1701
[199]Chu KH, Xu M, Li CP. Rapid DNA barcoding analysis of large datasets using the composition vector method[J].BMC Bioinformatics.2009,10:S8.
[200]Kuksa P and Pavlovic V. Efficient alignment-free DNA barcode analytics[J]. BMCBioinformatics.2009,10:S9
[201]Singer GAC, Hajibabaei M. iBarcode.org:web-based molecular biodiversity analysis[J]. BMC Bioinformatics.2009,10:S14.
[202]Zhang AB, Sikes S, Muster C, and Li SQ. Inferring Species Membership Using DNA Sequences with Back-Propagation Neural Networks[J]. Syst Biol.2008,57(2):202-215
[203]Smagala JA, Dawson ED, Mehlmann M, et al. ConFind:a robust tool for conserved sequence identification[J].Bioinformatics.2005,21:4420-4432
[204]Altschul S. F., Madden T. L., Schaffer A. A., et al. Gapped Blast and psi-Blast:A new generation of protein database search programs[J].Nucleic Acids Res.1997,25:3389-3402
[205]Chun, Jongsik, et al. EzTaxon:a web-based tool for the identification of prokaryotes based on 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences [J]. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology.2007,2259-2261
[206]Myers, E.W. and W. Miller. Optimal alignments in linear space[J].Comput. Applic. Biosci. 1988,4:11-17
[207]Gojobori T, Moriyama E.N, Ina Y, et al. Evolutionary origin of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses[C].Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA.1990,87:4108-4111
[208]Steinke, Dirk, et al. Taxi:a software tool for DNA barcoding using distance methods[J]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences.2005,1975-1980
[209]Koski L. B., Golding G. B. The closest BLAST hit is often not the nearest neighbor[J]. J. Mol. Evol.2001,52:540-542
[210]Ferguson J. W. H. On the use of genetic divergence for identifying species[J]. Biol. J. Linn. Soc.2002,75:509-516
[211]Hickerson M. J., Meyer C. P., Moritz C. DNA barcoding will often fail to discover new animal species over broad parameter space[J].Syst. Biol.2006,55:729-739
[212]Whitworth T. L., Dawson R. D., Magalon H., et al. DNA barcoding cannot reliably identify species of the blowfly genus Protocalliphora (Diptera:Calliphoridae)[C]. Proc. R. Soc. B. 2007,274:1731-1739
[213]Steel M. A., Hendy M. D., Penny D. Loss of information in genetic distances[J].Nature. 1988,336:118
[214]DeSalle, R., M. G. Egan, and M. Siddall. The unholy trinity:Taxonomy, species delimitation and DNA barcoding[J]. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B.2005,360:1975-1980
[215]Huelsenbeck JP, Bollback JP. Empirical and hierarchical Bayesian estimation of ancestral states[J]. Syst Biol.2001,50:351-366
[216]Felsenstein J. Phylip:phylogenetic inference program Version 3.6[D]. Seattle:University of Washington.2005
[217]Swofford DL. PAUP:phylogenetic analysis by parsimony, version 4[D].2000
[218]Huelsenbeck J P, Ronquist F. MRBAYES:Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees[J]. Bioinformatics.2001,17(8):754-755
[219]Kumar S, Tamura K, Nei M. MEGA3:integrated software for molecular evolutionary genetics analysis and sequence alignment[J].Brief Bioinform.2005,5:150-163
[220]Tamura, Koichiro, et al. MEGA5:molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods[J].Molecular biology and evolution.2011,2731-2739
[221]Tamura K, Nei M. Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees[J]. Mol Biol Evol.1993,10:512-526
[222]Saitou N, Nei M.The Neighbor-Joining Method-a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees[J]. Mol Biol Evol.1987,4:406-425
[223]Jones DT, Taylor WR, Thornton JM. The rapid generation of mutation data matrices from protein sequences[J].Comput Appl Biosci.1992,8:275-282
[224]Tamura K, Nei M, Kumar S. Prospects for inferring very large phylogenies by using the neighbor-joining method[C].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.2004,101:11030-11035
[225]Berger, Simon A., Denis Krompass, and Alexandros Stamatakis. Performance, accuracy, and web server for evolutionary placement of short sequence reads under maximum likelihood[J]. Systematic biology.2011,291-302
[226]刘信顺,汪海孙,杨滨.安徽产箭叶淫羊藿的质量研究[J].基层中药杂.1990,5(2)：25
[227]郭宝林,王春兰,肖培根,等.箭叶淫羊藿的黄酮类成分分析和质量评价[J].中草药.1996,27(10)：584
[228]Qiong Liang, Guoyan Wei, Jianjun Chen, et al. Variation of Medicinal Components in a Unique Geographical Accession of Horny Goat Weed Epimedium sagittatum Maxim. (Berberidaceae)[J]. Molecules.2012,17(11):13345-13356
[229]徐文芬,何顺志,黄敏,等.高效液相色谱法测定贵州产淫羊藿药材不同药用部位中淫羊藿苷的含量[J].中国实验方剂学杂志.2007,13(5)：1-31
[230]何顺志,王悦云,徐文芬,等.不同生长期黔产天平山淫羊藿和粗毛淫羊藿中黄酮类成分的含量变化研究[J].贵州科学2008,26(3)：34-37
[231]李娜,宋少江,李仁,等.不同采收期朝鲜淫羊藿中淫羊藿苷及总黄酮的含量测定[J].中药研究与信息.2005,7(2)：109-111
[232]Ross H A, Murugan S, Li W L. Testing the reliability of genetic methods of species identification via simulation[J]. Syst Biol.2008,57:216-230
[233]朱英杰.重楼属DNA条形码筛选与鉴定方法研究[D].2011,西南交通大学
[234]Stern, W.T.1938. Epimedium and Vancouveria (Berberidaceae):a monograph. Linnean Soc[J].Bot.1938,51:409-535
[235]郭宝林.淫羊藿属植物的分子系统学研究[D].1999,中国协和医科大学
[236]石林春.姜科药用植物条形码鉴定研究[D].2009,西北农林科技大学
[237]袁航.黔淫羊藿的鉴定及质量评价研究[D].2014,北京中医药大学
[238]应俊生,等.中国植物志(二十九卷)[M].北京：科学出版社.2001年第一版
[239]Haiyu Zhao, Jianghai Sun, Miaoxuan Fan, et al. Analysis of phenolic compounds in Epimedium plants using liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry[J]. Chromatography A.2008,1190:157-181
[240]李作洲,徐艳琴,王瑛等.淫羊藿属药用植物的研究现状与展望[J].中草药.2005,36(2)：289-295
[241]高敏,冯学锋,郭宝林等.淫羊藿药典品种显微鉴别研究[J].中国中药杂志.2009,34(23)：3123-3125
[242]罗昆.基于芸香科、天南星科的植物DNA条形码通用序列研究[D].2010,湖北中医药大学
[243]张锴镔.中药提取物的活性筛选和“一测多评”技术在中药中的应用[D].2012,中国中医科学院
[244]陈士林,姚辉,宋经元等.基于DNA barcoding(条形码)技术的中药材鉴定[J].世界科学技术.2007,9(3)：7-12