物流园区成长及竞争力研究
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摘要
物流园区最早出现在日本,由于具备诸多优势和外在效能,很快在欧洲一些国家得到推广,近年又进一步扩展到亚洲国家和地区。我国在近十年才引进物流园区这一概念,但物流园区在国内的发展速度却非常惊人,形成名副其实的“物流园区热”。物流园区是社会经济发展和经济全球化、一体化的必然要求,是现代物流发展到一定阶段的产物,其形成和成长有着深刻的内在机理,物流园区健康成长不仅关系到物流业及其相关行业的发展,而且也关系到区域经济整体实力的提升。然而,目前我国目前的物流园区良莠不齐,成长性不高,造成资源浪费、效率较低的不良局面。
本文对物流园区成长及竞争力问题进行了系统的分析。主要研究工作如下:
(1)从对物流园区的内涵进行重新界定入手,分析了物流园区与物流基地、物流中心、交通枢纽等相似概念的区别;界定了物流园区的组织属性—中间性组织,并就此分析了与工业园区及物流产业集群的异同。
(2)分析了物流园区的形成要素与成长动力。提出经济集中化与市场竞争是促使物流园区形成的原因。指出物流需求的拉动是物流园区及其企业成长的根本动力,政府扶持政策的拉动在物流园区的成长初期起着至关重要的作用,企业对于集聚效应的追求是物流园区进入快速发展期的主要成长动力,物流园区及其企业的不断创新则是物流园区在稳定成熟期的成长主导动力。
(3)探讨了物流园区的成长路径——规模扩张以及结构演进。物流园区的规模扩张存在增量扩张以及存量扩张两种方式。物流园区的结构演进则是指物流园区系统结构中的不同机构之间的关系演变过程。
(4)从不同角度分析总结了国内外物流园区的运营模式,探讨了货运枢纽型物流园区、存储配送型物流园区、流通加工型物流园区与综合型物流园区等不同类型物流园区的不同成长模式。以生命周期理论为基础,提出了物流园区成长的生命周期模型,并针对其不足做了相应的改进与完善。
(5)对物流园区竞争力做出了层面剖析,认为物流园区竞争力可以从企业、园区和环境三个层面进行分析。构建了物流园区竞争力评价的指标体系,分为四层,最后一层共有43个评价指标。提出利用AHP-模糊综合评判法进行物流园区竞争力评价。并以济南盖家沟物流园区为例,对物流园区竞争力评价进行了实证研究。
Logistics parks were first emerging in Japan. With various advantages and external functions, logistics parks were quickly developed in European countries. In recent years, they have been well developed in Asian countries. China introduced logistics parks in the past ten years and they have been developed at a fast speed forming a real hot industry. Logistics parks are the products of modern logistics, which are the essential requirement of social economic development of economic globalization and economic integration and they are developed with profound inherent mechanism. Systematic and scientific designing of logistics parks is not only closely related with the development of logistic industry and other related industries, but also with the improvement of overall regional economic competitiveness. However, logistics parks in China are developed uneven and some are not so well developed resulting waste of resources and low efficiency.
In this dissertation, problems of how to develop logistics parks efficiently and their competitiveness are systematically studied by economics. The main studies and researches are the following:
First, starting with the redefinition of connotation of logistics parks, the differences between logistics park and other similar concepts such as logistics base, logistics center and transport hub are analyzed. The organizational attribute of logistics park is definite---medium organization and analysis is given to the difference that it has with the logistics industrial cluster.
Second, in this thesis, an intensive analysis is made on the forming elements and driving force of logistics parks and a conclusion is drawn that the logistics park is the result of the centralization of economy and market competition. The growing need of logistics is the basic driving force for the establishment of logistics parks and logistics enterprises while the support of governmental policy plays an important role in the early growing age of logistics parks. The enterprises’pursuit for effect of accumulation is the main growing force for logistics parks and the constant innovation is the dominant growing forces for logistics parks and logistics enterprises in their mature age.
Third, the growing path of logistics parks is exploited: extension of scale and structure evolution. The scale extension of logistics parks includes increment extension and storage extension. The structure evolution refers to the evolving process of relationship among various institutes in the logistics parks.
Forth, the operational mode of logistics parks both in China and abroad is analyzed in different angles. Different growing modes of logistics parks, such as logistics parks of transport-hub type, storage-distribution type, circulation-manufacturing type and synthesize type, are exploited and analyzed. Based on the theory of life cycle, the life cycle model of logistics parks has been built and necessary improvement has been done.
In the end, an analysis is given to the competitiveness of logistics parks in three respects: enterprises, parks aned environments. Index system has been established to evaluate the competitiveness of logistic parks. The system has four steps, the last of which has 43 assessments indicators. This dissertation also brings forward a method to evaluate the competitiveness of logistics parks by using AHP-fuzzy general appraisement. By taking Gaijiagou logistics park of Jinan as an illustration, empirical study has been done in using the theories and models established in this dissertation.
本文对物流园区成长及竞争力问题进行了系统的分析。主要研究工作如下:
(1)从对物流园区的内涵进行重新界定入手,分析了物流园区与物流基地、物流中心、交通枢纽等相似概念的区别;界定了物流园区的组织属性—中间性组织,并就此分析了与工业园区及物流产业集群的异同。
(2)分析了物流园区的形成要素与成长动力。提出经济集中化与市场竞争是促使物流园区形成的原因。指出物流需求的拉动是物流园区及其企业成长的根本动力,政府扶持政策的拉动在物流园区的成长初期起着至关重要的作用,企业对于集聚效应的追求是物流园区进入快速发展期的主要成长动力,物流园区及其企业的不断创新则是物流园区在稳定成熟期的成长主导动力。
(3)探讨了物流园区的成长路径——规模扩张以及结构演进。物流园区的规模扩张存在增量扩张以及存量扩张两种方式。物流园区的结构演进则是指物流园区系统结构中的不同机构之间的关系演变过程。
(4)从不同角度分析总结了国内外物流园区的运营模式,探讨了货运枢纽型物流园区、存储配送型物流园区、流通加工型物流园区与综合型物流园区等不同类型物流园区的不同成长模式。以生命周期理论为基础,提出了物流园区成长的生命周期模型,并针对其不足做了相应的改进与完善。
(5)对物流园区竞争力做出了层面剖析,认为物流园区竞争力可以从企业、园区和环境三个层面进行分析。构建了物流园区竞争力评价的指标体系,分为四层,最后一层共有43个评价指标。提出利用AHP-模糊综合评判法进行物流园区竞争力评价。并以济南盖家沟物流园区为例,对物流园区竞争力评价进行了实证研究。
Logistics parks were first emerging in Japan. With various advantages and external functions, logistics parks were quickly developed in European countries. In recent years, they have been well developed in Asian countries. China introduced logistics parks in the past ten years and they have been developed at a fast speed forming a real hot industry. Logistics parks are the products of modern logistics, which are the essential requirement of social economic development of economic globalization and economic integration and they are developed with profound inherent mechanism. Systematic and scientific designing of logistics parks is not only closely related with the development of logistic industry and other related industries, but also with the improvement of overall regional economic competitiveness. However, logistics parks in China are developed uneven and some are not so well developed resulting waste of resources and low efficiency.
In this dissertation, problems of how to develop logistics parks efficiently and their competitiveness are systematically studied by economics. The main studies and researches are the following:
First, starting with the redefinition of connotation of logistics parks, the differences between logistics park and other similar concepts such as logistics base, logistics center and transport hub are analyzed. The organizational attribute of logistics park is definite---medium organization and analysis is given to the difference that it has with the logistics industrial cluster.
Second, in this thesis, an intensive analysis is made on the forming elements and driving force of logistics parks and a conclusion is drawn that the logistics park is the result of the centralization of economy and market competition. The growing need of logistics is the basic driving force for the establishment of logistics parks and logistics enterprises while the support of governmental policy plays an important role in the early growing age of logistics parks. The enterprises’pursuit for effect of accumulation is the main growing force for logistics parks and the constant innovation is the dominant growing forces for logistics parks and logistics enterprises in their mature age.
Third, the growing path of logistics parks is exploited: extension of scale and structure evolution. The scale extension of logistics parks includes increment extension and storage extension. The structure evolution refers to the evolving process of relationship among various institutes in the logistics parks.
Forth, the operational mode of logistics parks both in China and abroad is analyzed in different angles. Different growing modes of logistics parks, such as logistics parks of transport-hub type, storage-distribution type, circulation-manufacturing type and synthesize type, are exploited and analyzed. Based on the theory of life cycle, the life cycle model of logistics parks has been built and necessary improvement has been done.
In the end, an analysis is given to the competitiveness of logistics parks in three respects: enterprises, parks aned environments. Index system has been established to evaluate the competitiveness of logistic parks. The system has four steps, the last of which has 43 assessments indicators. This dissertation also brings forward a method to evaluate the competitiveness of logistics parks by using AHP-fuzzy general appraisement. By taking Gaijiagou logistics park of Jinan as an illustration, empirical study has been done in using the theories and models established in this dissertation.
引文
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