排肥器试验台智能控制系统研究与设计
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摘要
随着精细农业的发展,精量施肥作为精细农业的重要组成部分,其对施肥装置性能的要求也越来越高。排肥器是精量施肥装置的核心部件,其性能是精量施肥的关键。排肥器性能试验是农机测试的重要组成部分,也是研制和开发新型精量排肥器不可缺少的重要环节。但是,排肥器大多是做为播种机的一部分来进行研究,没有专门用来检测排肥器性能的试验台。为此,本论文拟开发一种操作简单、性能可靠、运行速度快的排肥器试验台智能控制系统。
系统的设计在硬件设计方面采用两级计算机控制的设计方法,由上位机(计算机)和下位机(单片机)构成。计算机实现对各项参数的设置和对最终数据的处理;单片机完成检测过程中的数据采集、传送和动力系统的控制任务。在软件设计方面,上位机采用适应性强、可视化的VB语言编程,使程序简单、清晰,操作界面友好;下位机用单片机C51编程,采用模块化的结构设计,提高了可靠性和可扩展性。
本文通过对排肥器试验台智能控制系统的试验研究分析,其性能具有以下特点:
1)设计了专用的排肥器试验台智能控制系统,改善了用播种器试验台测试排肥器性能的状况。
2)通过改变步进电机的转速来模拟机具在田间作业时的实际状况,更能体现了排肥器对不同地块和肥料的适应性。
3)系统用称重传感器对下落到托盘上的肥料进行采样,得到肥料的实际重量。从而可以从量上精确检测排肥器的均匀性和精确度。克服了光电法、高速摄影法等方法只能检测出肥料是否有断行,或只能从图像上得到肥料的下落状况,无法从量上精确把握肥料的下落情况。
With the development of precision agriculture, precision fertilization requires more and more about the performance of fertilizing plant as an important component of precision agriculture. Fertilizer feeder is the core component of precise fertilizing plant and its property is the key for the realizing of precise fertilization. How to accurately detect the quality of fertilizer feeder is one prerequisite of precise feeding and also one key point of precise fertilizer feeder design and exploration. But nowadays no special tester for the performance of fertilizer feeder has been designed or reported. This paper designs a new property tester of fertilizer feeder which possesses many advantages such as optimum structure, reliable performance and fast running.
The structure of new fertilizer feeder tester is illustrated as following: the fertilizing shaft is driven by a stepper motor, the actual working situation of farming machine is simulated by changing the speed of stepper motor, the fertilizer falling on the tray is sampled by the weighing sensor, the cubic spline interpolation method is used for the sampling data processing, then the relationship charts of flow with timing and flow with distance respectively are finally obtained.
An intelligent control system is designed in this study. Two stage computer control is introduced which consists of PC as upper computer and single chip as lower computer. Various parameters are set and final data are processed by the computers. The power system control, data acquisition and transferring is completed by the single chip in the testing process. VB program is used for the upper computer which possesses the high visualization, flexibility and has the friendly operator interface. C51 program is used for the lower single chip and blocking structure design to enhance the reliability and extensibility.
After the properties analysis of intelligent control system of fertilizer tester, it has the following characteristics:
1) Designed a specific fertilizer tester with intelligent control system to improve the detecting technology of fertilizer facilities.
2) The actual working situation of farming machine is simulated by changing the speed of stepper motor and the adaptability of fertilizer feeder for various condition of farmland during different speed can be better reflected through this simulation.
3) The actual weight of fertilizer can be gained by sampling the fertilizer falling on the tray with weighing sensor, so the fertilizing effort referring to uniformity and accuracy of the fertilizer feeder can be accurately detected. This method can effectively overcome the defects of the photoelectric method and high-speed photographic method which could only detect the existence of falling breaks and can not accurately acquire the falling condition of fertilizer.
系统的设计在硬件设计方面采用两级计算机控制的设计方法,由上位机(计算机)和下位机(单片机)构成。计算机实现对各项参数的设置和对最终数据的处理;单片机完成检测过程中的数据采集、传送和动力系统的控制任务。在软件设计方面,上位机采用适应性强、可视化的VB语言编程,使程序简单、清晰,操作界面友好;下位机用单片机C51编程,采用模块化的结构设计,提高了可靠性和可扩展性。
本文通过对排肥器试验台智能控制系统的试验研究分析,其性能具有以下特点:
1)设计了专用的排肥器试验台智能控制系统,改善了用播种器试验台测试排肥器性能的状况。
2)通过改变步进电机的转速来模拟机具在田间作业时的实际状况,更能体现了排肥器对不同地块和肥料的适应性。
3)系统用称重传感器对下落到托盘上的肥料进行采样,得到肥料的实际重量。从而可以从量上精确检测排肥器的均匀性和精确度。克服了光电法、高速摄影法等方法只能检测出肥料是否有断行,或只能从图像上得到肥料的下落状况,无法从量上精确把握肥料的下落情况。
With the development of precision agriculture, precision fertilization requires more and more about the performance of fertilizing plant as an important component of precision agriculture. Fertilizer feeder is the core component of precise fertilizing plant and its property is the key for the realizing of precise fertilization. How to accurately detect the quality of fertilizer feeder is one prerequisite of precise feeding and also one key point of precise fertilizer feeder design and exploration. But nowadays no special tester for the performance of fertilizer feeder has been designed or reported. This paper designs a new property tester of fertilizer feeder which possesses many advantages such as optimum structure, reliable performance and fast running.
The structure of new fertilizer feeder tester is illustrated as following: the fertilizing shaft is driven by a stepper motor, the actual working situation of farming machine is simulated by changing the speed of stepper motor, the fertilizer falling on the tray is sampled by the weighing sensor, the cubic spline interpolation method is used for the sampling data processing, then the relationship charts of flow with timing and flow with distance respectively are finally obtained.
An intelligent control system is designed in this study. Two stage computer control is introduced which consists of PC as upper computer and single chip as lower computer. Various parameters are set and final data are processed by the computers. The power system control, data acquisition and transferring is completed by the single chip in the testing process. VB program is used for the upper computer which possesses the high visualization, flexibility and has the friendly operator interface. C51 program is used for the lower single chip and blocking structure design to enhance the reliability and extensibility.
After the properties analysis of intelligent control system of fertilizer tester, it has the following characteristics:
1) Designed a specific fertilizer tester with intelligent control system to improve the detecting technology of fertilizer facilities.
2) The actual working situation of farming machine is simulated by changing the speed of stepper motor and the adaptability of fertilizer feeder for various condition of farmland during different speed can be better reflected through this simulation.
3) The actual weight of fertilizer can be gained by sampling the fertilizer falling on the tray with weighing sensor, so the fertilizing effort referring to uniformity and accuracy of the fertilizer feeder can be accurately detected. This method can effectively overcome the defects of the photoelectric method and high-speed photographic method which could only detect the existence of falling breaks and can not accurately acquire the falling condition of fertilizer.
引文
[1]梁恒录,张元禄.机械深施肥技术的研究及应用[J].农机化研究,1987,(1):16-30.
[2]赵法箴.玉米分层深施试验及机械施肥技术的研究及应用[J].农机化研究,1996, (4):62-63
[3]张耀国,曹成茂.化肥深施对作物产量的影响[J].安徽农业大学学报,2000, 27 (3).
[4]陈芳.新型型齿式排肥器[J].湖北农机化,2005, (4):35.
[5]陶文兵.锥盘——弹击式通用排肥器研究[J].湖北农机化,2002, (2):23-24.
[6]李宝筏.农业机械学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003.
[7]张波屏编.播种机械设计原理[M].机械工业出版社,1992.
[8] R.A.凯普纳[美],等.农业机械原理[M].机械工业出版社,1978.
[9]张波屏编.现代种植机械工程[M].机械工业出版社,1997.
[10]刘慎.弹性刮片式排肥器[J].农机情报资料,1983, (1):12-15.
[11]王素霞.国内外农机化施肥新技术扫描[J].北京农业,2005,(7):31-31.
[12]华国柱.当代农机实用新技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1988:924-926.
[13]杨得明.苏联近几年生产的一些小型施肥机械[J].吉林农村机械化,1987, (4):23-24.
[14] Bansal,12 .K[英].摆动槽式化肥排肥器的性能评价[J].J Agric Engng Res.1987, 36 (2):75-140
[15] A.E.Smith.Farm Machinery and Equipment[M], Third Edition, 1984.
[16]张德文.精密播种机械[M].北京:农业出版社,1982.
[17] GB6973-86单粒(精密)播种机试验方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1987.
[18]孙齐磊,张晓辉,牟家桂,等.排种器的机理及影响因素的研究[J].农机化研究,2002,(3):40—41.
[19]赵德金.精密排种器检测装置的现状与发展趋势[J].农机化研究, 2006, (7):5-7.
[20]马爱丽.精密排种器性能指标检测统计计算软件开发与应用[J].农业装备技术,2007,,33 (1):19-22.
[21]袁月明.基于高速摄像的精密排种器性能检测的研究[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2003:12-23.
[22] Rogers J A. Preliminary Assessment of a Supersonics Seed Sowing Device. J.Agric.Engng Res,1997,(22):12-14.
[23]廖庆喜.高速摄影在精密排种器性能检测中的应用[J].华中农业大学学报,2004,(5):570-573.
[24]马旭.用图像处理技术检测精密排种器性能[J].农业机械学报,200l,(4):34—37.
[25] H. J. Olsen. Determination of row position in small-grain crops by analysisof video images[J].Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 1995,12(2): 147-162.
[26]赵立业.精密排种器虚拟仪器检测系统研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2002:7-31.
[27]胡少兴.基于计算机视觉的排种器性能检测技术[D].长春:吉林大学,2001:23-40.
[28]胡少兴.采用图像处理检测排种器充填性能[J].农业工程学报,2002,29(5):56—59.
[29]丁元法.精密播种机的现状与发展趋势[J].山东农机,200l,(6):3-5.
[30]郭怀天,李宝华,赵玉侠,曹彦波.基于电阻应变式传感器的电子天平的研制[J].微计算机信息,2007,( 6):140-142.
[31]王化祥,张淑英.传感器原理及应用(修订版)[M].天津大学出版社,2001.
[32]马鸿文.基于AT89C51单片机的电子计价秤的设计与实现[J].微计算机信息,2005,21(12-2):96.
[33]苏堡莹,金伟,曹建伟等.高精度力传感器信号直接数字化技术研究[J].机电工程,2005,22(5):19-22.
[34]张鑫,等.单片机原理及应用[M].电子工业出版社,2005,8.
[35]刘文涛.MCS51单片机培训教程[M].电子工业出版社,2005,8.
[36]陈立周,陈宇.单片机原理及其应用[M].机械工业出版社,2006,8.
[37]张友德,赵志英,涂时亮.单片微型机原理,应用与实验[M].复旦大学出版社,2006,5.
[38]李海涛.PIC单片机应用开发典型模块[M].人民邮电出版社,2007,11.
[39]陈小忠,等.单片机接口技术与实用子程序[M].人民邮电出版社,2005,9.
[40]崔光照,等.单片机原理与接口技术[M].北京邮电大学出版社,2005,10.
[41]田希晖,等.C51单片机技术教程[M].人民邮电出版社,2007,10.
[42]刘萍.数值计算方法[M].人民邮电出版社,2007.6.
[43]杨刚.数值分析全析精解(清华·第四版)[M].西北工业大学出版社,2007,06.
[44]李庆扬.数值分析[M].清华大学出版社,2006,7.
[45]刘春凤.实用数值分析教程[M].冶金工业出版社, 2006,4.
[46]杨万利,牛庆银,董玉才,等.数值分析教程[M].国防工业出版社,2004 ,5.
[47]刘长安.数值分析教程[M].西北工业大学出版社,2005,8.
[48]高益明.计算方法[M].中央电大出版社出版,2006,3.
[49]龚运新.单片机C语言开发技术[M].清华大学出版社,2006,10.
[50]徐玮,徐富军,沈建良,等.C51单片机高效入门[M].机械工业出版社, 2007,1.
[51]范风强.单片机语言C51应用实战集锦(第二版)[M].电子工业出版社,2005,05.
[52]刘文涛.单片机语言C51程序设计[M].人民邮电出版社,2004,09.
[53]吴炳胜,等.80C51单片原理与应用技术[M].冶金工业出版社,2003,9.
[54]栗文雁,王威立,胡丰收,余泳昌.排肥器试验台智能控制系统的研究设计[J].农业装备与车辆工程,2009(4):26-28
[55] MAX1116英文说明书.
[2]赵法箴.玉米分层深施试验及机械施肥技术的研究及应用[J].农机化研究,1996, (4):62-63
[3]张耀国,曹成茂.化肥深施对作物产量的影响[J].安徽农业大学学报,2000, 27 (3).
[4]陈芳.新型型齿式排肥器[J].湖北农机化,2005, (4):35.
[5]陶文兵.锥盘——弹击式通用排肥器研究[J].湖北农机化,2002, (2):23-24.
[6]李宝筏.农业机械学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003.
[7]张波屏编.播种机械设计原理[M].机械工业出版社,1992.
[8] R.A.凯普纳[美],等.农业机械原理[M].机械工业出版社,1978.
[9]张波屏编.现代种植机械工程[M].机械工业出版社,1997.
[10]刘慎.弹性刮片式排肥器[J].农机情报资料,1983, (1):12-15.
[11]王素霞.国内外农机化施肥新技术扫描[J].北京农业,2005,(7):31-31.
[12]华国柱.当代农机实用新技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1988:924-926.
[13]杨得明.苏联近几年生产的一些小型施肥机械[J].吉林农村机械化,1987, (4):23-24.
[14] Bansal,12 .K[英].摆动槽式化肥排肥器的性能评价[J].J Agric Engng Res.1987, 36 (2):75-140
[15] A.E.Smith.Farm Machinery and Equipment[M], Third Edition, 1984.
[16]张德文.精密播种机械[M].北京:农业出版社,1982.
[17] GB6973-86单粒(精密)播种机试验方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1987.
[18]孙齐磊,张晓辉,牟家桂,等.排种器的机理及影响因素的研究[J].农机化研究,2002,(3):40—41.
[19]赵德金.精密排种器检测装置的现状与发展趋势[J].农机化研究, 2006, (7):5-7.
[20]马爱丽.精密排种器性能指标检测统计计算软件开发与应用[J].农业装备技术,2007,,33 (1):19-22.
[21]袁月明.基于高速摄像的精密排种器性能检测的研究[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2003:12-23.
[22] Rogers J A. Preliminary Assessment of a Supersonics Seed Sowing Device. J.Agric.Engng Res,1997,(22):12-14.
[23]廖庆喜.高速摄影在精密排种器性能检测中的应用[J].华中农业大学学报,2004,(5):570-573.
[24]马旭.用图像处理技术检测精密排种器性能[J].农业机械学报,200l,(4):34—37.
[25] H. J. Olsen. Determination of row position in small-grain crops by analysisof video images[J].Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 1995,12(2): 147-162.
[26]赵立业.精密排种器虚拟仪器检测系统研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2002:7-31.
[27]胡少兴.基于计算机视觉的排种器性能检测技术[D].长春:吉林大学,2001:23-40.
[28]胡少兴.采用图像处理检测排种器充填性能[J].农业工程学报,2002,29(5):56—59.
[29]丁元法.精密播种机的现状与发展趋势[J].山东农机,200l,(6):3-5.
[30]郭怀天,李宝华,赵玉侠,曹彦波.基于电阻应变式传感器的电子天平的研制[J].微计算机信息,2007,( 6):140-142.
[31]王化祥,张淑英.传感器原理及应用(修订版)[M].天津大学出版社,2001.
[32]马鸿文.基于AT89C51单片机的电子计价秤的设计与实现[J].微计算机信息,2005,21(12-2):96.
[33]苏堡莹,金伟,曹建伟等.高精度力传感器信号直接数字化技术研究[J].机电工程,2005,22(5):19-22.
[34]张鑫,等.单片机原理及应用[M].电子工业出版社,2005,8.
[35]刘文涛.MCS51单片机培训教程[M].电子工业出版社,2005,8.
[36]陈立周,陈宇.单片机原理及其应用[M].机械工业出版社,2006,8.
[37]张友德,赵志英,涂时亮.单片微型机原理,应用与实验[M].复旦大学出版社,2006,5.
[38]李海涛.PIC单片机应用开发典型模块[M].人民邮电出版社,2007,11.
[39]陈小忠,等.单片机接口技术与实用子程序[M].人民邮电出版社,2005,9.
[40]崔光照,等.单片机原理与接口技术[M].北京邮电大学出版社,2005,10.
[41]田希晖,等.C51单片机技术教程[M].人民邮电出版社,2007,10.
[42]刘萍.数值计算方法[M].人民邮电出版社,2007.6.
[43]杨刚.数值分析全析精解(清华·第四版)[M].西北工业大学出版社,2007,06.
[44]李庆扬.数值分析[M].清华大学出版社,2006,7.
[45]刘春凤.实用数值分析教程[M].冶金工业出版社, 2006,4.
[46]杨万利,牛庆银,董玉才,等.数值分析教程[M].国防工业出版社,2004 ,5.
[47]刘长安.数值分析教程[M].西北工业大学出版社,2005,8.
[48]高益明.计算方法[M].中央电大出版社出版,2006,3.
[49]龚运新.单片机C语言开发技术[M].清华大学出版社,2006,10.
[50]徐玮,徐富军,沈建良,等.C51单片机高效入门[M].机械工业出版社, 2007,1.
[51]范风强.单片机语言C51应用实战集锦(第二版)[M].电子工业出版社,2005,05.
[52]刘文涛.单片机语言C51程序设计[M].人民邮电出版社,2004,09.
[53]吴炳胜,等.80C51单片原理与应用技术[M].冶金工业出版社,2003,9.
[54]栗文雁,王威立,胡丰收,余泳昌.排肥器试验台智能控制系统的研究设计[J].农业装备与车辆工程,2009(4):26-28
[55] MAX1116英文说明书.
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