《喜福会》中母亲形象修辞学研究
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摘要
作为华裔美国文学的一个有影响力的作家,谭恩美在1989年出版了她最著名的小说《喜福会》。小说自从出版后受到了国内外广泛的关注并因此获得了很多奖项。众所周知,小说成功的一个最大因素就是对于四位中国母亲形象的成功塑造。于是,大量研究人员和评论家开始从各个角度来研究小说中的母亲形象,但是他们的研究相对狭窄,主要着眼于文化,政治,女权和后殖民主义视角。
本篇论文采用詹姆斯·费伦和李建军的小说修辞学理论来分析母亲形象是一种新的尝试。李建军批判性的继承了小说修辞学的奠基人韦恩布思的修辞学理论并在此基础上提出了自己的观点。他将修辞技巧分成宏观和微观,并进一步指出修辞性叙事技巧归为宏观修辞,而我们平时所见的修辞格作为微观修辞。詹姆斯·费伦提出的叙事进程理论为论文提供了主要的修辞性叙事技巧。因此,论文将宏观和微观结合起来全面地揭示母亲形象,即小说中的母亲形象是一种从处于中美文化夹缝中生存的“他者”形象到对抗主流文化,打破刻板化印象,要求掌握话语权的自我“主体”形象的建构。
此篇论文所采用的修辞学视角也是对华裔美国文学研究的最新趋势的一种响应,即,关注其文学性的研究,包括细读文本,分析结构,评价文本的审美价值。与此同时,希望为研究小说中的人物形象提供一种新的方法。
Amy Tan, as an influential writer in the CA (Chinese American) literature, published her most famous novel The Joy Luck Club in 1989. Since it was published, it has won several awards and attracted wide attention at abroad and home. As we all know that one of great successful reasons of the novel is the creating of four Chinese mother images. And then, many researchers and commentators started to do some research on the mother images from different perspectives, but their research was relatively narrow, which were mainly from the cultural, political, feminist and post-colonist perspectives, etc.
However, this thesis adopts the rhetorical theory of James Phelen and Li Jianjun to analyze the mother images, which is a new attempt. Li Jianjun inherits critically the theory of Wayne Booth, who is the founder of rhetorical theory of novel, and put forward his own point of view. He divides the rhetorical techniques into macro-rhetorical level and micro-rhetorical and further points out that the rhetorical narrative techniques are classified as macro-rhetorical techniques while common figures of speech are classified as micro-rhetorical techniques. James Phelan put forward the theory of narrative process, which provided the main rhetorical narrative techniques.
Therefore, the thesis combines them to reveal the mother's image comprehensively, that is, the image from the“other”who survived between Chinese and American culture to the building of self-images who fought against the mainstream culture, broke the stereotype impression, and mastered the rights of speaking.
This thesis which adopts the rhetorical perspective is also a response to the latest trends in the research on CA Literature, that is, we should pay attention to the exploration of its literary characteristic, including reading the text, analyzing its structure and evaluating the aesthetic value. At the same time, it is hoped to provide a new approach to analyze the character’s image in the novel.
本篇论文采用詹姆斯·费伦和李建军的小说修辞学理论来分析母亲形象是一种新的尝试。李建军批判性的继承了小说修辞学的奠基人韦恩布思的修辞学理论并在此基础上提出了自己的观点。他将修辞技巧分成宏观和微观,并进一步指出修辞性叙事技巧归为宏观修辞,而我们平时所见的修辞格作为微观修辞。詹姆斯·费伦提出的叙事进程理论为论文提供了主要的修辞性叙事技巧。因此,论文将宏观和微观结合起来全面地揭示母亲形象,即小说中的母亲形象是一种从处于中美文化夹缝中生存的“他者”形象到对抗主流文化,打破刻板化印象,要求掌握话语权的自我“主体”形象的建构。
此篇论文所采用的修辞学视角也是对华裔美国文学研究的最新趋势的一种响应,即,关注其文学性的研究,包括细读文本,分析结构,评价文本的审美价值。与此同时,希望为研究小说中的人物形象提供一种新的方法。
Amy Tan, as an influential writer in the CA (Chinese American) literature, published her most famous novel The Joy Luck Club in 1989. Since it was published, it has won several awards and attracted wide attention at abroad and home. As we all know that one of great successful reasons of the novel is the creating of four Chinese mother images. And then, many researchers and commentators started to do some research on the mother images from different perspectives, but their research was relatively narrow, which were mainly from the cultural, political, feminist and post-colonist perspectives, etc.
However, this thesis adopts the rhetorical theory of James Phelen and Li Jianjun to analyze the mother images, which is a new attempt. Li Jianjun inherits critically the theory of Wayne Booth, who is the founder of rhetorical theory of novel, and put forward his own point of view. He divides the rhetorical techniques into macro-rhetorical level and micro-rhetorical and further points out that the rhetorical narrative techniques are classified as macro-rhetorical techniques while common figures of speech are classified as micro-rhetorical techniques. James Phelan put forward the theory of narrative process, which provided the main rhetorical narrative techniques.
Therefore, the thesis combines them to reveal the mother's image comprehensively, that is, the image from the“other”who survived between Chinese and American culture to the building of self-images who fought against the mainstream culture, broke the stereotype impression, and mastered the rights of speaking.
This thesis which adopts the rhetorical perspective is also a response to the latest trends in the research on CA Literature, that is, we should pay attention to the exploration of its literary characteristic, including reading the text, analyzing its structure and evaluating the aesthetic value. At the same time, it is hoped to provide a new approach to analyze the character’s image in the novel.
引文
[1] Aristotle (trans. Joe Sachs) (2006). Poetics [M]. New Jersey: Focus Philosophical Library, Pullins Pr..
[2] Baker, John F. (1997). Fresh Voices, New Audiences [J]. Publishers Weekly (Issue32/Vol.240), 8, 46-47.
[3] Ben, Xu (1994). Memory and the Ethnic Self: Reading Amy Tan’s The Joy Luck Club [J]. MELUS (Issue1/Vol.19), 3, 55-58.
[4] Cao, Tianfei (2007). On the Narrative Methods of The Joy Luck Club [D]. Shenyang: Liao Ning University.
[5] Catherine, Romagnolo (2003). Narrative Beginnings in Amy Tan’s the Joy Luck Club: a Feminist Study [J]. Studies in the Novel (Issue1/Vol. 35), 3, 24-26.
[6] Chin, Frank.et.al. (ed.) (1991). The Big Aiiieeee: An Anthology of Chinese-American Literature and Japanese-American Literature [C]. New York: Meridian.
[7] Chris, Baldick (2000). Oxford Concise Dictionary of Literary Terms [Z]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
[8] David, Denby. (1993). The Good Enough Mother [J]. New York (Issue37/Vol.26), 9, 54-55.
[9] David, Lodge (1998). The Art of Novel [M]. Beijing: The Writers Publishing House.
[10] H., Porter, Abbott (2002). The Cambridge Introduction to Narrative [M]. England: Cambridge University Press.
[11] James, A. H. (1993). The Oxford Concise Dictionary of Current English [Z]. London: Cambridge University Pre..
[12] James, Phelan (Trans. Chen Yongguo) (2002). Narrative as Rhetoric [M]. Beijing: Peking University Press.
[13] Janet, Maslin (1999). And Mom, Another Thing: When Will You Grow UP? [J]. New York Times, 11, 26-28.
[14] Jin, Yin (2005). Constructing the Other: A Critical Reading of the Joy Luck Club [J]. Howard Journal of Communications (Issue3/Vol.16), 9, 45-49.
[15] Jonathan, D. Culler (1976). Structuralist Poetics: Structuralism, Linguistics, and the Study of Literature [M]. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
[16] Klein, Alvin (1997). Mothers, Daughters, China and America [J]. New York Times, 5, 29.
[17] Koening, R. (1989). Heirloom China [J]. New York (Issue11/Vol.22), 3, 17-19.
[18] Lin, Liucheng (ed.) (2004). An Approach to Novel [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
[19] Patricia, L., Hamilton (1999). Feng Shui, Astrology, and the Five Elements: Traditional Chinese Belief IN Amy Tan’s The Joy Luck Club [J]. MELUS (Issue2/Vol.24), 8, 56-58.
[20] Schell, Orvillie (1989). Your Mother is in Your Bones [J]. New York Times Review, 3, 67-69.
[21] Skow, J. (1989). Tiger Ladies [J]. Time (Vol.133), 3, 34-37.
[22] Susan, Lanser (1991). Novels of Writerity: Women Writers and Narrative Voice [M]. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
[23] Tan, Amy (1993). The Joy Luck Club [M]. New York: Ballantine Books.
[24] Wang Huiya (2006). The Eternal Mother-daughter Love: Symbolism in Amy Tan’s The Joy Luck Club [D]. Jin Hua: Zhe Jiang Normal University.
[25] Wanyn, C. Booth (1983). The Rhetoric of Novel [M]. Chicago: the University of Chicago Press.
[26] Watt, Ian., P (Trans. Gao Yuan and Dong Hongjun) (1992). The Rise of the Novel [M]. Beijing: SDX Joint Publishing Company.
[27] Webster, Merriam (1996). The Merriam-Webster Dictionary [Z]. Beijing: World Publishing Company.
[28] Young, P. (1991). Mother with A Past [J]. Maclean (Issue28/Vol.104), 7, 26-28.
[29] Zeng, Li (2003). Diasporic Self, Cultural Other: Negotiating Ethnicity through Transformation in the Novel of Tan and Kingston [J]. Language & Literature (Issue15/Vol.28), 5, 56-58.
[30] Zhang, Yuting (2007). The Application of CIN (Conceptual Integration Network) Model to The Analysis of the Novel Metaphors in The Joy Luck Club [D]. Da Lian: Da Lian University of Technology.
[31]程爱民(2001).论谭恩美小说中的母亲形象及母女关系的文化内涵[J].南京师范大学学报(社会科学版), (4):107-112.
[32]郭辉(2009).从女性主义角度分析《喜福会》里素云的形象[J].科技信息(人文社科专栏), (32):59.
[33]龚蕴华,张放(2008).解读《喜福会》中的女性形象[J].科技信息(人文社科专栏), (28):128-129.
[34]胡亚敏(2001).当今移民的新角色:论《喜福会》中华裔对其文化身份的新认知[J].外国文学, (3):73-76.
[35]李慧(2006).“叙事作为修辞”的理论研究[D].东北师范大学.
[36]李建军(2003).小说修辞研究[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社.
[37]刘燕(2009).后殖民女性主义视角下《喜福会》中的母亲形象[J].重庆科技学院学报(社会科学版), (7):125-126.
[38]陆薇(2000).从话语的消失看《喜福会》中主体的重建[J].四川外语学院学报, (4):18-22.
[39]马桂芳(2009).詹姆斯·费伦修辞性叙事理论研究[D].福建师范大学.
[40]申丹(2004).叙述学与小说文体学研究[M].北京:北京大学出版社.
[41]孙景欣(2009 ) .不同文化背景下对女性身份的认识和抗争——解读《喜福会》中的安梅母女三代[J].外国文学研究, (5):130-131.
[42]孙胜忠(2007).质疑华裔美国文学研究中的“唯文化批评”[J].外国文学, (3):82-87.
[43]王潮(1996).后现代主义的突破[M].兰州:敦煌文艺出版社.
[44]王琨(2009).论《喜福会》中母亲的女性主义形象[J].当代文学, (5):90-92.
[45]王委艳(2007).修辞叙事学研究初探[D].兰州大学.
[46]肖峰(2003).论叙事作为修辞[D].重庆师范大学.
[47]肖霞(2005).解读《喜福会》中的“母亲”形象[J].山东教育学院学报, (3):61-62.
[48]张岚(2008).《喜福会》中母亲形象的颠覆与重塑[J].时代文学(下半月), (8)122-123.
[49]赵磊岩(2005).张爱玲与谭恩美作品中母亲形象比较[J].广西教育学院学报, (6):117-119.
[50]周艳(2007).《喜福会》的语言艺术与母亲形象的塑造[J].株洲师范高等专科学校学报, (6):36-37.
[2] Baker, John F. (1997). Fresh Voices, New Audiences [J]. Publishers Weekly (Issue32/Vol.240), 8, 46-47.
[3] Ben, Xu (1994). Memory and the Ethnic Self: Reading Amy Tan’s The Joy Luck Club [J]. MELUS (Issue1/Vol.19), 3, 55-58.
[4] Cao, Tianfei (2007). On the Narrative Methods of The Joy Luck Club [D]. Shenyang: Liao Ning University.
[5] Catherine, Romagnolo (2003). Narrative Beginnings in Amy Tan’s the Joy Luck Club: a Feminist Study [J]. Studies in the Novel (Issue1/Vol. 35), 3, 24-26.
[6] Chin, Frank.et.al. (ed.) (1991). The Big Aiiieeee: An Anthology of Chinese-American Literature and Japanese-American Literature [C]. New York: Meridian.
[7] Chris, Baldick (2000). Oxford Concise Dictionary of Literary Terms [Z]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
[8] David, Denby. (1993). The Good Enough Mother [J]. New York (Issue37/Vol.26), 9, 54-55.
[9] David, Lodge (1998). The Art of Novel [M]. Beijing: The Writers Publishing House.
[10] H., Porter, Abbott (2002). The Cambridge Introduction to Narrative [M]. England: Cambridge University Press.
[11] James, A. H. (1993). The Oxford Concise Dictionary of Current English [Z]. London: Cambridge University Pre..
[12] James, Phelan (Trans. Chen Yongguo) (2002). Narrative as Rhetoric [M]. Beijing: Peking University Press.
[13] Janet, Maslin (1999). And Mom, Another Thing: When Will You Grow UP? [J]. New York Times, 11, 26-28.
[14] Jin, Yin (2005). Constructing the Other: A Critical Reading of the Joy Luck Club [J]. Howard Journal of Communications (Issue3/Vol.16), 9, 45-49.
[15] Jonathan, D. Culler (1976). Structuralist Poetics: Structuralism, Linguistics, and the Study of Literature [M]. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
[16] Klein, Alvin (1997). Mothers, Daughters, China and America [J]. New York Times, 5, 29.
[17] Koening, R. (1989). Heirloom China [J]. New York (Issue11/Vol.22), 3, 17-19.
[18] Lin, Liucheng (ed.) (2004). An Approach to Novel [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
[19] Patricia, L., Hamilton (1999). Feng Shui, Astrology, and the Five Elements: Traditional Chinese Belief IN Amy Tan’s The Joy Luck Club [J]. MELUS (Issue2/Vol.24), 8, 56-58.
[20] Schell, Orvillie (1989). Your Mother is in Your Bones [J]. New York Times Review, 3, 67-69.
[21] Skow, J. (1989). Tiger Ladies [J]. Time (Vol.133), 3, 34-37.
[22] Susan, Lanser (1991). Novels of Writerity: Women Writers and Narrative Voice [M]. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
[23] Tan, Amy (1993). The Joy Luck Club [M]. New York: Ballantine Books.
[24] Wang Huiya (2006). The Eternal Mother-daughter Love: Symbolism in Amy Tan’s The Joy Luck Club [D]. Jin Hua: Zhe Jiang Normal University.
[25] Wanyn, C. Booth (1983). The Rhetoric of Novel [M]. Chicago: the University of Chicago Press.
[26] Watt, Ian., P (Trans. Gao Yuan and Dong Hongjun) (1992). The Rise of the Novel [M]. Beijing: SDX Joint Publishing Company.
[27] Webster, Merriam (1996). The Merriam-Webster Dictionary [Z]. Beijing: World Publishing Company.
[28] Young, P. (1991). Mother with A Past [J]. Maclean (Issue28/Vol.104), 7, 26-28.
[29] Zeng, Li (2003). Diasporic Self, Cultural Other: Negotiating Ethnicity through Transformation in the Novel of Tan and Kingston [J]. Language & Literature (Issue15/Vol.28), 5, 56-58.
[30] Zhang, Yuting (2007). The Application of CIN (Conceptual Integration Network) Model to The Analysis of the Novel Metaphors in The Joy Luck Club [D]. Da Lian: Da Lian University of Technology.
[31]程爱民(2001).论谭恩美小说中的母亲形象及母女关系的文化内涵[J].南京师范大学学报(社会科学版), (4):107-112.
[32]郭辉(2009).从女性主义角度分析《喜福会》里素云的形象[J].科技信息(人文社科专栏), (32):59.
[33]龚蕴华,张放(2008).解读《喜福会》中的女性形象[J].科技信息(人文社科专栏), (28):128-129.
[34]胡亚敏(2001).当今移民的新角色:论《喜福会》中华裔对其文化身份的新认知[J].外国文学, (3):73-76.
[35]李慧(2006).“叙事作为修辞”的理论研究[D].东北师范大学.
[36]李建军(2003).小说修辞研究[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社.
[37]刘燕(2009).后殖民女性主义视角下《喜福会》中的母亲形象[J].重庆科技学院学报(社会科学版), (7):125-126.
[38]陆薇(2000).从话语的消失看《喜福会》中主体的重建[J].四川外语学院学报, (4):18-22.
[39]马桂芳(2009).詹姆斯·费伦修辞性叙事理论研究[D].福建师范大学.
[40]申丹(2004).叙述学与小说文体学研究[M].北京:北京大学出版社.
[41]孙景欣(2009 ) .不同文化背景下对女性身份的认识和抗争——解读《喜福会》中的安梅母女三代[J].外国文学研究, (5):130-131.
[42]孙胜忠(2007).质疑华裔美国文学研究中的“唯文化批评”[J].外国文学, (3):82-87.
[43]王潮(1996).后现代主义的突破[M].兰州:敦煌文艺出版社.
[44]王琨(2009).论《喜福会》中母亲的女性主义形象[J].当代文学, (5):90-92.
[45]王委艳(2007).修辞叙事学研究初探[D].兰州大学.
[46]肖峰(2003).论叙事作为修辞[D].重庆师范大学.
[47]肖霞(2005).解读《喜福会》中的“母亲”形象[J].山东教育学院学报, (3):61-62.
[48]张岚(2008).《喜福会》中母亲形象的颠覆与重塑[J].时代文学(下半月), (8)122-123.
[49]赵磊岩(2005).张爱玲与谭恩美作品中母亲形象比较[J].广西教育学院学报, (6):117-119.
[50]周艳(2007).《喜福会》的语言艺术与母亲形象的塑造[J].株洲师范高等专科学校学报, (6):36-37.