《许三观卖血记》英语译文的元功能分析
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摘要
自二十世纪六十年代Halliday创立了系统功能语法以来,国内外学者先后将功能语法应用于不同语体的研究,如对新闻、广告、翻译等。近年来,又有学者把功能语法应用于文学的欣赏与研究,并且日益受到了人们的关注。
本文尝试以功能语法为分析工具,以我国当代著名作家余华的《许三观卖血记》为研究文本,通过对及物系统、语气和语态系统,以及主位和衔接系统的详尽分析,揭示作品的主题与结构以及作品中人物性格、人物关系及黑色幽默的特点。论文以三大纯理功能为理论框架。概念功能方面,论文分析了及物系统中几个主要过程,以期探寻小说中主要人物的性格特点,同时通过分析反映出黑色幽默在该文本中的特征。在人际功能方面,论文主要从语气系统、情态系统方面进行分析,从而揭示来自不同社会背景的人物之间的关系；通过对语气及情态的分析同样解释了黑色幽默在本文本中的特点。语篇功能方面,论文主要从主位系统进行分析。通过主位分析,小说的逻辑结构变得清晰,而对衔接系统的分析说明了本文本的语言特点,如重复。
此外,在分析过程中,论文充分验证了系统功能语法在文学研究方面的实用性和可操作性,有助于读者对《许三观卖血记》的理解和欣赏,并为相关的文学研究提供一个参考和新的研究视角。
Since the establishment of Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) by Halliday in 1960s, scholars both at home and abroad have applied it to many various styles of discourse analysis, such as news, advertising texts, and translation. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the analysis of literature by the means of SFG among scholars.
This thesis attempts to employ functional grammar as the tool of analysis and Chronicle of A Blood Merchant as text which is a most successful fiction written by Yu Hua, a representative of "avant-garde" writers in contemporary China. Through a detailed analysis of the transitivity system, mood and modality system, thematisation and cohesion system, the features of the characters, their relations and black humor as well as the theme and structure in the novel are revealed. The thesis is structured within the frame of the three metafunctions. In terms of the ideational function, the main processes of the transitivity system are analyzed to explore the features of the two main characters and black humor in this novel. In respect of interpersonal function, mood and modality system are mainly involved in the analysis, from which the relationship among characters of different social backgrounds are revealed. Besides, the features of black humor are explained likewise through mood and modality analysis. As for the textural function, the thesis mainly analyzes it from the point of view of theme choices and cohesion devices. With thematic analysis, the logical structure of the novel becomes clear. Meanwhile, the cohesion analysis shows the characteristics of the language such as repetition in the text.
In addition, the analysis in the thesis itself testifies that SFG is of great power of application and manipulation in literature study. It provides us with a better comprehension and appreciation of Chronicle of A Blood Merchant as well as a new platform and reference for other relevant literature study.
本文尝试以功能语法为分析工具,以我国当代著名作家余华的《许三观卖血记》为研究文本,通过对及物系统、语气和语态系统,以及主位和衔接系统的详尽分析,揭示作品的主题与结构以及作品中人物性格、人物关系及黑色幽默的特点。论文以三大纯理功能为理论框架。概念功能方面,论文分析了及物系统中几个主要过程,以期探寻小说中主要人物的性格特点,同时通过分析反映出黑色幽默在该文本中的特征。在人际功能方面,论文主要从语气系统、情态系统方面进行分析,从而揭示来自不同社会背景的人物之间的关系；通过对语气及情态的分析同样解释了黑色幽默在本文本中的特点。语篇功能方面,论文主要从主位系统进行分析。通过主位分析,小说的逻辑结构变得清晰,而对衔接系统的分析说明了本文本的语言特点,如重复。
此外,在分析过程中,论文充分验证了系统功能语法在文学研究方面的实用性和可操作性,有助于读者对《许三观卖血记》的理解和欣赏,并为相关的文学研究提供一个参考和新的研究视角。
Since the establishment of Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) by Halliday in 1960s, scholars both at home and abroad have applied it to many various styles of discourse analysis, such as news, advertising texts, and translation. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the analysis of literature by the means of SFG among scholars.
This thesis attempts to employ functional grammar as the tool of analysis and Chronicle of A Blood Merchant as text which is a most successful fiction written by Yu Hua, a representative of "avant-garde" writers in contemporary China. Through a detailed analysis of the transitivity system, mood and modality system, thematisation and cohesion system, the features of the characters, their relations and black humor as well as the theme and structure in the novel are revealed. The thesis is structured within the frame of the three metafunctions. In terms of the ideational function, the main processes of the transitivity system are analyzed to explore the features of the two main characters and black humor in this novel. In respect of interpersonal function, mood and modality system are mainly involved in the analysis, from which the relationship among characters of different social backgrounds are revealed. Besides, the features of black humor are explained likewise through mood and modality analysis. As for the textural function, the thesis mainly analyzes it from the point of view of theme choices and cohesion devices. With thematic analysis, the logical structure of the novel becomes clear. Meanwhile, the cohesion analysis shows the characteristics of the language such as repetition in the text.
In addition, the analysis in the thesis itself testifies that SFG is of great power of application and manipulation in literature study. It provides us with a better comprehension and appreciation of Chronicle of A Blood Merchant as well as a new platform and reference for other relevant literature study.
引文
A, Ming.[阿明],2006.余华：从小镇牙医到中国文坛顶尖人物[J].校园心理
An, Jie.[安洁],2001.of Black Humor-Background, Origin Themes, Narrative Strategies and Artistic Techniques [J]. Normal University
Booz, Elisabeth B.1982.A Brief Introduction to Modern American Literature [M].Shanghai: Foreign Education Press.
Brown, G & G.Yule.1983. Discourse Analysis [M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press
Bulter, C.S.1985.Systemic Linguistics:Theory and Application [M]. London:Oxford.
Chang,Y.[常耀信],2001.美国文学选读[M].天津：南开大学出版社
Cheng, X.[程晓堂],2002.从主位结构看学生英语作文的衔接与连贯[J].山东师大外国语学院学报
Dai, J.[戴绛].2003.《许三观卖血记》的思想意义与艺术特色[J].陕西教育学院学报
Eggins, Suzanne.1994. An Introduction to Systemic Functional Linguitics [M]. London: Oxford.
Greiner, D. J.1965. Foreward to Black Humor [J]. New York:Bantem Bilks.
Halliday, M.A.K.1973. Exploration in the Function of Language [M].London:Edward Arnold
Halliday, M.A.K.&Hasan,R.1976.Cohesion in English[M].London:Longman
Halliday, M.A.K.1994.An Introduction to Functional Grammar[M].London:Edward Arnold
Hasan,R.&Fries.P.1995.On Subject and Theme:A Discourse Functional Perspective[M]. Amsterdam:Benjamin Publication Company
Horton, W.& W Edwards.1974. Background of American Literary Thought. [M] London: Prentice -Hall Inc.
Hu, Z.& Zhu, Y. Zhang, D.[胡壮麟,朱永生,张德禄],1989.系统功能语法概论[M].湖南：湖南教育出版社
Hu,Z.[胡壮麟],1994.语篇衔接与连贯[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社
Hu,Z.[胡壮麟],2000.功能主义纵横谈[M].北京：外语教学语言与研究出版社
Huang, G.[黄国文],1988.语篇分析概要[M].长沙：湖南教育出版社
Huang, G.[黄国文],2001.功能语篇分析纵横谈[J].外语与外语教学
J.R.Firth.1992. English Text:System and Structure [M]. Amsterdam:Bejamins
Li,T.[李涛],2005.《马丁伊登》的功能语篇分析[J].湖南科技学院学报
Liu, S.& Sun, X. Jin, X.[刘淑英,孙雪娥,金晓红],2008.论黑色幽默与传统幽默的区别[J]商洛学院学报
Shiffrin, D.1994. Approaches to Discourse [M].Oxford:Black-well.
Sun,Q.[孙庆梅],2006.《白象似的群山》系统功能分析[J]黑龙江教育学院学报
Thompson,G.2000.Introducing Functional Grammar[M].Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
Xu,J.[徐济民],2009.余华小说的语言特色[J].东京文学
Wang, P.[王萍],余华作品语言研究综述[J].牡丹江教育学院学报.
Wang, X.[王霞],2005.《警察与赞美诗》的功能语篇分析[J].山东外国语学报
Wang, X.[汪小玲],2006.美国黑色幽默小说研究[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社
Wang, W.[王委艳],2006.生命的支点——余华《许三观卖血记》结构分析[J].荆门职业技术学院学报
Yin,J[尹婧],2007.论余华小说黑色幽默风格的流变[J].高等函授学报
Zhang, D.[张德禄],2001.论衔接[J].外国语
Zhao, Y. H.1991. Contemporary Chinese Literature [J]. World Literature Today. University of Oklahoma
An, Jie.[安洁],2001.of Black Humor-Background, Origin Themes, Narrative Strategies and Artistic Techniques [J]. Normal University
Booz, Elisabeth B.1982.A Brief Introduction to Modern American Literature [M].Shanghai: Foreign Education Press.
Brown, G & G.Yule.1983. Discourse Analysis [M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press
Bulter, C.S.1985.Systemic Linguistics:Theory and Application [M]. London:Oxford.
Chang,Y.[常耀信],2001.美国文学选读[M].天津：南开大学出版社
Cheng, X.[程晓堂],2002.从主位结构看学生英语作文的衔接与连贯[J].山东师大外国语学院学报
Dai, J.[戴绛].2003.《许三观卖血记》的思想意义与艺术特色[J].陕西教育学院学报
Eggins, Suzanne.1994. An Introduction to Systemic Functional Linguitics [M]. London: Oxford.
Greiner, D. J.1965. Foreward to Black Humor [J]. New York:Bantem Bilks.
Halliday, M.A.K.1973. Exploration in the Function of Language [M].London:Edward Arnold
Halliday, M.A.K.&Hasan,R.1976.Cohesion in English[M].London:Longman
Halliday, M.A.K.1994.An Introduction to Functional Grammar[M].London:Edward Arnold
Hasan,R.&Fries.P.1995.On Subject and Theme:A Discourse Functional Perspective[M]. Amsterdam:Benjamin Publication Company
Horton, W.& W Edwards.1974. Background of American Literary Thought. [M] London: Prentice -Hall Inc.
Hu, Z.& Zhu, Y. Zhang, D.[胡壮麟,朱永生,张德禄],1989.系统功能语法概论[M].湖南：湖南教育出版社
Hu,Z.[胡壮麟],1994.语篇衔接与连贯[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社
Hu,Z.[胡壮麟],2000.功能主义纵横谈[M].北京：外语教学语言与研究出版社
Huang, G.[黄国文],1988.语篇分析概要[M].长沙：湖南教育出版社
Huang, G.[黄国文],2001.功能语篇分析纵横谈[J].外语与外语教学
J.R.Firth.1992. English Text:System and Structure [M]. Amsterdam:Bejamins
Li,T.[李涛],2005.《马丁伊登》的功能语篇分析[J].湖南科技学院学报
Liu, S.& Sun, X. Jin, X.[刘淑英,孙雪娥,金晓红],2008.论黑色幽默与传统幽默的区别[J]商洛学院学报
Shiffrin, D.1994. Approaches to Discourse [M].Oxford:Black-well.
Sun,Q.[孙庆梅],2006.《白象似的群山》系统功能分析[J]黑龙江教育学院学报
Thompson,G.2000.Introducing Functional Grammar[M].Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
Xu,J.[徐济民],2009.余华小说的语言特色[J].东京文学
Wang, P.[王萍],余华作品语言研究综述[J].牡丹江教育学院学报.
Wang, X.[王霞],2005.《警察与赞美诗》的功能语篇分析[J].山东外国语学报
Wang, X.[汪小玲],2006.美国黑色幽默小说研究[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社
Wang, W.[王委艳],2006.生命的支点——余华《许三观卖血记》结构分析[J].荆门职业技术学院学报
Yin,J[尹婧],2007.论余华小说黑色幽默风格的流变[J].高等函授学报
Zhang, D.[张德禄],2001.论衔接[J].外国语
Zhao, Y. H.1991. Contemporary Chinese Literature [J]. World Literature Today. University of Oklahoma
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