生物腐植酸资源化处理猪场废水的应用研究
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摘要
有效处理并资源化利用逐渐成为解决猪场废水问题的重要方向。本实验基地养猪场(存栏1200头)用生物腐植酸产品QS发酵猪场废水并采用“猪-微-鱼-植”养殖模式进行生产,有效利用猪场废水的同时也取得了较好的经济效益。本论文以QS的应用效果为基础,一方面考察QS处理桶装猪场废水的发酵效果,探讨其作用机理,另一方面监测“猪-微-鱼-植”养殖模式各阶段的水质,分析该资源化处理模式的效果,最后考查QS中微生物的种类和数量并对其中功能微生物进行鉴定。以期为QS及“猪-微-鱼-植”资源化养殖模式的推广应用提供理论依据。实验结果如下:
1、以自然发酵(处理Ⅳ)为对照,分别用灭菌QS(处理Ⅰ)、QS(处理II)、活力菌(处理III)发酵桶装猪场废水。8天发酵期内的COD_(Cr)均呈下降趋势,去除率依次为39.21%、42.05%、33.09%、33.05%;NH_4~+-N浓度均呈上升趋势,增加率依次为16.5%、14.5%、13.7%、14.6%;各处理的PO43-/TP值的增加率依次为25.6%、31.3%、30.8%、27.7%;可培养微生物的数量均从107～108cfu/mL降至105cfu/mL;粪大肠菌群数均由108～109MPN/L降至106MPN/L。经统计分析,处理Ⅰ、II的COD_(Cr)去除率显著高于处理III、Ⅳ,其他参数值的变化各处理间无显著差异(α=0.05)。然而三批重复试验发现,处理II的COD_(Cr)去除率和PO43-/TP增加率始终最高。综合分析得出QS中的腐植酸成分和微生物均能在一定程度上促进废水有机质的降解。
2、应用QS处理发酵池猪场废水,发酵8天后COD_(Cr)去除率为70%～75%,NH_4~+-N增加率约为18%,TP去除率约为28%,PO_4~(3-)增加率为35.5%,可培养微生物总数维持在105cfu/mL,粪大肠菌群由10~7 MPN /L降至1.67×10~5 MPN /L。废水经过发酵后有机质和粪大肠菌群能得到一定程度的减少,小分子有机颗粒和速效氮、磷增加,有利于鱼塘的消化利用。
3、“猪-微-鱼”塘水的pH值为7.2～8.1;DO为4.6～6.6mg/L;可培养微生物总数约为104cfu/mL,粪大肠菌群为10000～25000MPN/L;NO_2--N浓度为0.1～0.3mg/L;NH_4~+-N浓度为0.9～1.3mg/L;TP浓度为0.6～0.9mg/L;COD_(Cr)浓度为70～90mg/L。“猪-鱼”塘水NH_4~+-N浓度为2.5～3.0mg/L; TP浓度为3.0～3.7 mg/L;COD_(Cr)浓度为130～150mg/L;粪大肠菌群数维持在105MPN/L。植物氧化沟水的COD_(Cr)浓度为10～40mg/L;NH_4~+-N浓度为0.9～1.3mg/L;NO_2~--N浓度为0.02～0.2mg/L;TP浓度为0.14～0.2mg/L;可培养微生物总数为103～104cfu/mL,粪大肠菌群为10~3～10~4MPN/L。
“猪-微-鱼”塘水各参数值基本能维持在安全范围内;“猪-鱼”塘水各参数值均高于“猪-微-鱼”塘水及鱼塘水质安全浓度,其生产上存在安全隐患;植物氧化沟水质最好,说明其可以发挥生态塘的功能进一步改良鱼塘水质。经分析得出“猪-微-鱼-植”养殖模式基本能保证鱼塘的安全生产。4、QS中可培养微生物总数为108cfu/g,对分离菌株进行功能性筛选得到10种细菌具有亚硝化能力、乐斯苯(1%)降解能力、五氯硝基苯(0.1%)降解能力、溶无机磷能力和拮抗粪大肠菌群能力。经鉴定这10种细菌分别属于栗褐芽孢杆菌(Bacillus badius)、蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)、地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus Licheniformis)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)、巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)和类芽孢杆菌属(Paenibacillus)。
The piggery wastewater has the characteristics of high ammonia, organism and suspending substances. How to treat them effectively and realize resource utilization have become important issues. The experimental base haogpen (amount of livestock:1200) used QS (a kind of biologic humic acids productions) to ferment piggery wastewater and obtained a great of economic benefits through“pig -fermention - fish - plant”ecological breeding model. According to the application effects of QS, this paper consists of the following three areas of study: 1. investigating the fermentation effects of QS on piggery wastewater 2. monitering the water quality of“pig-fermention-fish-plant”model and analyzing the effect of processing mode 3.investigating the types and quantities of microbes in QS and identifying of functional microbial to further explore the role of QS. The results are as follows:
1. In the experiment, there are four treatments .Afeter 8-day fermention, the CODCr removal values were 39.21%(Ⅰ), 42.05%(II), 33.09%(III), 33.05%(Ⅳ); NH4+-N concentrations were by an increase of 16.5%(Ⅰ), 14.5%(II), 13.7%(III), 14.6%(Ⅳ); total phosphorus(TP) values had no significant changes, but PO43- values were on upward trend, with the increase percentage of PO43-/TP values followed by 25.6%(Ⅰ), 31.3%(II), 30.8%(III), 27.7%(Ⅳ); All the quantity of culturable microorganism decreased from 107～108 cfu / mL to 105 cfu / mL and all the quantities of fecal coliform bacteria decreased from 108～109 MPN / L to 106 MPN / L.
According to statistical analysis, the CODCr removal percentages of treatmentⅠandIIwere significantly higher than those of treatment III andⅣ, and other parameters of treatments showed no significant differences(α=0.05). However, it could be found that the CODCr removal percentages and PO43-/TP value increase percentages of treatment II were higher than other treatments in three batches of tests.
2 Applying QS to piggery wastewater fermentation in field for 8 days, the changes of parameters were as follows: CODCr removal percentage, 70%～75%; NH4+-N increase percentage,18%;TP removal percentage,28 %; PO43-increase percentage ,35.5 %; the quantity of culturable microorganism ,105 cfu / mL,and the quantity of fecal coliform bacteria decreased from 107 MPN / L to 1.67×10~5 MPN / L.The organic matter in wastewater could be degraded effectively by fermentation,and the increase of available nitrogen and phosphorus was also beneficial to fishing.
3.The monitoring results of the water quality of“pig-microbial-fish”pound were as follows: the pH value , 7.2～8.1; the DO value , 4.6～6.6 mg/L; the concentrations of NO2--N, NH4+-N, TP, CODCr were 0.1～0.3mg/L, 0.9～1.3mg/L, 0.6～0.9mg/Land 70～90 mg/L respectively;the quantities of culturable microorganism and fecal coliform bacteria were 104 cfu / mL and 10000～25000 MPN / L.
The monitoring results of the water quality of“pig- fish”pound were as follows: the concentrations of NH4+-N, TP,CODCr were 2.5～3.0mg/L,3.0～3.7mg/L and 130～150mg/L respectively,and the quantity of fecal coliform bacteria was 105 MPN / L.
The monitoring results of oxidation plant ditch were as follows: the concentrations of CODCr, NH4+-N, NO2--N, TP were 10～40mg/L,0.9～1.3mg/L, 0.02～0.2mg/L and 0.14～0.2mg/L respectively. The quantities of culturable microorganism and fecal coliform bacteria were 103～104 cfu / mL and 103～104 MPN / L.
The monitoring results of“pig-microbial-fish”pound water meant that the parameter values were all in safe. All the datas of“pig- fish”pound water were much higher than those of“pig-microbial-fish”pound water and under fishing water safety standard.There were potential dangers of production existed in“pig- fish”pound. The ditch water was the best among the three pounds, and the oxidation ditch might play some ecological function to improve fish pound water quality. The“pig-microbial-fish-plant”ecological breeding model could guarantee the production safe basically.
4. QS contained culturable microorganisms with a total of 108 cfu / g and ten kinds of bacteria were released from the repeated strains, which had the ability of nitration, Chlorpyrifos (1%) degradation, Quintozene (0.1%) degradation, inorganic phosphorus solution and resistance against fecal coliform bacteria. They belonged to Bacillus badius, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus Licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus megaterium and Paenibacillus.
1、以自然发酵(处理Ⅳ)为对照,分别用灭菌QS(处理Ⅰ)、QS(处理II)、活力菌(处理III)发酵桶装猪场废水。8天发酵期内的COD_(Cr)均呈下降趋势,去除率依次为39.21%、42.05%、33.09%、33.05%;NH_4~+-N浓度均呈上升趋势,增加率依次为16.5%、14.5%、13.7%、14.6%;各处理的PO43-/TP值的增加率依次为25.6%、31.3%、30.8%、27.7%;可培养微生物的数量均从107～108cfu/mL降至105cfu/mL;粪大肠菌群数均由108～109MPN/L降至106MPN/L。经统计分析,处理Ⅰ、II的COD_(Cr)去除率显著高于处理III、Ⅳ,其他参数值的变化各处理间无显著差异(α=0.05)。然而三批重复试验发现,处理II的COD_(Cr)去除率和PO43-/TP增加率始终最高。综合分析得出QS中的腐植酸成分和微生物均能在一定程度上促进废水有机质的降解。
2、应用QS处理发酵池猪场废水,发酵8天后COD_(Cr)去除率为70%～75%,NH_4~+-N增加率约为18%,TP去除率约为28%,PO_4~(3-)增加率为35.5%,可培养微生物总数维持在105cfu/mL,粪大肠菌群由10~7 MPN /L降至1.67×10~5 MPN /L。废水经过发酵后有机质和粪大肠菌群能得到一定程度的减少,小分子有机颗粒和速效氮、磷增加,有利于鱼塘的消化利用。
3、“猪-微-鱼”塘水的pH值为7.2～8.1;DO为4.6～6.6mg/L;可培养微生物总数约为104cfu/mL,粪大肠菌群为10000～25000MPN/L;NO_2--N浓度为0.1～0.3mg/L;NH_4~+-N浓度为0.9～1.3mg/L;TP浓度为0.6～0.9mg/L;COD_(Cr)浓度为70～90mg/L。“猪-鱼”塘水NH_4~+-N浓度为2.5～3.0mg/L; TP浓度为3.0～3.7 mg/L;COD_(Cr)浓度为130～150mg/L;粪大肠菌群数维持在105MPN/L。植物氧化沟水的COD_(Cr)浓度为10～40mg/L;NH_4~+-N浓度为0.9～1.3mg/L;NO_2~--N浓度为0.02～0.2mg/L;TP浓度为0.14～0.2mg/L;可培养微生物总数为103～104cfu/mL,粪大肠菌群为10~3～10~4MPN/L。
“猪-微-鱼”塘水各参数值基本能维持在安全范围内;“猪-鱼”塘水各参数值均高于“猪-微-鱼”塘水及鱼塘水质安全浓度,其生产上存在安全隐患;植物氧化沟水质最好,说明其可以发挥生态塘的功能进一步改良鱼塘水质。经分析得出“猪-微-鱼-植”养殖模式基本能保证鱼塘的安全生产。4、QS中可培养微生物总数为108cfu/g,对分离菌株进行功能性筛选得到10种细菌具有亚硝化能力、乐斯苯(1%)降解能力、五氯硝基苯(0.1%)降解能力、溶无机磷能力和拮抗粪大肠菌群能力。经鉴定这10种细菌分别属于栗褐芽孢杆菌(Bacillus badius)、蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)、地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus Licheniformis)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)、巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)和类芽孢杆菌属(Paenibacillus)。
The piggery wastewater has the characteristics of high ammonia, organism and suspending substances. How to treat them effectively and realize resource utilization have become important issues. The experimental base haogpen (amount of livestock:1200) used QS (a kind of biologic humic acids productions) to ferment piggery wastewater and obtained a great of economic benefits through“pig -fermention - fish - plant”ecological breeding model. According to the application effects of QS, this paper consists of the following three areas of study: 1. investigating the fermentation effects of QS on piggery wastewater 2. monitering the water quality of“pig-fermention-fish-plant”model and analyzing the effect of processing mode 3.investigating the types and quantities of microbes in QS and identifying of functional microbial to further explore the role of QS. The results are as follows:
1. In the experiment, there are four treatments .Afeter 8-day fermention, the CODCr removal values were 39.21%(Ⅰ), 42.05%(II), 33.09%(III), 33.05%(Ⅳ); NH4+-N concentrations were by an increase of 16.5%(Ⅰ), 14.5%(II), 13.7%(III), 14.6%(Ⅳ); total phosphorus(TP) values had no significant changes, but PO43- values were on upward trend, with the increase percentage of PO43-/TP values followed by 25.6%(Ⅰ), 31.3%(II), 30.8%(III), 27.7%(Ⅳ); All the quantity of culturable microorganism decreased from 107～108 cfu / mL to 105 cfu / mL and all the quantities of fecal coliform bacteria decreased from 108～109 MPN / L to 106 MPN / L.
According to statistical analysis, the CODCr removal percentages of treatmentⅠandIIwere significantly higher than those of treatment III andⅣ, and other parameters of treatments showed no significant differences(α=0.05). However, it could be found that the CODCr removal percentages and PO43-/TP value increase percentages of treatment II were higher than other treatments in three batches of tests.
2 Applying QS to piggery wastewater fermentation in field for 8 days, the changes of parameters were as follows: CODCr removal percentage, 70%～75%; NH4+-N increase percentage,18%;TP removal percentage,28 %; PO43-increase percentage ,35.5 %; the quantity of culturable microorganism ,105 cfu / mL,and the quantity of fecal coliform bacteria decreased from 107 MPN / L to 1.67×10~5 MPN / L.The organic matter in wastewater could be degraded effectively by fermentation,and the increase of available nitrogen and phosphorus was also beneficial to fishing.
3.The monitoring results of the water quality of“pig-microbial-fish”pound were as follows: the pH value , 7.2～8.1; the DO value , 4.6～6.6 mg/L; the concentrations of NO2--N, NH4+-N, TP, CODCr were 0.1～0.3mg/L, 0.9～1.3mg/L, 0.6～0.9mg/Land 70～90 mg/L respectively;the quantities of culturable microorganism and fecal coliform bacteria were 104 cfu / mL and 10000～25000 MPN / L.
The monitoring results of the water quality of“pig- fish”pound were as follows: the concentrations of NH4+-N, TP,CODCr were 2.5～3.0mg/L,3.0～3.7mg/L and 130～150mg/L respectively,and the quantity of fecal coliform bacteria was 105 MPN / L.
The monitoring results of oxidation plant ditch were as follows: the concentrations of CODCr, NH4+-N, NO2--N, TP were 10～40mg/L,0.9～1.3mg/L, 0.02～0.2mg/L and 0.14～0.2mg/L respectively. The quantities of culturable microorganism and fecal coliform bacteria were 103～104 cfu / mL and 103～104 MPN / L.
The monitoring results of“pig-microbial-fish”pound water meant that the parameter values were all in safe. All the datas of“pig- fish”pound water were much higher than those of“pig-microbial-fish”pound water and under fishing water safety standard.There were potential dangers of production existed in“pig- fish”pound. The ditch water was the best among the three pounds, and the oxidation ditch might play some ecological function to improve fish pound water quality. The“pig-microbial-fish-plant”ecological breeding model could guarantee the production safe basically.
4. QS contained culturable microorganisms with a total of 108 cfu / g and ten kinds of bacteria were released from the repeated strains, which had the ability of nitration, Chlorpyrifos (1%) degradation, Quintozene (0.1%) degradation, inorganic phosphorus solution and resistance against fecal coliform bacteria. They belonged to Bacillus badius, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus Licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus megaterium and Paenibacillus.
引文
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