中国经济和贸易中的日本因素
摘要
中国和日本自古以来就是两个一衣带水的近邻国家，拥有着2000多年的友好历史。作为当今世界上两个重要的经济实体，不论处于友好阶段还是战争状态，中国和日本之间都有着千丝万缕的联系。日本作为全球仅次于美国的第二大经济强国，其影响力和对整个世界中的经济和政治影响不容小觑。中国是当今世界上发展最快的几个发展中国家之一，其GDP以每年约8％的惊人速度增长。2007年，中国超过美国成为了日本的第一大贸易伙伴，同时，作为中国的第三大贸易伙伴和世界第二经济强国，日本不仅对中国经济和中日贸易的发展有着极为重要的作用和影响，也直接或间接地对中国与其他国家的贸易往来有着积极或消极的影响。因此，在经济全球化和区域经济一体化的国际背景下，研究日本作为一个外部因素对中国经济贸易的影响有着至关重要的理论和现实意义。
作为中国最重要的近邻，即使在不同时期，日本也一直从多个方面影响着中国的经济和贸易。从直接影响来说，包括了日元贷款、无偿援助和技术合作的官方发展援助持续了很长时间，确实对中国的经济发展起到了很大的积极作用。此外，由于中国是一个农业大国，而日本的农业及其脆弱，以至于日本政府不得不千方百计地对其进行保护，因此中日农产品贸易摩擦也对中国的经济影响巨大。至于日本对中国经济贸易的间接影响，能源问题总是首当其冲。在“铁矿石涨价”和“安大线、安纳线之争”中，日本都确实对中国与其他国家的国际贸易产生了消极的影响。
本文主要从以下四个部分对日本在不同的发展阶段如何影响中国经济和贸易进行了分析。在第一部分中，主要介绍并分析了中国和日本的贸易政策并且对中日贸易历史进行了回顾。在第二部分中，主要从官方发展援助(ODA)和农产品贸易摩擦两个方面详细分析了日本因素对中国经济和贸易的直接影响。在第三部分中，通过两个重要的案例，“铁矿石涨价”和“安大线、安纳线之争”，分析了日本作为一个外部因素对中国经济贸易的间接影响。在以上三个部分的基础上，最后一部分最为结论章节，总结了日本作为一个外部因素对中国经济贸易的影响，同时给出了一些建议，并对今后中日贸易关系发展和趋势做出了瞻望。
China and Japan are two neighboring nations with uncuttable relations ever since long time ago, with nearly 2000 years friendly history. As two important economic entities in the world nowadays, no matter in peaceful days or war time, China and Japan are closely related with each other in many aspects. As the second strongest power in the world, Japan has both significant economic and political impact on the whole world. China is one of those developing countries that have the fastest developing speed, with an astonishing 8% GDP increasing rate. In 2007, the trade amount between China and Japan has surpassed that between USA and Japan. As a result, China has become the first biggest trade partner with Japan postwar. At the same time, as China's third biggest trade partner and the second-biggest economic power in the world, Japan not only has great influence on Chinese economy and Sino-Japanese trade, but also affects China's international trade with other countries and regions as an external element, be it positive or negative. Therefore, in the international background of economic globalization and regional economies integration, the analysis of Japan element acting as an important external element both on Chinese economy and trade development, has essential and momentous theoretical and realistic significance.
As China's most important neighboring nation, Japan has been influencing Chinese economy and trade from many aspects in different periods. For those direct impacts, ODA (Official Development Assistance), which consists of yen loan, nonreimbursable assistance and technology cooperation, has lasted for a long time and benefited Chinese economy and trade a lot. Besides, Sino-Japanese agricultural friction also has great impact on Chinese economy and trade since China is a big agricultural country while Japanese agriculture is so fragile that Japanese government has to try every method to protect it. As for those indirect impacts Japan has done to China, energy issues always matter a lot. In the event of iron ore price increasing and the competition between AnDa line and AnNa line, Japan did have negative impact on Chinese international trade with other countries.
This paper tries to study how the Japanese element affect Chinese economy and trade as Japan develops in its different periods. There are mainly four parts in this paper. In the first part, it analyzes both Chinese and Japanese international trade policies in different periods and view the Sino-Japanese trade history in general; then paper talks about the direct impact Japan has put on Chinese economy and trade in details, mainly from two aspects such as ODA and trade friction in the second part; while in the third part, through two important cases, the iron ore price increasing event and the competition between AnDa line and AnNa line issue, the indirect impact that Japan has done to Chinese economy and trade as an external element has been clearly and deeply analyzed; based on the former three parts, the last part summaries the Japanese element in Chinese economy and trade as well as gives some suggestions and prospect on the future about the Sino-Japanese trade relations, developing direction and trend as the conclusion chapter.
作为中国最重要的近邻，即使在不同时期，日本也一直从多个方面影响着中国的经济和贸易。从直接影响来说，包括了日元贷款、无偿援助和技术合作的官方发展援助持续了很长时间，确实对中国的经济发展起到了很大的积极作用。此外，由于中国是一个农业大国，而日本的农业及其脆弱，以至于日本政府不得不千方百计地对其进行保护，因此中日农产品贸易摩擦也对中国的经济影响巨大。至于日本对中国经济贸易的间接影响，能源问题总是首当其冲。在“铁矿石涨价”和“安大线、安纳线之争”中，日本都确实对中国与其他国家的国际贸易产生了消极的影响。
本文主要从以下四个部分对日本在不同的发展阶段如何影响中国经济和贸易进行了分析。在第一部分中，主要介绍并分析了中国和日本的贸易政策并且对中日贸易历史进行了回顾。在第二部分中，主要从官方发展援助(ODA)和农产品贸易摩擦两个方面详细分析了日本因素对中国经济和贸易的直接影响。在第三部分中，通过两个重要的案例，“铁矿石涨价”和“安大线、安纳线之争”，分析了日本作为一个外部因素对中国经济贸易的间接影响。在以上三个部分的基础上，最后一部分最为结论章节，总结了日本作为一个外部因素对中国经济贸易的影响，同时给出了一些建议，并对今后中日贸易关系发展和趋势做出了瞻望。
China and Japan are two neighboring nations with uncuttable relations ever since long time ago, with nearly 2000 years friendly history. As two important economic entities in the world nowadays, no matter in peaceful days or war time, China and Japan are closely related with each other in many aspects. As the second strongest power in the world, Japan has both significant economic and political impact on the whole world. China is one of those developing countries that have the fastest developing speed, with an astonishing 8% GDP increasing rate. In 2007, the trade amount between China and Japan has surpassed that between USA and Japan. As a result, China has become the first biggest trade partner with Japan postwar. At the same time, as China's third biggest trade partner and the second-biggest economic power in the world, Japan not only has great influence on Chinese economy and Sino-Japanese trade, but also affects China's international trade with other countries and regions as an external element, be it positive or negative. Therefore, in the international background of economic globalization and regional economies integration, the analysis of Japan element acting as an important external element both on Chinese economy and trade development, has essential and momentous theoretical and realistic significance.
As China's most important neighboring nation, Japan has been influencing Chinese economy and trade from many aspects in different periods. For those direct impacts, ODA (Official Development Assistance), which consists of yen loan, nonreimbursable assistance and technology cooperation, has lasted for a long time and benefited Chinese economy and trade a lot. Besides, Sino-Japanese agricultural friction also has great impact on Chinese economy and trade since China is a big agricultural country while Japanese agriculture is so fragile that Japanese government has to try every method to protect it. As for those indirect impacts Japan has done to China, energy issues always matter a lot. In the event of iron ore price increasing and the competition between AnDa line and AnNa line, Japan did have negative impact on Chinese international trade with other countries.
This paper tries to study how the Japanese element affect Chinese economy and trade as Japan develops in its different periods. There are mainly four parts in this paper. In the first part, it analyzes both Chinese and Japanese international trade policies in different periods and view the Sino-Japanese trade history in general; then paper talks about the direct impact Japan has put on Chinese economy and trade in details, mainly from two aspects such as ODA and trade friction in the second part; while in the third part, through two important cases, the iron ore price increasing event and the competition between AnDa line and AnNa line issue, the indirect impact that Japan has done to Chinese economy and trade as an external element has been clearly and deeply analyzed; based on the former three parts, the last part summaries the Japanese element in Chinese economy and trade as well as gives some suggestions and prospect on the future about the Sino-Japanese trade relations, developing direction and trend as the conclusion chapter.
引文
1．《经济全球化与21世纪日本的对策》 复旦大学日本研究中心第十一届国际学术研讨会论文集 陈建安 上海财经大学出版社2003年版
2．《中国崛起，日本该做些什么?》津上俊哉 著 李琳 译 社会科学文献出版社2006年版
3．《日本在亚洲的作用》林华生 著 曾刚 译 北京大学出版社 2000年版
4．《中国能否赶超日本》唐津一 著 徐朝龙 译 中国社会科学出版社 2006年版
5．http://www.sina.com.cn 2007年04月13日 08∶59金时网·金融时报
6．星岛环球网 www.singtaonet.com 星岛网刊第七期
7．管理@人 2006年02月刊
8．国际石油经济 2003年10月刊
9．经济参考报 2003年9月26日
10．南方都市报／李银 2003．09．26 18：08
11. BUSINESS.SOHU.COM 2004年7月8日08：18[王冰凝] 来源：[新京报]
12．www.wtojob.com 世贸人才网：国际贸易商务人才门户 更新时间：2007-02-06
13．《中日经贸关系六十年(1945-2005)》程永明 石其宝 天津社会科学院出版社2006年版
14．《国际贸易》2007年4月期，总304期《政治关系回暖期的中日经贸合作》
15．《中日关系史论考》 中日关系史论考／浙江大学日本文化研究所编 北京-中华书局2001
16．《民初中国对日贸易论》娄向哲 天津-南开大学出版社1994．12
17．《21世纪中日经济合作与展望》 小泽一彦，孙新 北京-社会科学文献出版社 2004
2．《中国崛起，日本该做些什么?》津上俊哉 著 李琳 译 社会科学文献出版社2006年版
3．《日本在亚洲的作用》林华生 著 曾刚 译 北京大学出版社 2000年版
4．《中国能否赶超日本》唐津一 著 徐朝龙 译 中国社会科学出版社 2006年版
5．http://www.sina.com.cn 2007年04月13日 08∶59金时网·金融时报
6．星岛环球网 www.singtaonet.com 星岛网刊第七期
7．管理@人 2006年02月刊
8．国际石油经济 2003年10月刊
9．经济参考报 2003年9月26日
10．南方都市报／李银 2003．09．26 18：08
11. BUSINESS.SOHU.COM 2004年7月8日08：18[王冰凝] 来源：[新京报]
12．www.wtojob.com 世贸人才网：国际贸易商务人才门户 更新时间：2007-02-06
13．《中日经贸关系六十年(1945-2005)》程永明 石其宝 天津社会科学院出版社2006年版
14．《国际贸易》2007年4月期，总304期《政治关系回暖期的中日经贸合作》
15．《中日关系史论考》 中日关系史论考／浙江大学日本文化研究所编 北京-中华书局2001
16．《民初中国对日贸易论》娄向哲 天津-南开大学出版社1994．12
17．《21世纪中日经济合作与展望》 小泽一彦，孙新 北京-社会科学文献出版社 2004