我国矿区土地复垦管理问题研究
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摘要
我国己进入经济快速发展的阶段,人口、资源、环境是影响我国国民经济可持续发展的三个基本要素,可持续发展必须建立在资源的可持续利用和良好的生态环境基础之上。矿产资源开采在为我国提供各类资源的同时,也带来了严重的土地问题。
“土地复垦”就是对破坏的土地,采取整治措施,因地制宜地恢复到可供利用的期望状态的行动或过程。受多种因素的影响,我国矿区土地复垦率比发达国家低50多个百分点,仅为10%,仍有近90%的矿区被破坏土地没有得到及时的复垦。造成这一问题的主要原因在于我国矿区土地复垦的相关管理存在问题,直接导致相关的土地复垦技术研究、过程实施不严谨。
本文运用发展经济学、新公共管理理论、可持续发展理论、矿区生命周期理论相关理论知识,从实现矿区经济可持续发展的角度出发,重点研究了我国矿区土地复垦相关状况,指出当前我国矿区土地复垦存在的管理问题,并提出提高复垦效率的管理措施。
本文分为五个部分。第一部分为绪论,介绍了国内外学者关于矿区土地复垦的相关研究,提出了选题的意义及技术路线。第二部分介绍了本文所运用的相关理论。包括发展经济学理论、新公共管理理论、可持续发展理论及矿区生命周期理论。从这些理论中找到切入点,对我国矿区土地复垦管理相关问题进行研究。第三部分通过对我国矿区土地破坏现状及复垦现状的分析,重点指出我国矿区土地复垦的管理问题,包括复垦组织模式缺失、法律法规不健全、复垦资金匮乏、理论体系研究不足。针对以上的土地复垦管理中存在的问题,第四部分从建立健全土地复垦管理机构,实施土地复垦产业化政策;加强土地复垦立法力度,完善法规政策体系;扩大融资渠道,保证复垦资金充足;加强土地复垦阶段管理,补充复垦理论四个方面提出了提高复垦效率的管理建议。第五部分从文章整体的研究出发,认为我国的矿区土地复垦是一个漫长的过程,在这个过程中应该不断借鉴国外现今的复垦管理经验,同时,找出适合我国自己的复垦管理模式。
China has entered a phase of rapid economic development. Population, resources and environment are the three basic elements that affect sustainable development of China's national economy. Sustainable development must be on the basis of sustainable use of resources and good ecological environment. Extraction of mineral resources not only provides various resources for our country, but also poses a serious land problem.
"Land reclamation" is the action or process that the land destroyed in mining area should be taken remediation measures according to local conditions in order to back to the availability of the desired state. Affected by many factors, the rate of land reclamation in our country is only 10% that is more than 50% lower than that of developed countries. There is still nearly 90% of destroyed land in mine that was not taken remediation measures timely. Management problems in the process of land reclamation are the main reason for this and lead directly to imprecise in the research and process of land reclamation.
The foundation of this article is Development Economics, New Public Management Theory, Sustainable Development Theory and the Mining Life Cycle Theory. In order to achieve sustainable economic development in mining area, this article focuses on the status of land reclamation in China, points out management problems existed in land reclamation and propose management measures to improve the efficiency of reclamation.
This paper is divided into five parts. Part I is introduction. This part introduces the domestic and foreign scholars on research related to land reclamation of mining area, and proposes the significance of choosing this subject and the technical route of this paper. Part II describes the theories used in this paper. It includes Development Economics, New Public Management Theory, Sustainable Development Theory and the Mining Life Cycle Theory. Based on the starting point of these theories, this article studies the management issues of land reclamation. Based on the analysis of present situation about destruction and reclamation of land in mining area, Part III highlights management issues of land reclamation in mining area. It includes the lack of organizational model, laws and regulations, funds and research on theoretical system in reclamation. In view of the management issues of land reclamation,in order to improve the efficiency of reclamation management, Part IV gives the following suggestions: Government should establish and improve management institution for land reclamation, and implement a policy of land reclamation industries; strengthen Legislative efforts to land reclamation and Improve the system of regulations and policies related; expand the financing channels in order to ensure sufficient reclamation funds; strengthen the management of the reclamation phase and supplement reclamation theoretical knowledge related. Starting from the study of the whole, Part V holds that the mining land reclamation is a long process. In this process, current reclamation management experience abroad should continue to be reference, and our own reclamation management mode also should be identified.
“土地复垦”就是对破坏的土地,采取整治措施,因地制宜地恢复到可供利用的期望状态的行动或过程。受多种因素的影响,我国矿区土地复垦率比发达国家低50多个百分点,仅为10%,仍有近90%的矿区被破坏土地没有得到及时的复垦。造成这一问题的主要原因在于我国矿区土地复垦的相关管理存在问题,直接导致相关的土地复垦技术研究、过程实施不严谨。
本文运用发展经济学、新公共管理理论、可持续发展理论、矿区生命周期理论相关理论知识,从实现矿区经济可持续发展的角度出发,重点研究了我国矿区土地复垦相关状况,指出当前我国矿区土地复垦存在的管理问题,并提出提高复垦效率的管理措施。
本文分为五个部分。第一部分为绪论,介绍了国内外学者关于矿区土地复垦的相关研究,提出了选题的意义及技术路线。第二部分介绍了本文所运用的相关理论。包括发展经济学理论、新公共管理理论、可持续发展理论及矿区生命周期理论。从这些理论中找到切入点,对我国矿区土地复垦管理相关问题进行研究。第三部分通过对我国矿区土地破坏现状及复垦现状的分析,重点指出我国矿区土地复垦的管理问题,包括复垦组织模式缺失、法律法规不健全、复垦资金匮乏、理论体系研究不足。针对以上的土地复垦管理中存在的问题,第四部分从建立健全土地复垦管理机构,实施土地复垦产业化政策;加强土地复垦立法力度,完善法规政策体系;扩大融资渠道,保证复垦资金充足;加强土地复垦阶段管理,补充复垦理论四个方面提出了提高复垦效率的管理建议。第五部分从文章整体的研究出发,认为我国的矿区土地复垦是一个漫长的过程,在这个过程中应该不断借鉴国外现今的复垦管理经验,同时,找出适合我国自己的复垦管理模式。
China has entered a phase of rapid economic development. Population, resources and environment are the three basic elements that affect sustainable development of China's national economy. Sustainable development must be on the basis of sustainable use of resources and good ecological environment. Extraction of mineral resources not only provides various resources for our country, but also poses a serious land problem.
"Land reclamation" is the action or process that the land destroyed in mining area should be taken remediation measures according to local conditions in order to back to the availability of the desired state. Affected by many factors, the rate of land reclamation in our country is only 10% that is more than 50% lower than that of developed countries. There is still nearly 90% of destroyed land in mine that was not taken remediation measures timely. Management problems in the process of land reclamation are the main reason for this and lead directly to imprecise in the research and process of land reclamation.
The foundation of this article is Development Economics, New Public Management Theory, Sustainable Development Theory and the Mining Life Cycle Theory. In order to achieve sustainable economic development in mining area, this article focuses on the status of land reclamation in China, points out management problems existed in land reclamation and propose management measures to improve the efficiency of reclamation.
This paper is divided into five parts. Part I is introduction. This part introduces the domestic and foreign scholars on research related to land reclamation of mining area, and proposes the significance of choosing this subject and the technical route of this paper. Part II describes the theories used in this paper. It includes Development Economics, New Public Management Theory, Sustainable Development Theory and the Mining Life Cycle Theory. Based on the starting point of these theories, this article studies the management issues of land reclamation. Based on the analysis of present situation about destruction and reclamation of land in mining area, Part III highlights management issues of land reclamation in mining area. It includes the lack of organizational model, laws and regulations, funds and research on theoretical system in reclamation. In view of the management issues of land reclamation,in order to improve the efficiency of reclamation management, Part IV gives the following suggestions: Government should establish and improve management institution for land reclamation, and implement a policy of land reclamation industries; strengthen Legislative efforts to land reclamation and Improve the system of regulations and policies related; expand the financing channels in order to ensure sufficient reclamation funds; strengthen the management of the reclamation phase and supplement reclamation theoretical knowledge related. Starting from the study of the whole, Part V holds that the mining land reclamation is a long process. In this process, current reclamation management experience abroad should continue to be reference, and our own reclamation management mode also should be identified.
引文
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2韩正明.采煤塌陷矿区土地整理模式研究[M].北京:中国农业大学,2004
3 Warren R L.The Community in America. Chicago:Rand McnaUy College Publishing,1963
4 SpoonerD.Mining and Regional Development.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1981
5 LucasRA.Minetown,Milltown,Railtown:Life in Canadian Communities of Single industry.Torronto:University of Toronto Press,1971
6 Bradbury J,St.Martin L Winding down in a Qubic town:a case study Of Schefferville. The Canadian Geographer,1983
7迪特尔·格罗塞尔著.德意志联邦共和国经济政策史实践.晏小宝等译,上海:上海翻译出版社,1992
8王新平.我国矿业城市的现状与可持续发展策略.同济大学. 2004
9赵宇空.中国矿业城市:持续发展与结构调整.吉林:吉林科学技术出版社,1995
10夏永祥,沈滨.我国资源型开发企业和城市可持续发展的问题与对策.中国软科学,1998(7)
11马清裕.论工矿区城镇的发展与布局.北京:科学出版社,1986
12李文彦.煤矿城市的工业发展与城市规划问题.地理学报,1978(11)
13樊杰.我国煤矿城市产业结构转换问题研究.地理学报,1993(05)
14沈镭,程静.论矿业城市经济发展中的优势转换战略.经济地理,1998(2)
15沈镭.矿业城市可持续发展的机理初探.资源科学,1999(01)
16 Schaller, F. W. and P. Sutton, Reclamation of Drastically Disturbed Lands, American Society of Agronomy,Madison, Wis. 1978
17牛艳春.平顶山市矿区土地复垦的影响因素研究.四川农业大学. 2008
18牛艳春.平顶山市矿区土地复垦的影响因素研究.四川农业大学. 2008
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