饲草型全混日粮对肉羊生产性能影响研究
摘要
目前我国的羊肉产业还处于相对落后的阶段,主要是由于传统的饲养模式导致的,饲喂单一的饲草,这样不仅浪费严重,利用率低,投入比较高,羊肉的产量低,品质相对较差。发展饲草型全混日粮是解决这一问题的有效途径。论文依据饲草分级指数(GI)及组合效应综合指数(MFAEI)理论,依托农牧区的资源优势,发展羔羊育肥专用饲草型全混日粮。以饲草营养价值评价标准为基础,结合羔羊的生理需求,采用体外消化试验、羔羊饲喂试验及屠宰实验相结合的方法。利用GI指数对实验设计的5种饲草的品质进行评价,再对5种饲草的GI指数进行科学对比,通过评定每种饲草的体外发酵指标及其组合效应指数,筛选出效果较好的6组混合饲草；以全混日粮组合效应利用价值最大化为基准,通过测定每组混合饲草的消化率和采食量,确定最佳饲草组合的全粮配方；并依此配方配置日粮进行饲喂实验,对羔羊的出栏率、羊肉品质等指标及经济效益进行系统的评估,最终确定了羔羊育肥最适的饲草型全混日粮配制技术,为生产实践提供科学的理论依据。主要研究结果如下：
1、从常规营养成分分析、饲草代谢能(ME)及自由采食量(DMI)结果综合分析来看,试验所用5种材料品质排列顺序为：苜蓿>沙打旺>黑麦草>高丹草>狼尾草。
2、通过比较分析GI、GI'、GI"的划分结果可以看出,使用ADL为纤维素指标得出的分级指数更为合理,且与实际饲养情况相符。
3、通过体外法在本试验饲草组合条件下,豆科饲草与禾本科饲草之间的组合存在着明显的正组合效应。
4、依据饲草GI值与组合效应综合指数,从138种饲草组合筛选出3个最优组合：组合1,苜蓿／黑麦草：60/40；组合2,苜蓿／沙打旺／黑麦草：40/40/20;组合3,苜蓿／沙打旺／狼尾草40/40/20。
5、配方1(苜蓿：黑麦草=60：40)配方各饲草组分间发生的组合效应显著改善了羔羊肉的理化性状,提高了其氨基酸和脂肪酸含量,对羔羊肉的肉品质和肉品风味产生了积极的影响
6、配方4(苜蓿：沙打旺：狼尾草=40：40：20)配方中各饲草组分之间产生了较好的正组合效应,对育肥羔羊的生产性能和屠宰性能产生了积极的影响。。
7、综合分析育肥羔羊各项指标,饲草组合效应较好的配方1和配方4饲草配方的综合肥育效果最佳,其产肉力、肉品质及风味明显优于其它各组。
8、配方1羔羊的各项指标虽然优于其它各组,但其因饲草投入过高,经济收益比较低。从充分利用粗饲草以及农牧民可承受能力的角度考虑,配方4的饲草组合更适合当地农户的需求。
本次实验以饲草组合为基础,对饲草组合效应对肉羊生产性能影响进行全新探讨,充分发挥草食家畜食草特性,属本论文的创新点。这一研究既可以降低饲养成本,又保证畜产品安全,同时可以缓解人畜争粮的矛盾,在现代畜牧业发展中具有非常重要的意义。
At present, mutton industry of our country is still in the under-developed stage. The main reason is traditional feeding mode, that feeding forage is single,and serious waste, utilization rate of forage grass is lower,and higher costs, also mutton production and quality are lower. Deveoping forage-type total mixed ration is the effective way to solve this current issue. This paper creatively introduced the forage graded index (GI) and Multiple-factors associative effects index (MFAEI) theory, depends on the sufficient forage resources in agricultural areas, develop the special total mixed ration of lamb fattening which is orientate by forage. On the basis of forage nutritional evaluation, joining the physiological requirements of lamb, adopting the method combined with digestion in vitro, breeding test and slaughtering test, research the optimal formula of forage-type total mixed ration in lamb fattening. Using GI to evaluat the quality of five kinds of forage and compare five kinds of forage GI.index scientificily, Then select six groups of mixed forage which is preferable through fermentation in vitro index and the associative effects index on the principle of the maximum associative effects of total mixed ration, determine the optimal formula of forage-type total mixed ration in lamb fattening through digestion in vitro. And produce pelleted total mixed ration according to this formula. Research the economic benefits and index such as lamb fattening performance and meat quality systematically. Ultimately determining the optimal techniques of forage-type total mixed ration in lamb fattening. Provide the theoretical basis for the production practice. The main results are as follows:
(1)Through analyzed nutrition component, forage metabolic energy and DMI, the quality marshalling sequence of five forage materials is:Alfalfa> Astragalus adsurgens.> Lolium Perenne L.> Sorghum-Sudan hybrid> Chinese pennisetum.
(2)Compared and analyzed the GI, GI', GI" of five forages, the classification index is reasonable and correspond to feeding condition that was evaluated by ADL.
(3) Ad opting digestion in vitro to test forage combination, Leguminosae and Gramineae forages had obviously positive combination effect.
(4)According the GI value and aggregative index of combination effect, screened out3optimums from138combinations:combination1:Alfalfa/Lolium Perenne L.60%/40%, combination2:Alfalfa/Astragalus adsurgens./Lolium Perenne L40%/20%/20%, combination3:Alfalfa/Astragalus adsurgens./Chinese pennisetum.40%/20%/20%.
(5) Formulal:Alfalfa/Lolium Perenne L.60%/40%improved remarkable lamb physiochemical properties such as meat quality and special flavour, and increased amino acid and fatty acid.
(6)Formula4:Alfalfa/Astragalusadsurgens./Chinese pennisetum.40%/20%/20%had apparently positive effect each other, and had oboviously improvement to fatten lamb production and slaughtering performance.
(7)Comprehensive analyzed fatten lamb each index, Formula4and Formulal had optimum fatten effect, the meat production, quality and slaughtering were better than other combinations.
(8)Although Formulal has the positive effect, but considered its high input, low income and herdsman endurance, Formula4is sutiable to local people.
This paper based on the forage combination, discussed the associative effects to lamb production performance, this is the innovation point. This research not only can descend feeding cost, but also guarantee product security, remit contradiction between people and livestocks on grain. It has very important significance in morden raising livestock industry development.
1、从常规营养成分分析、饲草代谢能(ME)及自由采食量(DMI)结果综合分析来看,试验所用5种材料品质排列顺序为：苜蓿>沙打旺>黑麦草>高丹草>狼尾草。
2、通过比较分析GI、GI'、GI"的划分结果可以看出,使用ADL为纤维素指标得出的分级指数更为合理,且与实际饲养情况相符。
3、通过体外法在本试验饲草组合条件下,豆科饲草与禾本科饲草之间的组合存在着明显的正组合效应。
4、依据饲草GI值与组合效应综合指数,从138种饲草组合筛选出3个最优组合：组合1,苜蓿／黑麦草：60/40；组合2,苜蓿／沙打旺／黑麦草：40/40/20;组合3,苜蓿／沙打旺／狼尾草40/40/20。
5、配方1(苜蓿：黑麦草=60：40)配方各饲草组分间发生的组合效应显著改善了羔羊肉的理化性状,提高了其氨基酸和脂肪酸含量,对羔羊肉的肉品质和肉品风味产生了积极的影响
6、配方4(苜蓿：沙打旺：狼尾草=40：40：20)配方中各饲草组分之间产生了较好的正组合效应,对育肥羔羊的生产性能和屠宰性能产生了积极的影响。。
7、综合分析育肥羔羊各项指标,饲草组合效应较好的配方1和配方4饲草配方的综合肥育效果最佳,其产肉力、肉品质及风味明显优于其它各组。
8、配方1羔羊的各项指标虽然优于其它各组,但其因饲草投入过高,经济收益比较低。从充分利用粗饲草以及农牧民可承受能力的角度考虑,配方4的饲草组合更适合当地农户的需求。
本次实验以饲草组合为基础,对饲草组合效应对肉羊生产性能影响进行全新探讨,充分发挥草食家畜食草特性,属本论文的创新点。这一研究既可以降低饲养成本,又保证畜产品安全,同时可以缓解人畜争粮的矛盾,在现代畜牧业发展中具有非常重要的意义。
At present, mutton industry of our country is still in the under-developed stage. The main reason is traditional feeding mode, that feeding forage is single,and serious waste, utilization rate of forage grass is lower,and higher costs, also mutton production and quality are lower. Deveoping forage-type total mixed ration is the effective way to solve this current issue. This paper creatively introduced the forage graded index (GI) and Multiple-factors associative effects index (MFAEI) theory, depends on the sufficient forage resources in agricultural areas, develop the special total mixed ration of lamb fattening which is orientate by forage. On the basis of forage nutritional evaluation, joining the physiological requirements of lamb, adopting the method combined with digestion in vitro, breeding test and slaughtering test, research the optimal formula of forage-type total mixed ration in lamb fattening. Using GI to evaluat the quality of five kinds of forage and compare five kinds of forage GI.index scientificily, Then select six groups of mixed forage which is preferable through fermentation in vitro index and the associative effects index on the principle of the maximum associative effects of total mixed ration, determine the optimal formula of forage-type total mixed ration in lamb fattening through digestion in vitro. And produce pelleted total mixed ration according to this formula. Research the economic benefits and index such as lamb fattening performance and meat quality systematically. Ultimately determining the optimal techniques of forage-type total mixed ration in lamb fattening. Provide the theoretical basis for the production practice. The main results are as follows:
(1)Through analyzed nutrition component, forage metabolic energy and DMI, the quality marshalling sequence of five forage materials is:Alfalfa> Astragalus adsurgens.> Lolium Perenne L.> Sorghum-Sudan hybrid> Chinese pennisetum.
(2)Compared and analyzed the GI, GI', GI" of five forages, the classification index is reasonable and correspond to feeding condition that was evaluated by ADL.
(3) Ad opting digestion in vitro to test forage combination, Leguminosae and Gramineae forages had obviously positive combination effect.
(4)According the GI value and aggregative index of combination effect, screened out3optimums from138combinations:combination1:Alfalfa/Lolium Perenne L.60%/40%, combination2:Alfalfa/Astragalus adsurgens./Lolium Perenne L40%/20%/20%, combination3:Alfalfa/Astragalus adsurgens./Chinese pennisetum.40%/20%/20%.
(5) Formulal:Alfalfa/Lolium Perenne L.60%/40%improved remarkable lamb physiochemical properties such as meat quality and special flavour, and increased amino acid and fatty acid.
(6)Formula4:Alfalfa/Astragalusadsurgens./Chinese pennisetum.40%/20%/20%had apparently positive effect each other, and had oboviously improvement to fatten lamb production and slaughtering performance.
(7)Comprehensive analyzed fatten lamb each index, Formula4and Formulal had optimum fatten effect, the meat production, quality and slaughtering were better than other combinations.
(8)Although Formulal has the positive effect, but considered its high input, low income and herdsman endurance, Formula4is sutiable to local people.
This paper based on the forage combination, discussed the associative effects to lamb production performance, this is the innovation point. This research not only can descend feeding cost, but also guarantee product security, remit contradiction between people and livestocks on grain. It has very important significance in morden raising livestock industry development.
引文
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