兆瓦级风电机组变桨距控制设计与实现
摘要
由于石油资源的日益枯竭和人类对全球环境恶化的倍加关注,风能作为可再生绿色能源以其突出的优点成为全世界普遍重视的能源。风能开发的重要性已无可争辩,风力发电技术也随之得到迅猛发展。而进行大规模风能开发首先必须解决一系列关键技术问题,其中,风力发电机的变桨距控制是一个极具挑战性的控制问题,对其进行深入研究具有十分重要的现实意义。
本文以“兆瓦级(2MW)直驱型风力发电机组及其关键部件的设计和制造技术”项目研究为依托,提出了一种以ARM嵌入式系统为平台的风力发电机组变桨距控制系统的设计方案。首先通过研究风力机桨叶的空气动力学基本理论,得出变桨距控制的理论基础,分析了变桨距控制的基本规律。然后研究和分析了直驱型兆瓦级风力发电机组及其控制系统和变桨距控制策略,在设计变桨距控制器的控制策略时,将视角由常规的风机、风况局部环境扩展到含风机、风况、风电场、大电网等的广域环境。设计了变桨距控制系统的主体结构,并着重研究了变桨距控制系统的可靠性设计。同时详细设计了变桨距控制系统的软硬件模块,实现了变桨距控制系统的基本功能。最后,通过搭建基于ARM+Linux+PC的风力发电机变桨距控制器软硬件实验平台,验证了论文所设计变桨距控制系统的可实现性,在该平台基础上基本实现了实时控制风电机叶片桨距角的功能,对特殊情况下的紧急停机、一般情况下的机组的初始化、切入风速以下的启动变桨、发电状态下的变桨和正常停机等各项工况经过仿真实验均得到了比较满意的控制效果。
本文详细介绍和对比了国内外风力发电技术的研究和应用情况,提出了一种以ARM嵌入式系统为平台的风力发电系统变桨距控制器的设计方案,对风力发电变桨距控制系统进行了较为全面的从仿真到实验、从理论到实践的深入研究,为今后的进一步研究奠定了一定的基础。
Because of the increasing depletion of fossil oil resources and more attention about deterioration of the global environment, wind energy has been already under the whole world's attention as a kind of inexhaustible clean green energy by its outstanding advantages. The importance of wind energy's exploiture has beyond question, and wind power technologies have also been developed rapidly. But the large-scale wind energy exploiture must resolve a number of key technical issues firstly, in which the variable pitch control of wind turbine is a challenging control problem, a in-depth research on this has great practical significance.
On this paper, the research is based on the project called "the design and manufacture technology of the megawatt-level direct-drive type wind turbine and key components", and proposed a design scheme of wind turbines variable pitch control system which takes a ARM embeded system as platform. At first, we get the theoretical basis of variable pitch control and analyses the variable pitch control basic law through the study of the basic theory of aerodynamics. We study and analyses the control systems and variable pitch control strategy of the direct-drive type megawatt-class wind turbine in detail, especially, the perspective has been extended from the conventional fan, the wind conditions to the local environment with fan, wind conditions, wind farm and other large wide-area grid environment when design the control strategy of variable pitch controller. We designed the structure of the main body and studied the reliability of variable pitch control system in particular. At the same time, we designed the hardware and software module to realize the basic functions of the variable pitch control system. By setting up the variable pitch wind turbine controller hardware and software test platform which based on ARM+Linux+PC, validated that the variable pitch control system on this paper can be realized. In our platform, we have achieved the basic function to control wind turbine blade pitch angle in real time, and about emergency shutdown in special cases, the initialization of the wind turbines in general, the variable pitch control when boot and when wind speed is lower than the rated wind speed, the variable pitch control in generation status, normal shutdown, etc, we get a satisfactory control result through simulation experiments.
In this paper, we contrasted the domestic and foreign wind power technology research and application, proposed a wind turbines pitch controller design scheme based on ARM embeded system. We have done a in-depth study and comprehensive work at simulation, experiment, theory and practice, which lay a certain foundation for a farther research in future.
本文以“兆瓦级(2MW)直驱型风力发电机组及其关键部件的设计和制造技术”项目研究为依托,提出了一种以ARM嵌入式系统为平台的风力发电机组变桨距控制系统的设计方案。首先通过研究风力机桨叶的空气动力学基本理论,得出变桨距控制的理论基础,分析了变桨距控制的基本规律。然后研究和分析了直驱型兆瓦级风力发电机组及其控制系统和变桨距控制策略,在设计变桨距控制器的控制策略时,将视角由常规的风机、风况局部环境扩展到含风机、风况、风电场、大电网等的广域环境。设计了变桨距控制系统的主体结构,并着重研究了变桨距控制系统的可靠性设计。同时详细设计了变桨距控制系统的软硬件模块,实现了变桨距控制系统的基本功能。最后,通过搭建基于ARM+Linux+PC的风力发电机变桨距控制器软硬件实验平台,验证了论文所设计变桨距控制系统的可实现性,在该平台基础上基本实现了实时控制风电机叶片桨距角的功能,对特殊情况下的紧急停机、一般情况下的机组的初始化、切入风速以下的启动变桨、发电状态下的变桨和正常停机等各项工况经过仿真实验均得到了比较满意的控制效果。
本文详细介绍和对比了国内外风力发电技术的研究和应用情况,提出了一种以ARM嵌入式系统为平台的风力发电系统变桨距控制器的设计方案,对风力发电变桨距控制系统进行了较为全面的从仿真到实验、从理论到实践的深入研究,为今后的进一步研究奠定了一定的基础。
Because of the increasing depletion of fossil oil resources and more attention about deterioration of the global environment, wind energy has been already under the whole world's attention as a kind of inexhaustible clean green energy by its outstanding advantages. The importance of wind energy's exploiture has beyond question, and wind power technologies have also been developed rapidly. But the large-scale wind energy exploiture must resolve a number of key technical issues firstly, in which the variable pitch control of wind turbine is a challenging control problem, a in-depth research on this has great practical significance.
On this paper, the research is based on the project called "the design and manufacture technology of the megawatt-level direct-drive type wind turbine and key components", and proposed a design scheme of wind turbines variable pitch control system which takes a ARM embeded system as platform. At first, we get the theoretical basis of variable pitch control and analyses the variable pitch control basic law through the study of the basic theory of aerodynamics. We study and analyses the control systems and variable pitch control strategy of the direct-drive type megawatt-class wind turbine in detail, especially, the perspective has been extended from the conventional fan, the wind conditions to the local environment with fan, wind conditions, wind farm and other large wide-area grid environment when design the control strategy of variable pitch controller. We designed the structure of the main body and studied the reliability of variable pitch control system in particular. At the same time, we designed the hardware and software module to realize the basic functions of the variable pitch control system. By setting up the variable pitch wind turbine controller hardware and software test platform which based on ARM+Linux+PC, validated that the variable pitch control system on this paper can be realized. In our platform, we have achieved the basic function to control wind turbine blade pitch angle in real time, and about emergency shutdown in special cases, the initialization of the wind turbines in general, the variable pitch control when boot and when wind speed is lower than the rated wind speed, the variable pitch control in generation status, normal shutdown, etc, we get a satisfactory control result through simulation experiments.
In this paper, we contrasted the domestic and foreign wind power technology research and application, proposed a wind turbines pitch controller design scheme based on ARM embeded system. We have done a in-depth study and comprehensive work at simulation, experiment, theory and practice, which lay a certain foundation for a farther research in future.
引文
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[28]袁海.兆瓦级风力机变桨距控制系统的研究[M].上海:上海交通大学,2007.
[29]厉伟,鲍洁秋,姚兴佳,等.基于ABB变频器的风电机组独立变距控制方案[J].沈阳工业大学学报,2008,30(6):628-631.
[30]刘林,麦云飞,宁李谱.兆瓦级风力发电机组电动变桨距控制系统设计[J].机械制造,2008,46(529):15-18.
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[6]董丹丹,赵黛青,廖翠萍.我国的风电技术和风电发展[J].可再生能源,2007,25(3):72-75.
[7]易跃春.风力发电现状、发展前景及市场分析[J].国际电力,2004,8(5):18-22.
[8]梁昌鑫,贾廷纲,陈孝祺.国内外风电的现状和发展趋势[J].上海电机学院学报,2009,12(1):73-77.
[9]戴慧珠,陈默子,王伟胜.中国风电发展现状及有关技术服务[J].中国电力,2005,38(1):80-84.
[10]叶杭冶.风力发电机组的控制技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[11]叶杭冶,贺益康,刘其辉.变速风力发电机组的运行控制.2003年中国太阳能学会学术年会论文集[C].上海:上海交通大学出版社,2003.
[12]Dadone Andrea,Dambrosio L.Estimator based adaptive fuzzy logic control technique for a wind turbine-generator system[J].Energy Conversion&Management,2003,(44):135-153.
[13]李科.基于SERCOS的电动变桨距位置伺服控制系统[M].沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2007.
[14]刘细平,林鹤云.风力发电机及风力发电控制技术综述[J].大电机技术,2007,3:17-21.
[15]曾婧婧,杨平等.风力发电控制系统综述[J].第七届工业仪表与自动化学术会议,2006:91-93.
[16]郭威.大型风电机组变桨距系统设计及其智能控制方法研究[M].天津:天津工业大学,2007.6-15.
[17]邢作霞,郑琼林,姚兴佳,等.基于BP神经网络的PID变桨距风电机组控制[J].沈阳工业大学学报,2006,28(6):681-686.
[18]高文元,祝振敏,井明波,等.风电机组变桨距系统神经网络模糊自适应控制[J].武汉理工大学学报,2008,30(4):533-536.
[19](法)D.勒古里雷斯著.施鹏飞译.风力机的理论与设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1985.
[20]陈云程,陈孝耀,朱成明,等.风力机设计与应用[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1990.
[21]Vladislav Akhmatov.Variable-Speed Wind Turbines with Doubly-Fed Induction Generators-part Ⅰ:Modelling in Dynamic simulation Tools[J].Wind Engineering 2002,26(2):85-108.
[22]董树新.大型风力发电机控制原理的研究[M].大连:大连理工大学,1999.
[23]Nicholas W.Miller,William W.Price.Dynamic Modeling of GE 1.5 and 3.6 Wind Turbine-Generators[R」.New York:General Electric Company,2003.
[24]张新房,徐大平,吕跃刚等.大型变速风力发电机组的自适应模糊控制[J].系统仿真学报,2004,16(3):573-577.
[25]Ezzeldin S.Abdin and Wilson Xu.Control design and dynamic performance analysis of a wind turbine-induction generator unit.IEEE Trans.On EC,2000.3(15):91-96.
[26]林勇刚.大型风力机变桨距控制技术研究[M].浙江:浙江大学,2005.
[27]邢钢,郭威.风力发电机组变桨距控制方法研究[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(5):181-186.
[28]袁海.兆瓦级风力机变桨距控制系统的研究[M].上海:上海交通大学,2007.
[29]厉伟,鲍洁秋,姚兴佳,等.基于ABB变频器的风电机组独立变距控制方案[J].沈阳工业大学学报,2008,30(6):628-631.
[30]刘林,麦云飞,宁李谱.兆瓦级风力发电机组电动变桨距控制系统设计[J].机械制造,2008,46(529):15-18.
[31]李非昊,王湛.风力发电机组变桨控制中光电编码器接口电路设计[J].计算机与数字工程,2009(3):186-189.
[32]Tony Burton,David Sharpe,Nick Jenkins,Ervin Bossanyi:Wind Energy Handbook.John Wiley &Sons Ltd.2005.
[33]Fernando D.Bianchi,Hernan De Battista and Ricardo J.Mantz:Wind Turbine Control Systems Principles,Modelling and Gain Scheduling Design Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg,2007.
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