用户名: 密码: 验证码:
冲击式水轮机电站系统水力过渡过程研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
随着水电事业的迅速发展,国内外已建和待建的水电站中有不少是高水头、小流量、长引水道的系统,如布德朗水电站、四方洞水电站、白水河二级水电站、麻线坪水电站等,这类电站由于水头范围以及气蚀和磨损等条件的限制,通常选用冲击式水轮机。这种机型以其特有的结构与工作特性,对水电站系统的过渡过程带来了一定的影响,本文在已成熟的混流式水轮机水力过渡过程数值仿真计算的理论基础上,通过修改边界条件、机组方程、调速器方程等,提出了专门针对冲击式水轮机水力过渡过程计算的一套理论及方法,其主要内容如下:
     第一章,指出本文研究的意义和目的,回顾前人对水力过渡过程、冲击式水轮机,以及上游调压室设置条件的研究成果,在此基础上提出本文的研究内容。
     第二章,提出水电站水力过渡过程的计算原理及方法,并列举了整个系统中的各种边界条件及其处理。
     第三章,从折向器动作的物理本质和冲击式水轮机特性曲线入手,推导出了折向器方程;分别针对单喷嘴和多喷嘴冲击式水轮机,提出了依据出力求解和依据转矩求解两种大波动过渡过程的计算理论,并通过工程实例得以验证。
     第四章,在大波动过渡过程计算理论的基础上,引入调速器方程及机组运动方程,形成小波动计算理论。并通过工程实例,对折向器在小波动过渡过程中的影响、喷嘴如何随负荷变化而切换等问题作了分析与探讨。
     第五章,以前面章节论证的冲击式水轮机过渡过程计算理论为基础,针对麻线坪电站实例,从大波动调保参数计算、小波动稳定性分析以及参与调频水力干扰计算三方面出发,分析论证了调压井在该类高水头长引水道电站中的作用。
     第六章,总结全文,提出今后研究的重点和方向。
With the rapid development of hydropower projects, there are lots of power stations built or to be built with the properties of high-head, low-discharge and long-conduit systems, such as Bradley, Sifangdong, Baishuihe secondary and Maxianpin power station etc. This kind of stations usually adopts water impulse turbines because of the limitations of water head, cavitation and friction. But owing to their special structures and running characteristics, impulse turbines usually bring special effects to hydraulic transients. So it is very significant to research the mechanisms on how the impulse turbines function during the transient process. This thesis will present a set of new theories and methods, mainly by establishing the equations of boundary, unit and governor, to give a solution on simulating the transient process by impulse turbines, which is also based on the mature simulation methodology for transient process by mixed-flow-turbines. The major contents are listed as follows:
    Chapter 1: Indicate the significance and objective of this paper, review the previous achievements of the transient process, impulse turbine and upper tank, and then present the study purpose of this paper.
    Chapter 2: Present the basic simulation methodology of transient flow and list all kinds of boundary conditions in the objective systems.
    Chapter 3: From the physical essences of deflector motions and the characteristic curves of impulse turbine, give the detailed deduction on new deflector formulas. And then, aiming at single-jet and multiple-jet impulse turbine models respectively, describe two sets of methods for large-wave-transient process, which can be verified by a practical example illustrated at the end of the chapter.
    Chapter 4: On the foundation of large-wave-transient theories, establish the theories for small-wave-transients by importing governor and unit motions equations. And then, through a practical example, give the discussions on the problems such as the influences on the small-wave-transients by deflector motions and how to adjust to jet numbers corresponding to the load changes etc.
    Chapter 5: Based on the previous fruits of this thesis and taking Maxianpin station as an example, demonstrate the functions of upper tanks in this kind of high-head and long-conduit stations by analyzing the calculation results of large-wave-transients, small-wave-transients and hydraulic perturbation.
    Chapter 6: Summarize the whole paper, and present the future research directions and emphasis.
引文
[1]吴荣樵、陈鉴治合编,水电站的水力过渡过程,中国水利水电出版社,1997.10
    [2]刘大恺主编,水轮机(第三版),中国水利水电出版社,1997.10
    [3]金钟元主编,水力机械(第二版),水利水电出版社,1992.6
    [4]霍沃尔德,布德朗水电站的发电机,水利水电快报,1999年5月第20卷第10期
    [5]刘保华,长引水隧洞电站调压室的水力计算及工况选择,水力发电学报,1995年第4期
    [6]闵凤宾,四方洞电站830m水头冲击式水轮机的研制,大电机技术,1994年02期
    [7]王承勇,白水河二级电站冲击式水轮机参数的确定,贵州水力发电,1998年12月第12卷第4期
    [8]孙邦彦,冲击式水轮机的转速调节,东方电机,1999年第4期
    [9]中华人民共和国电力工业部发布,水电站调压室设计规范,DL/T5058—1996,中国电力出版社
    [10]M.H.chaudry著,陈家远等译,实用水力过渡过程,四川省水力发电工程学会,1985.9
    [11]M.Hanif Chaudhry, Applied hydraulic transients, British Columbia Hydro and Power Authority Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, 1979
    [12]王世泽主编,水电站建筑物,水利水电出版社,1987.11
    [13]K.麦赫默德、V.叶夫耶维奇著,林秉南译,明渠非恒定流(第一卷),水利水电出版社,1987
    [14]周雪漪,计算水力学,清华大学出版社,1994.11
    [15]潘熙和、倪明、吴应文等,以礼河冲击式水轮机微机调速器的研制,长江科学院院报,1998.12
    [16]大内哲男、蒋菊平,电动接力器在水斗式水轮机折向器上的应用,国外大电机,1990.6
    [17]F.Collier、李明,布莱德里湖水电站冲击式水轮机控制方案的合成,国外大电机,1994
    [18]伍哲身,冲击式水轮机微机调速器运行参数的整定,小水电,2002.6
    [19]刘启钊、彭守拙合编,水电站调压室,水利水电出版社,1995.9
    [20]马善定、汪如泽合编,水电站建筑物(第二版),中国水利水电出版社,1996.10
    [21]魏先导主编,水力机组过渡过程计算,水利水电出版社,1991.7
    [22]L.wozniak, F.Collier and J.Foster, Digital Simulation of an Impulse Turbine: The Bradley Lake Project, IEEE Transaction on Energy Conversion, Vol.6, No.1, March 1991
    [23]史振声,水轮机,水利水电出版社,1992
    [24]马锐、宫游、窦纯玉,冲击式水轮机设计的探讨和发展趋势,大电机技术,2002.No.4
    [25]沈祖诒主编,水轮机调节(第三版),中国水利水电出版社,1998.5
    [26]杨建东等,湖北省沿渡河麻线坪水库电站坪堑调水工程水力—机械过渡过程计算研究(最终报告),武汉大学水电站过渡过程与控制重点实验室,2002.1
    
    
    [27]IO.Y.埃杰尔,水斗式水轮机(黄益生译),机械工业出版社
    [28]Guide to Specification of Hydrocurbine Control Systems, IEC61362, 1997.9
    [29]Federal Energy Regulation Committee, " Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement: Bradley Lake Project, " FERC No.8221, Sept.1985
    [30]Blair, P. and Wozniak, L., "Nolinear Simulation of Hydraulic Turbine Governor Systems, " Water Power and Dam Construction, September, 1976, pp.23-26
    [31]Sanathanan, C.K., "Accurate Low Order Model for Hydraulic Turbine-Penstock, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol.EC-2, No.2, June.1987
    [32]Wozniak and Fett, G.H., " Conduit Representation in Closed Loop Simulation of Hydroelectric Systems, " ASME Trans., Journal of Basic Engineering, Paper 71-WA/FE-26, September, 1972, pp.599-605
    [33]Franklin, G.F. and Powell, J.D. Digital Control of Dynamic Systems, Addison-Wesley, 1980, pp.54-61
    [34]Phillips, C.L. and Harbor, R.D., Computer Disks and Software Manual to Accompany Kuo.B.C. 'Feedback Control Systems'
    [35]吴应文、郭建业,新型水轮机调速器的研究与试验,水力发电,1982.2
    [36]黄昭山,冲击式水轮机调速器调试中的几个问题,水利水电建设,1991.4-20-24
    [37]陈建,浅谈冲击式水轮机调节控制系统的改进,水电站设计,1999.12,第15卷第4期
    [38]郑源、刘德友、索丽生,水电站引水系统取消尾水调压室过渡过程计算研究,河海大学学报,2000.3,第28卷第2期
    [39]R.Erickson, Maximum Slew-Rate Governor Control for Impulse Turbines, IEEE Transaction on Energy Conversion, Vol.6, No.3, September 1991
    [40]Murphy L.D., Wozniak L. and Whittemore T.A., "A Digital Governor for Hydrogenerators", IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol.3, No.4, December 1988, pp.780-784
    [41]Orelind G., Wozniak L., Medanic J. and Whittemore T., "Optimal PID Gain Schedule for Hydrogenerators—Design and Application", IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol.4, No.3, September 1989, pp.300-307
    [42]Jaeger、Joeseph A. and Wozniak L., "Maximum-Slew-Rate Control for Hydrogenerators", ASME trans., Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, Vol.109, April, 1987, pp.152-8
    [43]季盛林、刘国柱主编,水轮机(第二版),水力水电出版社,1986
    [44]E.B.怀利,V.L 斯特里特著.清华大学流体传动与控制教研组译,瞬变流,北京,水利电力出版社,1983.2。
    [45]C.耶格尔著,王树人等译,水力不稳定流,大连工学院出版社,1987。
    [46]M.Dubas,冲击式水轮机能量转换的若干理论探讨,水利水电快报,1995年第18期
    [47]田树棠,冲击式水轮机及其选择方法,西北水电,1997年第1期
    [48]S.卢卡斯、J.伯顿,新型冲击式水轮机的开发,水利水电快报,2002年第2期
    
    
    [49]兰焕中,多喷嘴水轮机专用调速器,贵州科学,2002.12,第20卷第4期
    [50]梁瞬,斜击式水轮机折向器影响出力的原因及处理,小水电,2003年第3期
    [51]M.E.加斯,竖轴冲击式水轮机的现代化和性能改进,水利水电快报,1998.12第19卷第24期
    [52]刘宇华、马锐,高水头冲击式水轮机的设计与发展趋势的探讨,西北水电,2003年第2期
    [53]S.里斯伯格等,高性能冲击式水轮机的设计与制造,水利水电快报,2003.3第24卷第5期

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700