红树林潮间带污染对大型底栖节肢动物群落的影响
摘要
本论文以东寨港红树林潮间带为研究区域,分别在2009年12月、2010年3月和7月对该区域大型底栖节肢动物和一些主要的污染物因子进行了取样调查和测试研究。具体研究了大型底栖节肢动物的群落结构及其多样性;测试了污染因子和部分优势蟹类的重金属富集量。首次利用潮间带底栖节肢动物多样性等做为生物检测指标,结合水体富营养化、重金属含量等化学指标来综合评价潮间带的浅层水体和沉积环境的质量,以利于评价红树林潮间带湿地生态系统的健康状况。具体研究结果有:
1.通过对8个采样点23个站位的调查,共获得底栖节肢动物34种,隶属2纲14科;方蟹科和沙蟹是主要类群,其中弧边招潮蟹(Uca arcuata)、双齿近相手蟹(Perisesarma bidens)、原足虫(Kalliapseudes tomiokaensis)、锯眼泥蟹(Ilyoplax serrata)及另一种泥蟹(Ilyoplax sp.)是较普遍的优势种;平均栖息密度和生物量均显示不同潮滩间差异不显著,而冬季与春、夏两季都存在显著差异。
2.整个研究区域的物种种类数S、Margalef丰富度指数d、Shannon-Wiener物种多样性指数H′和均匀性指数J皆表现为冬季<春季<夏季,生物多样性也依次上升。Margalef丰富度指数评价的生物评价结果为:冬季水体中度污染、春夏两季清洁。
3.水体的富营养化情况为:夏季全部取样点均达到富营养化,部分样点的营养指数超出临界值4的1倍多,冬季和春季近50%取样点也出现富营养化。水体的COD与叶绿素a含量在春夏量季极显著相关,相关系数分别为0.799和0.595。
4.沉积物有机质平均含量都表明春季>冬季>夏季;中潮滩>高潮滩>低潮滩;表层>深层。且78%的调查站位的沉积物属第一类,有机碳含量低于2%。
5.所有站位均出现了不同程度的重金属超标,整体水平上呈现表层>深层。沉积物质量分析结果为T2沉积物质量属第二类,其他基本属于第一类,Cu、Pb、Cr和Zn含量分别少于35mg/kg、60 mg/kg、80 mg/kg和150 mg/kg,整个区域沉积物质量良好。
6.泥蟹1栖息密度与沉积物有机质含量显著负相关;原足虫的栖息密度及其生物量与叶绿素a呈显著正相关,生物量与Cu、Pb、Zn显著正相关;弧边招潮蟹的生物量上与叶绿素a、营养指数、Zn有较高水平的显著正相关;双齿近相手蟹的生物量与COD、N1、Cu、Pb、Zn等多个因子显著正相关。
7.随冬、春、夏的季节更替,氮磷比持续上升;而且在夏季,各个群落参数与水体富营养化的几乎全部指标呈负相关,与夏季水体达富营养化相吻合。有机质含量在春季能对平均生物量的产生显著负向影响;Cu、Pb在夏季能对平均生物量的产生显著负向影响。
8.双齿近相手蟹、弧边招潮蟹、宽额大额蟹三个不同潮滩的优势种肌肉中Cu和Zn的平均富集量也远远高于对Pb和Cr,且对Cu达到富集水平。其中,双齿近相手蟹肌肉内Cu的富集量及其对Cu的富集系数最大,弧边招潮蟹肌肉内Zn的富集量及其对Zn的富集系数最大。
The community structures of benthic macro-arthropods and principal pollutants in intertidal zone of Dongzhaigang Natural Mangrove Reserves were investigated and tested on December, 2009, March,2010 and July, 2010 respectively. The community structure and diversity of benthic macro-arthropods were studied, and pollutants and heavy metal accumulation of some dominant crab bodies were tested. In addition, The community diversity of benthic macro-arthropods were used as biological indicators at first time, and along with chemical indices of water eutrophication and heavy metal content to evaluate the quality of shallow water and the sedimentary environment in the intertidal zone, and the health of the study area was better assessed by these indicators The detailed results as follows.
1. Sampling procedures were conducted at 23 stations on 8 sampling points, and benthic arthropods total 34 species belonging to 2 classes, 14 families were collected and identified; among these Grapsidae and Ocypodidae were the most abundant groups, and Uca arcuata, Perisesarma bidens, Kalliapseudes tomiokaensis, Ilyoplax serrata and another mud crab (Ilyoplax sp.) were the common dominant species. Average density and biomass at different intertidal levels were different but not significantly. However, some significant differences observed between winter and spring and between winter and summer.
2. In the entire study area, the number of species, Margalef richness index d, Shannon-Wiener diversity index H′and evenness index J in spring were higher than those in winter, and all the these indices were highest in summer, so that the biological diversity also increased by seasons. Evaluation by Margalef richness index showed the water was moderately polluted in winter, but not in spring or summer.
3. The result of eutrophication analysis indicated that all the sampling points were eutrophicated in summer, the nutritional indices of some points were one times higher than the critical level, about 50% of sampling points in spring and winter also appeared eutrophication. The content of COD and chlorophyll a in water were significantly correlated in spring and summer, the correlation coefficients were 0.799 and 0.595, respectively .
4. The average organic matter contents of sediments in winter were higher than in summer, and the highest occurred in spring, and higher in high-intertidal than in low-intertidal level,and the highest appeared in middle-intertidal level. Results also showed that the organic matter was profuser in surface soil than that in deep soil. And the quality of Sediments in 78% sampling points were included in the first category, the organic carbon contents were less than 2%.
5. The content of heavy metals exceeded the critical value in all the stations, with those in the surface soil higher that in deep soil. The quality of sediment belong to the first category, except the quality of T2 sediment are the second category, The contents of Cu, Pb, Cr and Zn were less than 35mg/kg, 60 mg/kg, 80 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg, the whole study region showed good.
6. The density of Mud crab1 (Ilyoplax sp.) was negatively correlated with the organic matter content in sediment. The density and biomass of Kalliapseudes tomiokaensis were significantly positively correlated with chlorophyll a, and its biomass was significantly positively correlated with the contents of heavy metal Pb, Cu and Zn. The biomass of Uca arcuata was significantly positively correlated with chlorophyll a, nutrient indices, and the content of Zn. The biomass of Perisesarma bidens was significantly positively correlated with COD, nutrient indices, the contents of Pb, Cu and Zn.
7. The ratio of Nitrogen to phosphorus increased in the order of winter, spring, and summer. Almost all parameters were negatively correlated with the summer water eutrophication, the result is consistent with the eutrophication of water in summer. Content of organic matter in spring can have a significantly negative impact to the average biomass, and only heavy metal Cu and Pb can have a significantly negative impact to the average biomass in the summer.
8. Uca arcuata, Perisesarma bidens and Metopograpsus frontalis were dominant species in three tide levels, the average accumulation of Cu and Zn in their muscle were much higher than the amount of Pb and Cr, and the enrichment coefficients of Cu achieved enrichment levels. Among them, Cu of Perisesarma bidens and its enrichment coefficients for Cu is largest, as well as Zn with Uca arcuata.
1.通过对8个采样点23个站位的调查,共获得底栖节肢动物34种,隶属2纲14科;方蟹科和沙蟹是主要类群,其中弧边招潮蟹(Uca arcuata)、双齿近相手蟹(Perisesarma bidens)、原足虫(Kalliapseudes tomiokaensis)、锯眼泥蟹(Ilyoplax serrata)及另一种泥蟹(Ilyoplax sp.)是较普遍的优势种;平均栖息密度和生物量均显示不同潮滩间差异不显著,而冬季与春、夏两季都存在显著差异。
2.整个研究区域的物种种类数S、Margalef丰富度指数d、Shannon-Wiener物种多样性指数H′和均匀性指数J皆表现为冬季<春季<夏季,生物多样性也依次上升。Margalef丰富度指数评价的生物评价结果为:冬季水体中度污染、春夏两季清洁。
3.水体的富营养化情况为:夏季全部取样点均达到富营养化,部分样点的营养指数超出临界值4的1倍多,冬季和春季近50%取样点也出现富营养化。水体的COD与叶绿素a含量在春夏量季极显著相关,相关系数分别为0.799和0.595。
4.沉积物有机质平均含量都表明春季>冬季>夏季;中潮滩>高潮滩>低潮滩;表层>深层。且78%的调查站位的沉积物属第一类,有机碳含量低于2%。
5.所有站位均出现了不同程度的重金属超标,整体水平上呈现表层>深层。沉积物质量分析结果为T2沉积物质量属第二类,其他基本属于第一类,Cu、Pb、Cr和Zn含量分别少于35mg/kg、60 mg/kg、80 mg/kg和150 mg/kg,整个区域沉积物质量良好。
6.泥蟹1栖息密度与沉积物有机质含量显著负相关;原足虫的栖息密度及其生物量与叶绿素a呈显著正相关,生物量与Cu、Pb、Zn显著正相关;弧边招潮蟹的生物量上与叶绿素a、营养指数、Zn有较高水平的显著正相关;双齿近相手蟹的生物量与COD、N1、Cu、Pb、Zn等多个因子显著正相关。
7.随冬、春、夏的季节更替,氮磷比持续上升;而且在夏季,各个群落参数与水体富营养化的几乎全部指标呈负相关,与夏季水体达富营养化相吻合。有机质含量在春季能对平均生物量的产生显著负向影响;Cu、Pb在夏季能对平均生物量的产生显著负向影响。
8.双齿近相手蟹、弧边招潮蟹、宽额大额蟹三个不同潮滩的优势种肌肉中Cu和Zn的平均富集量也远远高于对Pb和Cr,且对Cu达到富集水平。其中,双齿近相手蟹肌肉内Cu的富集量及其对Cu的富集系数最大,弧边招潮蟹肌肉内Zn的富集量及其对Zn的富集系数最大。
The community structures of benthic macro-arthropods and principal pollutants in intertidal zone of Dongzhaigang Natural Mangrove Reserves were investigated and tested on December, 2009, March,2010 and July, 2010 respectively. The community structure and diversity of benthic macro-arthropods were studied, and pollutants and heavy metal accumulation of some dominant crab bodies were tested. In addition, The community diversity of benthic macro-arthropods were used as biological indicators at first time, and along with chemical indices of water eutrophication and heavy metal content to evaluate the quality of shallow water and the sedimentary environment in the intertidal zone, and the health of the study area was better assessed by these indicators The detailed results as follows.
1. Sampling procedures were conducted at 23 stations on 8 sampling points, and benthic arthropods total 34 species belonging to 2 classes, 14 families were collected and identified; among these Grapsidae and Ocypodidae were the most abundant groups, and Uca arcuata, Perisesarma bidens, Kalliapseudes tomiokaensis, Ilyoplax serrata and another mud crab (Ilyoplax sp.) were the common dominant species. Average density and biomass at different intertidal levels were different but not significantly. However, some significant differences observed between winter and spring and between winter and summer.
2. In the entire study area, the number of species, Margalef richness index d, Shannon-Wiener diversity index H′and evenness index J in spring were higher than those in winter, and all the these indices were highest in summer, so that the biological diversity also increased by seasons. Evaluation by Margalef richness index showed the water was moderately polluted in winter, but not in spring or summer.
3. The result of eutrophication analysis indicated that all the sampling points were eutrophicated in summer, the nutritional indices of some points were one times higher than the critical level, about 50% of sampling points in spring and winter also appeared eutrophication. The content of COD and chlorophyll a in water were significantly correlated in spring and summer, the correlation coefficients were 0.799 and 0.595, respectively .
4. The average organic matter contents of sediments in winter were higher than in summer, and the highest occurred in spring, and higher in high-intertidal than in low-intertidal level,and the highest appeared in middle-intertidal level. Results also showed that the organic matter was profuser in surface soil than that in deep soil. And the quality of Sediments in 78% sampling points were included in the first category, the organic carbon contents were less than 2%.
5. The content of heavy metals exceeded the critical value in all the stations, with those in the surface soil higher that in deep soil. The quality of sediment belong to the first category, except the quality of T2 sediment are the second category, The contents of Cu, Pb, Cr and Zn were less than 35mg/kg, 60 mg/kg, 80 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg, the whole study region showed good.
6. The density of Mud crab1 (Ilyoplax sp.) was negatively correlated with the organic matter content in sediment. The density and biomass of Kalliapseudes tomiokaensis were significantly positively correlated with chlorophyll a, and its biomass was significantly positively correlated with the contents of heavy metal Pb, Cu and Zn. The biomass of Uca arcuata was significantly positively correlated with chlorophyll a, nutrient indices, and the content of Zn. The biomass of Perisesarma bidens was significantly positively correlated with COD, nutrient indices, the contents of Pb, Cu and Zn.
7. The ratio of Nitrogen to phosphorus increased in the order of winter, spring, and summer. Almost all parameters were negatively correlated with the summer water eutrophication, the result is consistent with the eutrophication of water in summer. Content of organic matter in spring can have a significantly negative impact to the average biomass, and only heavy metal Cu and Pb can have a significantly negative impact to the average biomass in the summer.
8. Uca arcuata, Perisesarma bidens and Metopograpsus frontalis were dominant species in three tide levels, the average accumulation of Cu and Zn in their muscle were much higher than the amount of Pb and Cr, and the enrichment coefficients of Cu achieved enrichment levels. Among them, Cu of Perisesarma bidens and its enrichment coefficients for Cu is largest, as well as Zn with Uca arcuata.
引文
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