数据链仿真中多平台联合仿真技术研究
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摘要
在数据链仿真中,节点移动性仿真、物理层仿真以及地形与电磁环境仿真是研究者所关心的关键问题,而基于网络层引擎的仿真平台无法对这些问题进行精确建模,需要与专业仿真工具进行联合仿真。针对这些问题,本文在对现有的联合仿真技术进行研究的基础上,提出了一种多平台联合仿真解决方案。
为了在数据链仿真平台中完成节点移动性仿真,本文给出了基于STK与OPNET联合仿真的导弹节点移动性建模方法。首先在STK中进行导弹弹道轨迹建模,然后采用离线仿真策略在数据链仿真平台中建立移动进程模型,最终在仿真平台中实现导弹节点的移动性仿真,仿真结果表明,导弹飞行过程对系统通信性能具有显著影响。同时,也验证了所提移动性建模方法的有效性。
在物理层仿真中,由于OPNET的无线管道阶段对电磁传播过程是基于数据包的方式来进行计算的,其建模过程对物理层模型做了很多简化,忽略了许多物理特性。针对这个问题,本文采用Simulink与OPNET仿真平台联合仿真的策略,首先在Simulink中建立物理层跳频系统的模型,然后设计Simulink与OPNET的联合仿真接口,最终在仿真平台中实现对快速跳频通信系统的仿真。
为了解决OPNET仿真平台对地形与电磁环境建模能力不足的问题,本文在Wireless InSite中对无线信号的传播特性进行建模,采用射线跟踪法计算路径损失、接收功率以及时延扩展等参数值,并在OPNET平台中设计与Wireless InSite的联合仿真接口,从而在仿真平台中实现了复杂地形与电磁环境下的信号传输建模,扩展了OPNET的仿真能力。仿真结果表明,加载后的数据链仿真平台对电磁传播的建模更加接近于真实的情况。
In the data link simulation, the modeling of node's mobility, physical layer, terrain and electromagnetic environment is the research hot spot, while the data link simulation platform based on the network layer engine can not accurately model these problems. Thus, we need to perform joint simulation using multiple professional simulation tools. Based on deeply study on current joint simulation technologies, this paper proposes a multi-platform joint simulation scheme to efficiently solve these research hot spots.
In order to model the node's mobility in the data link simulation, we design joint simulation methods based on the STK and OPNET platform for the missile nodes. Firstly, we build up the missiles'trajectories models on STK platform. Then, we establish the process model for node's mobility in the OPNET simulation platform by using offline joint simulation scheme. Finally, we implement the motion model for the missile or other wireless nodes. The results validate the effective of proposed scheme by showing the mobility's significant affect on communication performance of data link system.
Because the OPNET pipeline stages compute the electromagnetic propagation behaviors in packet mode, which ignores several important physical characteristics of the procedure and makes several simplify assumption about the physical layer, the simulation results are not accurate. This paper deploys joint simulation scheme based on Simulink and OPNET to solve this problem. Firstly, we devise a frequency hopping system in Simulink. Then, we design a communication interface between Simulink and OPNET. Finally, a fast frequency hopping simulation is implemented in the simulation platform.
The terrain and electromagnetic simulation in OPNET platform is not precise. Therefore, by using the Wireless InSite software, this paper establishes a model representing the propagation process of wireless signal under complex terrain and electromagnetic environment. We calculate the pass loss, delay spread and receiving power using the ray tracing method. Moreover, we propose a joint simulation interface between OPNET and Wireless InSite, which expands the simulation ability of the OPNET platform. The results validate that the expanded platform can be used for accurate signal propagation model in complex terrain and electromagnetic environment.
为了在数据链仿真平台中完成节点移动性仿真,本文给出了基于STK与OPNET联合仿真的导弹节点移动性建模方法。首先在STK中进行导弹弹道轨迹建模,然后采用离线仿真策略在数据链仿真平台中建立移动进程模型,最终在仿真平台中实现导弹节点的移动性仿真,仿真结果表明,导弹飞行过程对系统通信性能具有显著影响。同时,也验证了所提移动性建模方法的有效性。
在物理层仿真中,由于OPNET的无线管道阶段对电磁传播过程是基于数据包的方式来进行计算的,其建模过程对物理层模型做了很多简化,忽略了许多物理特性。针对这个问题,本文采用Simulink与OPNET仿真平台联合仿真的策略,首先在Simulink中建立物理层跳频系统的模型,然后设计Simulink与OPNET的联合仿真接口,最终在仿真平台中实现对快速跳频通信系统的仿真。
为了解决OPNET仿真平台对地形与电磁环境建模能力不足的问题,本文在Wireless InSite中对无线信号的传播特性进行建模,采用射线跟踪法计算路径损失、接收功率以及时延扩展等参数值,并在OPNET平台中设计与Wireless InSite的联合仿真接口,从而在仿真平台中实现了复杂地形与电磁环境下的信号传输建模,扩展了OPNET的仿真能力。仿真结果表明,加载后的数据链仿真平台对电磁传播的建模更加接近于真实的情况。
In the data link simulation, the modeling of node's mobility, physical layer, terrain and electromagnetic environment is the research hot spot, while the data link simulation platform based on the network layer engine can not accurately model these problems. Thus, we need to perform joint simulation using multiple professional simulation tools. Based on deeply study on current joint simulation technologies, this paper proposes a multi-platform joint simulation scheme to efficiently solve these research hot spots.
In order to model the node's mobility in the data link simulation, we design joint simulation methods based on the STK and OPNET platform for the missile nodes. Firstly, we build up the missiles'trajectories models on STK platform. Then, we establish the process model for node's mobility in the OPNET simulation platform by using offline joint simulation scheme. Finally, we implement the motion model for the missile or other wireless nodes. The results validate the effective of proposed scheme by showing the mobility's significant affect on communication performance of data link system.
Because the OPNET pipeline stages compute the electromagnetic propagation behaviors in packet mode, which ignores several important physical characteristics of the procedure and makes several simplify assumption about the physical layer, the simulation results are not accurate. This paper deploys joint simulation scheme based on Simulink and OPNET to solve this problem. Firstly, we devise a frequency hopping system in Simulink. Then, we design a communication interface between Simulink and OPNET. Finally, a fast frequency hopping simulation is implemented in the simulation platform.
The terrain and electromagnetic simulation in OPNET platform is not precise. Therefore, by using the Wireless InSite software, this paper establishes a model representing the propagation process of wireless signal under complex terrain and electromagnetic environment. We calculate the pass loss, delay spread and receiving power using the ray tracing method. Moreover, we propose a joint simulation interface between OPNET and Wireless InSite, which expands the simulation ability of the OPNET platform. The results validate that the expanded platform can be used for accurate signal propagation model in complex terrain and electromagnetic environment.
引文
[1]Darby E.. Design Review of the Controller-Pilot Data Link Communications-Build 1(CPDLC-1) Functionality and Computer-Human Interface for the Display System Replacement. In:aaa.1998:46-62.
[2]骆光明.数据链--信息系统连接武器系统的捷径.北京：国防工业出版社,2008.
[3]Goldstein F.. JTIDS/Multi-Link Test Device (NILTD) Laboratory Environment Test System. In:MILCOM.1997:413-418.
[4]Dod U.. Interface Standard Digital Message Transfer Device Subsystem.2002.
[5]邵玉斌.MATLAB/Simulink通信系统建模与仿真实例分析.北京：清华大学出版社,2008.
[6]OPNET. http://www.opnet.com.
[7]陈敏.OPNET网络仿真.北京：清华大学出版社,2004.
[8]Joseph Yadegar, Mario Gerla D. K.. Mobility Aware Routing For The Airborne Network Backbone. In:IEEE Military Communications Conference.2008:716-721.
[9]陈利虎,王永明,王世练,张尔扬.基于卫星中继的导弹飞控数据链链路分析.航天电子对抗.2008,24(2)：8-11.
[10]黎方正.基于NS2的航空自组网节点移动模型仿真研究.通信技术.2009,42(1)：186-188.
[11]张宇,黄刘生.移动节点在IEEE802.15.4中网络性能的研究.计算机工程与应用.2007,43(9)：125-130.
[12]李琳琳,孙继银,姚志成.巡航导弹飞行控制数据链技术研究.现代防御技术.2008,36(2)：78-85.
[13]姜百汇,米小川,游志成.数据链技术在国外飞航导弹上的应用.飞航导弹.2008,10(8)：30-33.
[14]边疆.业务模型和移动模型的建模仿真与应用.北京邮电大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[15]张行文,孙宝林.Ad Hoc网络移动模型研究.计算机工程与应用.2006,42(29)：126-128.
[16]秦宁宁,张林,山秀明,徐保国.无线传感器网络启发式移动轨迹策略的研究.电子与信息学报.2008,30(3)：707-711.
[17]T. Camp, J. Boleng. A Survey of Mobility Models for Ad Hoc Network Research. In:Wireless Communication & Mobile Computing(WCMC):Special issue on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking:research, Trends and Applications.2002.483-502.
[18]闫鲁生,周音.基于OPNET的移动IP建模与仿真.系统仿真学报.2005,17(7)：1788-1791.
[19]Inc A G. STK User's Manual for PSS.1998.
[20]Mineo Takai, Jay Martin R. B.. Effects of Wireless Physical Layer Modeling in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks.2nd ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking & computing.1998,31(10):77-85.
[21]王文君,黄德所,何幼林,程志高.基于OPNET的跳频无线通信网络仿真模型研究.网络通讯及安全.2008,10(2)：425-428.
[22]Standfield R. G.. OPNET Implementation of Spread Spectrum Network for Voice and Data Distribution. master, navy postgraduate school,1997.
[23]司马苗.超短波跳频电台的数据传输.西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2001.
[24]李军,张文明,王雪松.基于HLA/Simulink的跳频通信对抗仿真系统开发.电光与控制.2006,13(6)：38-42.
[25]Michael Cho-hoi, Chek Y. K.. On Adaptive Frequency Hopping to Combat Coexistence Interference between Bluetooth and IEEE 802.11b with Practical Resource Constraints. In:7th International Symposium on Parallel Architectures, Algorithms and Networks.2004:1271-1275.
[26]陈敏,张金文,韦岗.OPNET无线信道建模.计算机工程与应用.2003,25：62-70.
[27]Xuexia Yang. Research on Propagation Characteristics of Millimeter Wave in Tunnels. Int J Infrared Milli Waves.2007,28:901-909.
[28]Inc REMCOM. Wireless InSite User's Manual.2008.
[29]赵伟.基于OPNET的某数据链建模与仿真.国防科技大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[30]L. J.. The cellular CNS concept (CCC) operating concept based on the VHF STDMA data link. Navigation.1996,44(176):432-459.
[31]黄高阳,黄英君,骆志刚,管乃洋,潘志辉.数据链中无连接可靠传输协议的设计与仿真.系统仿真学报.2009,21(11增刊)：211-216.
[32]F. bouchhima, M. brierel, G. nicolescul, M. abid. A SystemC/Simulink Co-Simulation Framework for Continuous/Discrete-Events Simulation[J]. Behavioral Modeling and Simulation Workshop.2006,31(12):211-216.
[33]乔海泉,田新华,黄柯棣.将Simulink模型用于HLA仿真.系统仿真学报.2006,18(2)：335_337+400.
[34]Sven Pawletta, Wolfgang Drewelow T. P.. HLA-based simulation within an interactive engineering environment.4th IEEE International Workshop on Distributed Simulation and Real-Time Applications.2000.97-102.
[35]郭斌,熊光楞,陈晓波.MATLAB与HLA/RTI通用适配器的研究与实现.系统仿真学报.2004,16(6)：1275-1279.
[36]Dham V.. Link Establishment in Ad Hoc Networks Using Smart Antennas. master, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,2003.
[37]吴春波,张靖.导弹模拟训练器动画的Open GVS实现.海军航空工程学院学报.2005,20(2)：257-260.
[38]袁天保,刘新建,申慧君,秦子增,谷立祥,付维贤.弹道导弹滚动飞行稳定仿真.国防科技大学学报.国防科技大学学报.2004,26(2)：9-12.
[39]陶文圣,黄杰.某型弹道导弹自由段飞行弹道仿真.四川兵工学报.2007,3：27-31.
[40]Inc A G.. STK/VO User's Manual for win95/NT.1998.
[41]Inc A G.. STK Connect for engineering workstations &PCS.1998.
[42]康志宇,赵育善.基于STK的导弹飞行数据快速可视化仿真实现.弹箭与制导学报.2004,24(2)：1-4.
[43]于博文.短波跳频通信中自适应选频系统的研究和设计.上海交通大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[44]郭建蓬,王可人,蔡小霞,陈红.Link16数据链消息同步段有效干扰策略研究.电子对抗技术.2005,20(1)：3-8.
[45]陈春明,王可人,郭建蓬.基于OPNET的网络仿真平台的J号战术数据链仿真.解放军电子工程学院学报.2005.
[46]陆祎敏.UWB天线的分析与设计及信号在限定空间的传播研究.上海大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[47]Gavin Yeung, Mineo Takai, Rajive Bagrodia, Alireza Mehrnia B. D.. Detailed OFDM Modeling in Network Simulation of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. In:18th Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Simulation.2004.357-362.
[48]乔海泉.并行仿真引擎及其相关技术研究.国防科技大学博士学位论文,2006.
[49]George F. Riley, Richard M. Fujimoto M. H. A.. A generic framework for parallelization of network simulations. In:Seventh International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems.1999.
[50]Haowu, Richard, M Fujimoto G. R.. Experiences parallelizing a commercial network simulator. In:2001 Winter Simulation Conference.2001.1353-1360.
[51]Strabburger S.. Distributed simulation based on the High Level Architecture in civilian application domains. Otto-von-Guericke University,2000.
[2]骆光明.数据链--信息系统连接武器系统的捷径.北京：国防工业出版社,2008.
[3]Goldstein F.. JTIDS/Multi-Link Test Device (NILTD) Laboratory Environment Test System. In:MILCOM.1997:413-418.
[4]Dod U.. Interface Standard Digital Message Transfer Device Subsystem.2002.
[5]邵玉斌.MATLAB/Simulink通信系统建模与仿真实例分析.北京：清华大学出版社,2008.
[6]OPNET. http://www.opnet.com.
[7]陈敏.OPNET网络仿真.北京：清华大学出版社,2004.
[8]Joseph Yadegar, Mario Gerla D. K.. Mobility Aware Routing For The Airborne Network Backbone. In:IEEE Military Communications Conference.2008:716-721.
[9]陈利虎,王永明,王世练,张尔扬.基于卫星中继的导弹飞控数据链链路分析.航天电子对抗.2008,24(2)：8-11.
[10]黎方正.基于NS2的航空自组网节点移动模型仿真研究.通信技术.2009,42(1)：186-188.
[11]张宇,黄刘生.移动节点在IEEE802.15.4中网络性能的研究.计算机工程与应用.2007,43(9)：125-130.
[12]李琳琳,孙继银,姚志成.巡航导弹飞行控制数据链技术研究.现代防御技术.2008,36(2)：78-85.
[13]姜百汇,米小川,游志成.数据链技术在国外飞航导弹上的应用.飞航导弹.2008,10(8)：30-33.
[14]边疆.业务模型和移动模型的建模仿真与应用.北京邮电大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[15]张行文,孙宝林.Ad Hoc网络移动模型研究.计算机工程与应用.2006,42(29)：126-128.
[16]秦宁宁,张林,山秀明,徐保国.无线传感器网络启发式移动轨迹策略的研究.电子与信息学报.2008,30(3)：707-711.
[17]T. Camp, J. Boleng. A Survey of Mobility Models for Ad Hoc Network Research. In:Wireless Communication & Mobile Computing(WCMC):Special issue on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking:research, Trends and Applications.2002.483-502.
[18]闫鲁生,周音.基于OPNET的移动IP建模与仿真.系统仿真学报.2005,17(7)：1788-1791.
[19]Inc A G. STK User's Manual for PSS.1998.
[20]Mineo Takai, Jay Martin R. B.. Effects of Wireless Physical Layer Modeling in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks.2nd ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking & computing.1998,31(10):77-85.
[21]王文君,黄德所,何幼林,程志高.基于OPNET的跳频无线通信网络仿真模型研究.网络通讯及安全.2008,10(2)：425-428.
[22]Standfield R. G.. OPNET Implementation of Spread Spectrum Network for Voice and Data Distribution. master, navy postgraduate school,1997.
[23]司马苗.超短波跳频电台的数据传输.西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2001.
[24]李军,张文明,王雪松.基于HLA/Simulink的跳频通信对抗仿真系统开发.电光与控制.2006,13(6)：38-42.
[25]Michael Cho-hoi, Chek Y. K.. On Adaptive Frequency Hopping to Combat Coexistence Interference between Bluetooth and IEEE 802.11b with Practical Resource Constraints. In:7th International Symposium on Parallel Architectures, Algorithms and Networks.2004:1271-1275.
[26]陈敏,张金文,韦岗.OPNET无线信道建模.计算机工程与应用.2003,25：62-70.
[27]Xuexia Yang. Research on Propagation Characteristics of Millimeter Wave in Tunnels. Int J Infrared Milli Waves.2007,28:901-909.
[28]Inc REMCOM. Wireless InSite User's Manual.2008.
[29]赵伟.基于OPNET的某数据链建模与仿真.国防科技大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[30]L. J.. The cellular CNS concept (CCC) operating concept based on the VHF STDMA data link. Navigation.1996,44(176):432-459.
[31]黄高阳,黄英君,骆志刚,管乃洋,潘志辉.数据链中无连接可靠传输协议的设计与仿真.系统仿真学报.2009,21(11增刊)：211-216.
[32]F. bouchhima, M. brierel, G. nicolescul, M. abid. A SystemC/Simulink Co-Simulation Framework for Continuous/Discrete-Events Simulation[J]. Behavioral Modeling and Simulation Workshop.2006,31(12):211-216.
[33]乔海泉,田新华,黄柯棣.将Simulink模型用于HLA仿真.系统仿真学报.2006,18(2)：335_337+400.
[34]Sven Pawletta, Wolfgang Drewelow T. P.. HLA-based simulation within an interactive engineering environment.4th IEEE International Workshop on Distributed Simulation and Real-Time Applications.2000.97-102.
[35]郭斌,熊光楞,陈晓波.MATLAB与HLA/RTI通用适配器的研究与实现.系统仿真学报.2004,16(6)：1275-1279.
[36]Dham V.. Link Establishment in Ad Hoc Networks Using Smart Antennas. master, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,2003.
[37]吴春波,张靖.导弹模拟训练器动画的Open GVS实现.海军航空工程学院学报.2005,20(2)：257-260.
[38]袁天保,刘新建,申慧君,秦子增,谷立祥,付维贤.弹道导弹滚动飞行稳定仿真.国防科技大学学报.国防科技大学学报.2004,26(2)：9-12.
[39]陶文圣,黄杰.某型弹道导弹自由段飞行弹道仿真.四川兵工学报.2007,3：27-31.
[40]Inc A G.. STK/VO User's Manual for win95/NT.1998.
[41]Inc A G.. STK Connect for engineering workstations &PCS.1998.
[42]康志宇,赵育善.基于STK的导弹飞行数据快速可视化仿真实现.弹箭与制导学报.2004,24(2)：1-4.
[43]于博文.短波跳频通信中自适应选频系统的研究和设计.上海交通大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[44]郭建蓬,王可人,蔡小霞,陈红.Link16数据链消息同步段有效干扰策略研究.电子对抗技术.2005,20(1)：3-8.
[45]陈春明,王可人,郭建蓬.基于OPNET的网络仿真平台的J号战术数据链仿真.解放军电子工程学院学报.2005.
[46]陆祎敏.UWB天线的分析与设计及信号在限定空间的传播研究.上海大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[47]Gavin Yeung, Mineo Takai, Rajive Bagrodia, Alireza Mehrnia B. D.. Detailed OFDM Modeling in Network Simulation of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. In:18th Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Simulation.2004.357-362.
[48]乔海泉.并行仿真引擎及其相关技术研究.国防科技大学博士学位论文,2006.
[49]George F. Riley, Richard M. Fujimoto M. H. A.. A generic framework for parallelization of network simulations. In:Seventh International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems.1999.
[50]Haowu, Richard, M Fujimoto G. R.. Experiences parallelizing a commercial network simulator. In:2001 Winter Simulation Conference.2001.1353-1360.
[51]Strabburger S.. Distributed simulation based on the High Level Architecture in civilian application domains. Otto-von-Guericke University,2000.