喷管气流反推减后坐武器系统关键技术研究
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摘要
喷管气流反推减后坐技术是近年来研究广泛的一种有效减小武器后坐力的新技术。本文通过分析喷管前置式低后坐武器的内弹道过程,详细了解喷管气流反推减后坐技术特点,提出了喷管后置式低后坐武器的全新概念。运用两相流内弹道理论、外弹道理论、超音速流场气体动力学理论对喷管后置式低后坐武器发射性能进行了深入研究和探索。主要内容如下：
1.运用内弹道理论对喷管前置式低后坐武器建立了一维两相流内弹道模型。得出了膛内和喷管内气、固相各关键参量的变化规律。同时计算了普通自动步枪内弹道过程,将两种结构的计算结果进行了对比分析,深入了解了喷管前置式低后坐武器性能的优越性。
2.在喷管前置式低后坐武器结构的基础上,提出并设计了喷管后置式低后坐武器结构,申请了国防发明专利。对有、无喷管减后坐结构分别建立了双一维两相流内弹道模型。发现了影响其发射性能的各关键参数,得出了喷管结构参数的改变对喷管气流反推减后坐技术减后坐效率的影响趋势。
3.针对喷管后置式低后坐武器特殊结构设计了新型环形空心弹丸结构,对环形空心弹丸建立了超音速流场三维模型。对弹丸的外弹道飞行过程建立了弹丸质心运动模型。并与普通弹丸计算结果进行对比,详细了解了环形空心弹丸的空气动力学特性,对环形空心弹丸的结构进行了改进。
4.针对喷管气流反推减后坐技术建立了喷口外流场轴对称二维模型,并进行了数值仿真计算。得出了喷口外流场速度、压力、温度等主要参量的分布规律。结合计算结果,对喷口外流场安全性进行了评估。
5.根据本文所研究内容,分别对环形空心弹丸外弹道稳定性、喷口外流场静压力、喷管前置式低后坐武器发射性能进行了实验研究。自行设计、自行操作,获得了大量实验数据。经过与理论计算结果的比对,验证了本文所建立的内弹道、外弹道、喷口外流场模型和计算方法的正确性。
Recent years, technology of reducing the recoil force by jet gas is a new effective technologies to reduce recoil. A new concept weapon with the rear-nozzle is proposed, by analyzing the interior ballistic process of pre-nozzle low recoil weapons, details understanding the technical features of reducing the recoil force by jet gas. The rear-nozzle low recoil weapon is depth studied and explored using one-dimensional two-phrase flow theory、exterior ballistic theory and supersonic flow field of gas dynamics theory. Main conditions are as follows:
1. One-dimensional two-phrase flow model is established by the interior ballistic theory. The variations in key parameters of gas and solid phases are worked out. Meanwhile, the interior ballistic process of automatic rifle is calculated. Compared and analyzed the results of these two structures. The superiority of the pre-nozzle low recoil weapon is understood.
2. Base on the structure of the pre-nozzle low recoil weapon, the rear-nozzle low recoil weapon is invented, and applied for a national defense patent. The duo one-dimensional two-phrase flow interior ballistic model is developed for two structures low recoil weapons. The key parameters affecting the emission properties are found. The impact trend of the anti-recoil efficiency technology using nozzle flow is obtained by changing the structural parameters.
3. The new structure of hollow projectile is designed for the rear-nozzle low recoil weapons. Three-dimensional model is established for the supersonic flow field of hollow projectile. Centroid movement model is developed for exterior ballistic. And the numerical simulation result is compared with that of ordinary projectile. The aerodynamic characteristic of hollow projectile is learned. The structure of hollow projectile has been improved.
4. Axisymmetric two-dimensional model is established for the technology of reducing the recoil force by jet gas. After numerical simulating calculation, the speed, pressure, temperature and other key parameters distributions of jet flow field are obtained. Combined with the results, the safety of jet flow is assessed.
5. Based on the study in this paper, Experiment on stability of external ballistics for hollow projectile, the static pressure of Jet flow field, emission theories of the pre-nozzle low recoil weapon are carried out. Large amounts of experimental data is accessed. Compared with the results of theoretical calculations, the interior ballistic model, exterior ballistic model and calculation method are verified.
1.运用内弹道理论对喷管前置式低后坐武器建立了一维两相流内弹道模型。得出了膛内和喷管内气、固相各关键参量的变化规律。同时计算了普通自动步枪内弹道过程,将两种结构的计算结果进行了对比分析,深入了解了喷管前置式低后坐武器性能的优越性。
2.在喷管前置式低后坐武器结构的基础上,提出并设计了喷管后置式低后坐武器结构,申请了国防发明专利。对有、无喷管减后坐结构分别建立了双一维两相流内弹道模型。发现了影响其发射性能的各关键参数,得出了喷管结构参数的改变对喷管气流反推减后坐技术减后坐效率的影响趋势。
3.针对喷管后置式低后坐武器特殊结构设计了新型环形空心弹丸结构,对环形空心弹丸建立了超音速流场三维模型。对弹丸的外弹道飞行过程建立了弹丸质心运动模型。并与普通弹丸计算结果进行对比,详细了解了环形空心弹丸的空气动力学特性,对环形空心弹丸的结构进行了改进。
4.针对喷管气流反推减后坐技术建立了喷口外流场轴对称二维模型,并进行了数值仿真计算。得出了喷口外流场速度、压力、温度等主要参量的分布规律。结合计算结果,对喷口外流场安全性进行了评估。
5.根据本文所研究内容,分别对环形空心弹丸外弹道稳定性、喷口外流场静压力、喷管前置式低后坐武器发射性能进行了实验研究。自行设计、自行操作,获得了大量实验数据。经过与理论计算结果的比对,验证了本文所建立的内弹道、外弹道、喷口外流场模型和计算方法的正确性。
Recent years, technology of reducing the recoil force by jet gas is a new effective technologies to reduce recoil. A new concept weapon with the rear-nozzle is proposed, by analyzing the interior ballistic process of pre-nozzle low recoil weapons, details understanding the technical features of reducing the recoil force by jet gas. The rear-nozzle low recoil weapon is depth studied and explored using one-dimensional two-phrase flow theory、exterior ballistic theory and supersonic flow field of gas dynamics theory. Main conditions are as follows:
1. One-dimensional two-phrase flow model is established by the interior ballistic theory. The variations in key parameters of gas and solid phases are worked out. Meanwhile, the interior ballistic process of automatic rifle is calculated. Compared and analyzed the results of these two structures. The superiority of the pre-nozzle low recoil weapon is understood.
2. Base on the structure of the pre-nozzle low recoil weapon, the rear-nozzle low recoil weapon is invented, and applied for a national defense patent. The duo one-dimensional two-phrase flow interior ballistic model is developed for two structures low recoil weapons. The key parameters affecting the emission properties are found. The impact trend of the anti-recoil efficiency technology using nozzle flow is obtained by changing the structural parameters.
3. The new structure of hollow projectile is designed for the rear-nozzle low recoil weapons. Three-dimensional model is established for the supersonic flow field of hollow projectile. Centroid movement model is developed for exterior ballistic. And the numerical simulation result is compared with that of ordinary projectile. The aerodynamic characteristic of hollow projectile is learned. The structure of hollow projectile has been improved.
4. Axisymmetric two-dimensional model is established for the technology of reducing the recoil force by jet gas. After numerical simulating calculation, the speed, pressure, temperature and other key parameters distributions of jet flow field are obtained. Combined with the results, the safety of jet flow is assessed.
5. Based on the study in this paper, Experiment on stability of external ballistics for hollow projectile, the static pressure of Jet flow field, emission theories of the pre-nozzle low recoil weapon are carried out. Large amounts of experimental data is accessed. Compared with the results of theoretical calculations, the interior ballistic model, exterior ballistic model and calculation method are verified.
引文
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