空中微差控爆机理及反恐破门实验研究
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摘要
反恐人员在解救人质或追捕恐怖分子时,时常需要利用炸药炸开门体或者墙体来开辟一条快速通道。反恐人员常用集团装药或者多点药包同时起爆的方法进行爆破,但是这两种方法的冲击波超压值过大很容易对反恐人员造成不必要的伤害。
本文将采用多点延时起爆的方法进行微差控爆破门,这种方法能够降低空气冲击波的超压峰值,进而有效的避免了冲击波对反恐人员的伤害。通常情况下门体的薄弱地方是锁芯和铰链,但随着防盗门质量和技术的提高,在小药量情况下想通过这两处弱点将坚固的防盗门破开已经不太容易。本文通过研究发现防盗门中的膨胀螺栓可以作为破门中的弱点进行研究。
本文主要包括模拟和实验两大部分。通过对单点、两点以及六点微差起爆的模拟,可以初步得出微差起爆的机理,进而设计出两种延时起爆方法：方法一是利用雷管自身的延时特性进行延时起爆,方法二是利用雷管自带的导爆管长度的不同进行微差控爆。不同药量下的实验结果验证了微差起爆机理。在破门实验中根据不同药量下的破门效果得出了两种微差控爆方法的优缺点以及破门的最佳药量,根据实验中不同药量的冲击波超压值计算出了反恐人员的安全距离。
When the antiterrorist personnel rescue the hostage or capture the terrorist, they often need the explosive to blast out the door or the wall in order to open a fast channels. The antiterrorist personnel commonly set off the explosive by the method of the concentrated charge or the multi-spot explosion. The overpressure value of the blast wave of these two methods is very high, which easily result in the unnecessary damage of the antiterrorist personnel.
This article takes use of the method of the multi-spot short-delay to control the door-explosion, which can reduce the peak value of the overpressure of shock-wave, in order to avoid the injury to the antiterrorist personnel effectively. The weak placees of the door are usually the core and the hinge, but along with the enhancement of quality and technology of the burglarproof door, it is not easy to blast out the door through these two weaknesses in a small explosive. By the research, the author founds the burglarproof door's expansion bolt could be considered as the weakness in the explosion to be researched.
This article mainly includes two parts, the simulation part and the experiment part. Through simulation of the short-delay controlled blasting of the simple point, two points and six points, the author gets the mechanism of the short-delay controlled blasting, then designs two methods of the time-delay blasting:one takes use of the detonator's own time-delay characteristic to control blasting, the other one takes advantage of the length of detonator's nonel to control blasting. The experimental results under the different charges have confirmed the mechanism of the short-delay controlled blasting. According to the results under the two different methods, the strongpoint and disadvantage of the methods and the best dosage in the blasting are conducted in the article. According to the overpressure value of the blast wave in experiments, the author calculates the safe distance for the antiterrorist personnel.
本文将采用多点延时起爆的方法进行微差控爆破门,这种方法能够降低空气冲击波的超压峰值,进而有效的避免了冲击波对反恐人员的伤害。通常情况下门体的薄弱地方是锁芯和铰链,但随着防盗门质量和技术的提高,在小药量情况下想通过这两处弱点将坚固的防盗门破开已经不太容易。本文通过研究发现防盗门中的膨胀螺栓可以作为破门中的弱点进行研究。
本文主要包括模拟和实验两大部分。通过对单点、两点以及六点微差起爆的模拟,可以初步得出微差起爆的机理,进而设计出两种延时起爆方法：方法一是利用雷管自身的延时特性进行延时起爆,方法二是利用雷管自带的导爆管长度的不同进行微差控爆。不同药量下的实验结果验证了微差起爆机理。在破门实验中根据不同药量下的破门效果得出了两种微差控爆方法的优缺点以及破门的最佳药量,根据实验中不同药量的冲击波超压值计算出了反恐人员的安全距离。
When the antiterrorist personnel rescue the hostage or capture the terrorist, they often need the explosive to blast out the door or the wall in order to open a fast channels. The antiterrorist personnel commonly set off the explosive by the method of the concentrated charge or the multi-spot explosion. The overpressure value of the blast wave of these two methods is very high, which easily result in the unnecessary damage of the antiterrorist personnel.
This article takes use of the method of the multi-spot short-delay to control the door-explosion, which can reduce the peak value of the overpressure of shock-wave, in order to avoid the injury to the antiterrorist personnel effectively. The weak placees of the door are usually the core and the hinge, but along with the enhancement of quality and technology of the burglarproof door, it is not easy to blast out the door through these two weaknesses in a small explosive. By the research, the author founds the burglarproof door's expansion bolt could be considered as the weakness in the explosion to be researched.
This article mainly includes two parts, the simulation part and the experiment part. Through simulation of the short-delay controlled blasting of the simple point, two points and six points, the author gets the mechanism of the short-delay controlled blasting, then designs two methods of the time-delay blasting:one takes use of the detonator's own time-delay characteristic to control blasting, the other one takes advantage of the length of detonator's nonel to control blasting. The experimental results under the different charges have confirmed the mechanism of the short-delay controlled blasting. According to the results under the two different methods, the strongpoint and disadvantage of the methods and the best dosage in the blasting are conducted in the article. According to the overpressure value of the blast wave in experiments, the author calculates the safe distance for the antiterrorist personnel.
引文
[1]李炳穆.理想的图书馆员和信息专家的素质与形象[J].图书情报工作,2000(2)：5-8.
[1]姚俊岩.对公众的反恐宣传教育初论[J].北京人民警察学院学报,2009(4)：50-53.
[2]范静涛.美国快速破门工具[J].轻兵器,2003(11)：20-21.
[3]周旋,皇甫耀丹.破门而入——漫谈战术破门器材及其使用[J].环球军事,2007(6)：46-49.
[4]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB 17565-2007防盗安全门通用技术条件[S]／／全国安全防范报警系统标准化技术委员会.盼盼安居股份有限公司起草：中国标准出版社,2008：1-16.
[5]NABIL M E. Toxicology of blast overpressure[J]. Toxicology,1997,121:1-15.
[6]MARIA A M. The pathology of primary blast overpressure injury[J]. Toxicology, 1997,121:17-28.
[7]ADOLPH J J, THOMAS G M, KENNETH T D. Maximal exercise performance-impairing effects of simulated blast overpressure in sheep[J]. Toxicology,1997,121:51-63.
[8]GREGORY J A. Management of primary blast injury [J]. Toxicology,1997,121:105-115.
[9]RICHARD A B, NABIL ELSAYED J M, PETRAS J W. Exposure to sublethal blastoverpressure reduces the food intake and exercise performance of rats[J]. Toxicology,1997, 121:65-79.
[10]NABIL M E, NIKOLAI V G, VALERIAN E. Kagan A proposed biochemical mechanism involving hemoglobin for blast overpressure-induced injury [J]. Toxicology,1997,121:81-90.
[11]NABIL M E, NIKOLAI V G. Interplay between high energy impulse noise (blast) and antioxidants in the lung[J]. Toxicology,2003,189:63-74.
[12]F普凡德尔著,张思纯,洪启智译.爆炸声损伤[M].北京：解放军出版社,1985.
[13]杨志焕,李晓炎,宁心.水下冲击波与空气冲击波对生物内脏损伤效应的对比研究[J].中华航海医学与高气压医学杂志,2006(2)：65-68.
[14]王正国,孙立英,杨志焕,等.系列生物激波管的研制与应用[J].爆炸与冲击,1993(1)：77-83.
[15]杨志焕,王正国,唐承功.炮口冲击波的生物效应及其对人员内脏损伤的安全限值[J].振动与冲击,1994(4)：39-45.
[16]杨志焕,狄凤桐,王正国,等.冲击伤的病理形态学改变[J].西南国防医药,2003(3)：235-237.
[17]杨志焕,王正国,李晓炎,等.炮口冲击波的生物效应研究[J].弹道学报,2000(3)：55-58.
[18]佐建君,张光雄,杨军.汽车爆炸的超压分布规律实验研究[J].安全与环境学报,2006(1)：31-33.
[19]SPYROS S, FOTIS R. Computer simulation of shock waves transmission in obstructed terrains[J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2004,17:407-417.
[20]FOTIS R, SPYROS S. Experimentally validated 3-D simulation of shock waves generated by dense explosives in confined complex geometries[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2005, A121:23-30.
[21]SPYROS S, FOTIS R. Computer-aided modeling of the protective effect of explosion relief vents in tunnel structures[J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2006,19:621-629.
[22]宁建国,王仲琦,赵衡阳,等.爆炸冲击波绕流的数值模拟研究[J].北京理工大学学报,1999(5)：543-547.
[23]李秀地,郑颖人,李列胜,等.长坑道中化爆冲击波压力传播规律的数值模拟[J].爆破器材,2005(5)：4-7.
[24]王飞,王伟策,王耀华,等.挡波墙对空气冲击波的削波作用研究[J].爆破器材,2004(1)：1-5.
[25]乔登江.空中爆炸冲击波(Ⅰ)基本理论[J].爆炸与冲击,1985(4)：78-85.
[26]庞伟宾,何翔,李茂生,等.空气冲击波在坑道内走时规律的实验研究[J].爆炸与冲击,2003(6)：573-576.
[27]陈志林.空气冲击波遇运动刚壁反射时壁面超压的计算[J].爆炸与冲击,1985(4)：31-39.
[28]北京工业学院八系《爆炸及其作用》编写组.爆炸及其作用[M].北京：国防工业出版社,1979.
[29]李冰.乳化炸药的稳定性及其表征方法的研究[D].安徽：安徽理工大学,2008.
[30]惠君明,陈云天.炸药爆炸理论[M].江苏：江苏科学技术出版社,1995.
[31]ANDERS L P, JAMES W D. A review of factors affecting damage in blasting[J]. PB-24222,1975,148:6-7.
[32]MARTIN G. Relationship between injury degree to persons and the ineident over pressure [J]. Materials,1980,12:14-16.
[33]李金河,赵继波,池家春,等.水中爆炸冲击波传播规律的实验研究[J].高能量密度物理,2007(1)：25-28.
[34]李健,荣吉利,杨荣杰,等.水中爆炸冲击波传播与气泡脉动的实验及数值模拟[J].兵工学报,2008(12)：1437-1443.
[35]李裕春,程克明,沈蔚,等.水中冲击波对混凝土结构破坏的实验研究[J].材料工程,2008(12)：19-23.
[36]REID W D. The response of surface ships to underwater explo-sion[R]. Melbourne: Aeronautical and Maritime Research Labo-ratory,1996.
[37]顾文彬.装药浅层水中爆炸冲击波特性实验与数值模拟研究[D].南京：解放军理工大学,2000.
[38]顾文彬,郑向平,刘建青,等.浅层水中爆炸冲击波对混凝土结构斜碰撞作用实验研究[J].爆炸与冲击,2006(5)：361-366.
[39]李裕春,时党勇,赵远.ANSYS 11.0／LS-DYNA基础理论与工程实践[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,2007.
[40]闫鸿浩,王立鹤,李晓杰.无限域空气起爆冲击波的数值模拟及误差分析[C].中国力学学会学术大会,郑州,2009.
[41]孙志礼,冷兴聚,魏延刚,等.机械设计[M].沈阳：东北大学出版社,2000.
[42]赵允皋,高从善.关于金属膨胀螺栓受力的商榷[J].工业建筑,1993(12)：31-34+60.
[43]周方毅,陈晓强,张可玉,等.无限水介质中爆炸冲击波压力计算公式辨析[J].爆破,2003(1)：7-8+11.
[1]姚俊岩.对公众的反恐宣传教育初论[J].北京人民警察学院学报,2009(4)：50-53.
[2]范静涛.美国快速破门工具[J].轻兵器,2003(11)：20-21.
[3]周旋,皇甫耀丹.破门而入——漫谈战术破门器材及其使用[J].环球军事,2007(6)：46-49.
[4]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB 17565-2007防盗安全门通用技术条件[S]／／全国安全防范报警系统标准化技术委员会.盼盼安居股份有限公司起草：中国标准出版社,2008：1-16.
[5]NABIL M E. Toxicology of blast overpressure[J]. Toxicology,1997,121:1-15.
[6]MARIA A M. The pathology of primary blast overpressure injury[J]. Toxicology, 1997,121:17-28.
[7]ADOLPH J J, THOMAS G M, KENNETH T D. Maximal exercise performance-impairing effects of simulated blast overpressure in sheep[J]. Toxicology,1997,121:51-63.
[8]GREGORY J A. Management of primary blast injury [J]. Toxicology,1997,121:105-115.
[9]RICHARD A B, NABIL ELSAYED J M, PETRAS J W. Exposure to sublethal blastoverpressure reduces the food intake and exercise performance of rats[J]. Toxicology,1997, 121:65-79.
[10]NABIL M E, NIKOLAI V G, VALERIAN E. Kagan A proposed biochemical mechanism involving hemoglobin for blast overpressure-induced injury [J]. Toxicology,1997,121:81-90.
[11]NABIL M E, NIKOLAI V G. Interplay between high energy impulse noise (blast) and antioxidants in the lung[J]. Toxicology,2003,189:63-74.
[12]F普凡德尔著,张思纯,洪启智译.爆炸声损伤[M].北京：解放军出版社,1985.
[13]杨志焕,李晓炎,宁心.水下冲击波与空气冲击波对生物内脏损伤效应的对比研究[J].中华航海医学与高气压医学杂志,2006(2)：65-68.
[14]王正国,孙立英,杨志焕,等.系列生物激波管的研制与应用[J].爆炸与冲击,1993(1)：77-83.
[15]杨志焕,王正国,唐承功.炮口冲击波的生物效应及其对人员内脏损伤的安全限值[J].振动与冲击,1994(4)：39-45.
[16]杨志焕,狄凤桐,王正国,等.冲击伤的病理形态学改变[J].西南国防医药,2003(3)：235-237.
[17]杨志焕,王正国,李晓炎,等.炮口冲击波的生物效应研究[J].弹道学报,2000(3)：55-58.
[18]佐建君,张光雄,杨军.汽车爆炸的超压分布规律实验研究[J].安全与环境学报,2006(1)：31-33.
[19]SPYROS S, FOTIS R. Computer simulation of shock waves transmission in obstructed terrains[J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2004,17:407-417.
[20]FOTIS R, SPYROS S. Experimentally validated 3-D simulation of shock waves generated by dense explosives in confined complex geometries[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2005, A121:23-30.
[21]SPYROS S, FOTIS R. Computer-aided modeling of the protective effect of explosion relief vents in tunnel structures[J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2006,19:621-629.
[22]宁建国,王仲琦,赵衡阳,等.爆炸冲击波绕流的数值模拟研究[J].北京理工大学学报,1999(5)：543-547.
[23]李秀地,郑颖人,李列胜,等.长坑道中化爆冲击波压力传播规律的数值模拟[J].爆破器材,2005(5)：4-7.
[24]王飞,王伟策,王耀华,等.挡波墙对空气冲击波的削波作用研究[J].爆破器材,2004(1)：1-5.
[25]乔登江.空中爆炸冲击波(Ⅰ)基本理论[J].爆炸与冲击,1985(4)：78-85.
[26]庞伟宾,何翔,李茂生,等.空气冲击波在坑道内走时规律的实验研究[J].爆炸与冲击,2003(6)：573-576.
[27]陈志林.空气冲击波遇运动刚壁反射时壁面超压的计算[J].爆炸与冲击,1985(4)：31-39.
[28]北京工业学院八系《爆炸及其作用》编写组.爆炸及其作用[M].北京：国防工业出版社,1979.
[29]李冰.乳化炸药的稳定性及其表征方法的研究[D].安徽：安徽理工大学,2008.
[30]惠君明,陈云天.炸药爆炸理论[M].江苏：江苏科学技术出版社,1995.
[31]ANDERS L P, JAMES W D. A review of factors affecting damage in blasting[J]. PB-24222,1975,148:6-7.
[32]MARTIN G. Relationship between injury degree to persons and the ineident over pressure [J]. Materials,1980,12:14-16.
[33]李金河,赵继波,池家春,等.水中爆炸冲击波传播规律的实验研究[J].高能量密度物理,2007(1)：25-28.
[34]李健,荣吉利,杨荣杰,等.水中爆炸冲击波传播与气泡脉动的实验及数值模拟[J].兵工学报,2008(12)：1437-1443.
[35]李裕春,程克明,沈蔚,等.水中冲击波对混凝土结构破坏的实验研究[J].材料工程,2008(12)：19-23.
[36]REID W D. The response of surface ships to underwater explo-sion[R]. Melbourne: Aeronautical and Maritime Research Labo-ratory,1996.
[37]顾文彬.装药浅层水中爆炸冲击波特性实验与数值模拟研究[D].南京：解放军理工大学,2000.
[38]顾文彬,郑向平,刘建青,等.浅层水中爆炸冲击波对混凝土结构斜碰撞作用实验研究[J].爆炸与冲击,2006(5)：361-366.
[39]李裕春,时党勇,赵远.ANSYS 11.0／LS-DYNA基础理论与工程实践[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,2007.
[40]闫鸿浩,王立鹤,李晓杰.无限域空气起爆冲击波的数值模拟及误差分析[C].中国力学学会学术大会,郑州,2009.
[41]孙志礼,冷兴聚,魏延刚,等.机械设计[M].沈阳：东北大学出版社,2000.
[42]赵允皋,高从善.关于金属膨胀螺栓受力的商榷[J].工业建筑,1993(12)：31-34+60.
[43]周方毅,陈晓强,张可玉,等.无限水介质中爆炸冲击波压力计算公式辨析[J].爆破,2003(1)：7-8+11.
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