水介质爆炸容器动力响应分析与实验研究
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摘要
水介质爆炸容器是进行水下爆炸研究的重要实验设备，而水介质爆炸容器动力响应及控制又是国防、交通及工程建设等领域亟待解决的重要课题之一。为了在确保水介质爆炸容器使用安全的同时，充分发挥实验设备的效能，必须通过对水介质爆炸容器动力响应的研究，较为准确地确定容器壁部弹性范围内的应变与水下爆炸药量、容器直径和壁厚之间的关系，以提高它的承载能力。而目前关于水介质爆炸容器，尤其是模拟深水环境的水介质爆炸容器的研究还很缺乏，很多问题有待于深入探索。
本论文围绕可模拟200m水深环境的10gTNT当量水介质爆炸容器的工程设计，采用理论分析、数值模拟和实验研究相结合的方法，对水介质爆炸容器的动态特性、动力响应及可靠性进行了多方面、多层次的研究，得到了一些有意义的结论。论文主要工作如下：
1.在对水下爆炸冲击波传播和气泡脉动规律分析研究的基础上，结合实验和数值模拟结果，得出了水介质爆炸容器内部爆炸载荷的特性和传播规律，确定了实际爆炸容器的内部载荷，为进一步的爆炸容器响应分析及结构设计奠定了基础。
2.通过对水下爆炸冲击波的特点和水介质爆炸容器的应力状态及响应特征的研究，提出了基于能量吸收法的水介质爆炸容器壳体强度分析方法，优化了容器的壁厚设计，解决了传统设计中材料要求高、重量大、成本高、使用不方便的问题。
3.研制了2米直径可模拟200m水深的10gTNT当量水介质爆炸容器；在容器加压泄压接口、光学窗口、装药/起爆电缆转接接口、测试电缆转接盘法兰等结构方面进行了创新设计。实现了多参数条件下的爆破测试集成化、自动化，解决了深水爆破试验的关键技术问题。
4.建立了一套完整的水介质爆炸容器动力学研究测试系统，对可模拟200m深的10gTNT当量水介质爆炸容器进行了实验研究。通过对实际爆炸容器的载荷和壳体响应的测量与分析，得出了容器的实际作用载荷分布特征、动力响应的初步规律和相关参数计算公式以及不同水深、不同药量对爆炸冲击波峰值压力和气泡脉动半径及周期的影响规律。同时，对容器的安全性进行了考评，验证了所设计的水介质爆炸容器是安全可靠的。
5.对爆炸容器的实测响应进行了频谱分析，得出了不同爆炸载荷当量和外加静压对容器响应频率特征的影响规律。同时利用有限元方法对实际爆炸容器进行了模态分析，结合容器的实测响应频谱特性，得到了容器在实际爆炸载荷作用下的模态响应以及可能的破坏模式。
6.采用非线性有限元方法模拟了椭圆封头圆柱形爆炸容器的作用载荷与动力响应，通过数值计算结果与实测数据及理论计算结果进行对比，得到了水介质爆炸容器的作用载荷与动力响应的变化规律。明确了容器的筒体部分承受最大载荷的部位是中环面，椭圆封头部分承受最大载荷的部位是封头顶端处；由于结构形状及冲击波的汇聚作用，封头顶端处载荷比中环面载荷更大，因此从安全性角度考虑，容器的椭圆封头顶端在设计时应该引起高度重视，在设计中将容器壁厚增加5mm，最后壁厚取为35mm，保证了设备安全。
7.基于爆炸动力学、结构力学、可靠性理论和数值计算，分析了不同结构可靠度计算方法的特点和适用情况，提出了水介质爆炸容器结构动力可靠度分析方法，分别对实际水介质爆炸容器进行了可靠性分析。一方面，建立了应力-强度干涉模型，将工作压力和材料的许用应力作为随机输入变量，采用一次二阶矩法计算了容器在静态应力强度条件下的可靠度为98.4%；另一方面基于参数化建模方法，利用ANSYS软件的PDS可靠度概率分析模块对容器进行可靠度计算，在同时考虑工作压力、容器壁厚及材料许用应力的随机性的前提下，得到了实际水介质爆炸容器的可靠度为98.2%。充分说明了所设计的容器是安全可靠的，采用能量吸收法进行容器壳体强度计算是合理的。
The dynamic response and control of underwater explosion vessel is one of the importantresearch projects to be solved in the defense, transportation, the engineering construction and theother fields. The underwater explosion vessel is an important experimental research equipmentof underwater explosion. We want to give full play to the efficiency of experimental equipmentat the same time ensure the safety of underwater explosion vessel used at. So, we mustaccurately determinate the relationship between the strain of the container, the explosive charge,the diameter of the vessel and the wall thickness to improve its carrying capacity. However thereare few literatures available on the underwater explosion vessel, especially the underwaterexplosion vessel to simulate deepwater environment. A lot of problems to be further explored.
Revolve around the engineering design of10gTNT equivalent explosion vessel to simulate200m deepwater environment, this paper studies the dynamic characteristics, dynamic responseand reliability of the underwater explosion vessel used the theoretical analysis, numericalsimulation and experimental research method. Some meaningful conclusions are obtained. Themain studies includes in this dissertation are as follows:
1. Based on the research on the regulation of underwater explosion shock wavepropagation and bubble pulsation, it is concluded that the characteristics and distribution of theexplosion load within underwater explosion vessel. The internal load of the actual explosionvessel is calculated, and it is the foundation of the structural response analysis and structuredesign.
2. A new method based on energy conversion for calculating the strength of theunderwater explosion vessel is established, on the basis of the analysis to the underwaterexplosion shock wave, the stress state and the dynamic characteristics of the vessel. The methodoptimize the design of the container wall thickness, and solve some problems of traditionaldesign, such as material requirements, weight big, high cost and inconvenience to use.
3. The200m class-10gTNT equivalent underwater vessel with2meters diameter wasdeveloped. The innovative design was carried out, such as compressing/pressure relief interface,optical window, charging/initiating cable transfer interface and test cable connecting plate flangestructure. The integration and automation of the blasting test are achieved, and the key technicalproblems of deep water blasting test are solved.
4. A complete testing system of water container explosion dynamics study is established,carried on the experimental study to the10g TNT equivalent explosion vessel simulating200mdeep water. Some mechanics characteristics are revealed by means of the measurement and analysis of the loading of practical structure and the shell response. The shock wave pressurepeak and the radius and cycle of the bubble pulsation on different water depths and differentdosage are also obtained. The safety evaluation of the vessel verified the underwater explosionvessel is safe and reliable.
5. The frequency spectrum characteristics of the response of the underwater explosionvessel are analyzed, and the regulation of response is obtained. Using the finite-element methodto analysis the main vibration modes corresponding to the main vibration frequencies areobtained by experiments.
6. Using nonlinear finite-element program the load and the dynamic response of thespherical and cylindrical vessel are numerically simulated. Simultaneously, the distributions ofload and dynamic response are also obtained by comparing the results of simulation and theexperimental ones. Studies have shown that the central face is the maximum load position of thebarrel part, and the top of the head is the maximum load position of the elliptical head part; Dueto the structure shape and the effect of shock wave convergence, the surface load on the top ofthe head load is bigger than on the central, from the security perspective, the elliptical head topof the vessel should be attached great importance in the design. Ensuring the safety ofequipment, the container wall thickness increased5mm to35mm.
7. Based on the explosion dynamics, structure mechanics, the reliability theory andnumerical calculation, this paper analyzed the characteristics of different structural reliabilitycalculation method and applicable situation and proposed a reliability analysis method tostructure dynamic of the water medium explosion vessel.The reliability analysis was carried outon the actual explosion vessel. On the one hand, the stress-strength interference model in whichthe working stress and allowable stress of material are random input variables is established, andthe reliability of the vessel calculated used FOSM is98.4%. On the other hand, based onparametric modeling method the reliability of the vessel calculated used PDS probabilityanalysis module of ANSYS is98.2%. The results fully illustrate the underwater explosion vesselis safe and reliable and the energy absorption method is adopted for the strength calculation isreasonable.
本论文围绕可模拟200m水深环境的10gTNT当量水介质爆炸容器的工程设计，采用理论分析、数值模拟和实验研究相结合的方法，对水介质爆炸容器的动态特性、动力响应及可靠性进行了多方面、多层次的研究，得到了一些有意义的结论。论文主要工作如下：
1.在对水下爆炸冲击波传播和气泡脉动规律分析研究的基础上，结合实验和数值模拟结果，得出了水介质爆炸容器内部爆炸载荷的特性和传播规律，确定了实际爆炸容器的内部载荷，为进一步的爆炸容器响应分析及结构设计奠定了基础。
2.通过对水下爆炸冲击波的特点和水介质爆炸容器的应力状态及响应特征的研究，提出了基于能量吸收法的水介质爆炸容器壳体强度分析方法，优化了容器的壁厚设计，解决了传统设计中材料要求高、重量大、成本高、使用不方便的问题。
3.研制了2米直径可模拟200m水深的10gTNT当量水介质爆炸容器；在容器加压泄压接口、光学窗口、装药/起爆电缆转接接口、测试电缆转接盘法兰等结构方面进行了创新设计。实现了多参数条件下的爆破测试集成化、自动化，解决了深水爆破试验的关键技术问题。
4.建立了一套完整的水介质爆炸容器动力学研究测试系统，对可模拟200m深的10gTNT当量水介质爆炸容器进行了实验研究。通过对实际爆炸容器的载荷和壳体响应的测量与分析，得出了容器的实际作用载荷分布特征、动力响应的初步规律和相关参数计算公式以及不同水深、不同药量对爆炸冲击波峰值压力和气泡脉动半径及周期的影响规律。同时，对容器的安全性进行了考评，验证了所设计的水介质爆炸容器是安全可靠的。
5.对爆炸容器的实测响应进行了频谱分析，得出了不同爆炸载荷当量和外加静压对容器响应频率特征的影响规律。同时利用有限元方法对实际爆炸容器进行了模态分析，结合容器的实测响应频谱特性，得到了容器在实际爆炸载荷作用下的模态响应以及可能的破坏模式。
6.采用非线性有限元方法模拟了椭圆封头圆柱形爆炸容器的作用载荷与动力响应，通过数值计算结果与实测数据及理论计算结果进行对比，得到了水介质爆炸容器的作用载荷与动力响应的变化规律。明确了容器的筒体部分承受最大载荷的部位是中环面，椭圆封头部分承受最大载荷的部位是封头顶端处；由于结构形状及冲击波的汇聚作用，封头顶端处载荷比中环面载荷更大，因此从安全性角度考虑，容器的椭圆封头顶端在设计时应该引起高度重视，在设计中将容器壁厚增加5mm，最后壁厚取为35mm，保证了设备安全。
7.基于爆炸动力学、结构力学、可靠性理论和数值计算，分析了不同结构可靠度计算方法的特点和适用情况，提出了水介质爆炸容器结构动力可靠度分析方法，分别对实际水介质爆炸容器进行了可靠性分析。一方面，建立了应力-强度干涉模型，将工作压力和材料的许用应力作为随机输入变量，采用一次二阶矩法计算了容器在静态应力强度条件下的可靠度为98.4%；另一方面基于参数化建模方法，利用ANSYS软件的PDS可靠度概率分析模块对容器进行可靠度计算，在同时考虑工作压力、容器壁厚及材料许用应力的随机性的前提下，得到了实际水介质爆炸容器的可靠度为98.2%。充分说明了所设计的容器是安全可靠的，采用能量吸收法进行容器壳体强度计算是合理的。
The dynamic response and control of underwater explosion vessel is one of the importantresearch projects to be solved in the defense, transportation, the engineering construction and theother fields. The underwater explosion vessel is an important experimental research equipmentof underwater explosion. We want to give full play to the efficiency of experimental equipmentat the same time ensure the safety of underwater explosion vessel used at. So, we mustaccurately determinate the relationship between the strain of the container, the explosive charge,the diameter of the vessel and the wall thickness to improve its carrying capacity. However thereare few literatures available on the underwater explosion vessel, especially the underwaterexplosion vessel to simulate deepwater environment. A lot of problems to be further explored.
Revolve around the engineering design of10gTNT equivalent explosion vessel to simulate200m deepwater environment, this paper studies the dynamic characteristics, dynamic responseand reliability of the underwater explosion vessel used the theoretical analysis, numericalsimulation and experimental research method. Some meaningful conclusions are obtained. Themain studies includes in this dissertation are as follows:
1. Based on the research on the regulation of underwater explosion shock wavepropagation and bubble pulsation, it is concluded that the characteristics and distribution of theexplosion load within underwater explosion vessel. The internal load of the actual explosionvessel is calculated, and it is the foundation of the structural response analysis and structuredesign.
2. A new method based on energy conversion for calculating the strength of theunderwater explosion vessel is established, on the basis of the analysis to the underwaterexplosion shock wave, the stress state and the dynamic characteristics of the vessel. The methodoptimize the design of the container wall thickness, and solve some problems of traditionaldesign, such as material requirements, weight big, high cost and inconvenience to use.
3. The200m class-10gTNT equivalent underwater vessel with2meters diameter wasdeveloped. The innovative design was carried out, such as compressing/pressure relief interface,optical window, charging/initiating cable transfer interface and test cable connecting plate flangestructure. The integration and automation of the blasting test are achieved, and the key technicalproblems of deep water blasting test are solved.
4. A complete testing system of water container explosion dynamics study is established,carried on the experimental study to the10g TNT equivalent explosion vessel simulating200mdeep water. Some mechanics characteristics are revealed by means of the measurement and analysis of the loading of practical structure and the shell response. The shock wave pressurepeak and the radius and cycle of the bubble pulsation on different water depths and differentdosage are also obtained. The safety evaluation of the vessel verified the underwater explosionvessel is safe and reliable.
5. The frequency spectrum characteristics of the response of the underwater explosionvessel are analyzed, and the regulation of response is obtained. Using the finite-element methodto analysis the main vibration modes corresponding to the main vibration frequencies areobtained by experiments.
6. Using nonlinear finite-element program the load and the dynamic response of thespherical and cylindrical vessel are numerically simulated. Simultaneously, the distributions ofload and dynamic response are also obtained by comparing the results of simulation and theexperimental ones. Studies have shown that the central face is the maximum load position of thebarrel part, and the top of the head is the maximum load position of the elliptical head part; Dueto the structure shape and the effect of shock wave convergence, the surface load on the top ofthe head load is bigger than on the central, from the security perspective, the elliptical head topof the vessel should be attached great importance in the design. Ensuring the safety ofequipment, the container wall thickness increased5mm to35mm.
7. Based on the explosion dynamics, structure mechanics, the reliability theory andnumerical calculation, this paper analyzed the characteristics of different structural reliabilitycalculation method and applicable situation and proposed a reliability analysis method tostructure dynamic of the water medium explosion vessel.The reliability analysis was carried outon the actual explosion vessel. On the one hand, the stress-strength interference model in whichthe working stress and allowable stress of material are random input variables is established, andthe reliability of the vessel calculated used FOSM is98.4%. On the other hand, based onparametric modeling method the reliability of the vessel calculated used PDS probabilityanalysis module of ANSYS is98.2%. The results fully illustrate the underwater explosion vesselis safe and reliable and the energy absorption method is adopted for the strength calculation isreasonable.
引文
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