基于组件技术的开放式控制器软件研究
摘要
本论文讨论的是基于组件技术的开放式控制器的研究。主要工作是基于开放式系统的思想，探索在通用操作系统作为实时控制领域应用平台的基础上，以二进制组件为实现技术的开放式数控软件控制器的特点和实现方法。并且分析了以通用操作系统来实现实时任务应用时的一些基本方法。
开放式控制系统有三个不同开放的程度，环境的开放，接口的开放，组件模块化的开放。三者体现了不同的实现技术，本文讨论的是“标准组件模块体系结构”的开放。在这个层面上，以通用的操作系统作为控制系统的应用平台，以组件技术为实现技术进行开发。
COM组件是一个二进制重用的对象模型。基于COM组件技术，可以使系统实现二进制兼容，不仅可以提高开放式控制系统的可扩展性，而且有助于系统的接口化。EzCOM技术是COM组件技术的发展。作为我国自己的组件技术，它的应用有助于实现我国自己的开放式系统，使我国在开放技术上有自己的核心技术。
Zyco操作系统提供了对组件技术的全面支持。本论文讨论了基于Zyco操作系统实现实时任务的特点，所面临的问题和实现方法，提出了采用通用操作系统实现控制系统的基本方法。
在上述问题讨论的基础上，论文探索了基于组件技术的控制系统实现策略。重点讨论了控制模型向计算模型转化、实时任务分级、多任务并行处理、并行处理的体系结构以及高速加工时跨线段速度实现这五个问题。根据这些方法实现的控制器可以实现高速加工。
In this paper, it researches the open numerical control system based component technology. We quest for the specialty and technique of the open numerical control. The controller is based the idea of the open system and take the operating system as the plat of the real-time controller. It analysis the methods to accomplish the real-time tasks.
It's important to note that there are three levels of openness that one can achieve in implementing a control system. The first level is "Open Environment Controller". The second level is "Open Environment with Common interface Controller". The third level is "Open, Modular Architecture Controller". These levels are realized by vary technology. In the paper, it mainly reach the "Open, Modular Architecture Controller". In this level, we take the operating system as the application plat, and think the component technology as the implement technology.
COM is a platform-independent, object-oriented system for creating binary software components that can interact. COM not only enhance the interoperability of the open system, but also redound to implement the interface of the open system. The EzCOM technology is expand from the COM technology. The application of the EzCOM help to realize Chinese open system.
Zyco operating system provide the support for the component technology. In this paper, it researches the specialty, the problem faced and the implementing methods of the real-time task based the Zyco operating system. It put forward the basic method of the real-time system using the general operating system.
In this papers, it researches the implementing method of real-time system. It is important to discuss five problems: the transform from the control module to compute module, the classification of the real-time tasks, the management of the tasks, software architecture and the speed problem of the high-speed cutting.
Based the methods, the controller may implement high speed cutting.
开放式控制系统有三个不同开放的程度，环境的开放，接口的开放，组件模块化的开放。三者体现了不同的实现技术，本文讨论的是“标准组件模块体系结构”的开放。在这个层面上，以通用的操作系统作为控制系统的应用平台，以组件技术为实现技术进行开发。
COM组件是一个二进制重用的对象模型。基于COM组件技术，可以使系统实现二进制兼容，不仅可以提高开放式控制系统的可扩展性，而且有助于系统的接口化。EzCOM技术是COM组件技术的发展。作为我国自己的组件技术，它的应用有助于实现我国自己的开放式系统，使我国在开放技术上有自己的核心技术。
Zyco操作系统提供了对组件技术的全面支持。本论文讨论了基于Zyco操作系统实现实时任务的特点，所面临的问题和实现方法，提出了采用通用操作系统实现控制系统的基本方法。
在上述问题讨论的基础上，论文探索了基于组件技术的控制系统实现策略。重点讨论了控制模型向计算模型转化、实时任务分级、多任务并行处理、并行处理的体系结构以及高速加工时跨线段速度实现这五个问题。根据这些方法实现的控制器可以实现高速加工。
In this paper, it researches the open numerical control system based component technology. We quest for the specialty and technique of the open numerical control. The controller is based the idea of the open system and take the operating system as the plat of the real-time controller. It analysis the methods to accomplish the real-time tasks.
It's important to note that there are three levels of openness that one can achieve in implementing a control system. The first level is "Open Environment Controller". The second level is "Open Environment with Common interface Controller". The third level is "Open, Modular Architecture Controller". These levels are realized by vary technology. In the paper, it mainly reach the "Open, Modular Architecture Controller". In this level, we take the operating system as the application plat, and think the component technology as the implement technology.
COM is a platform-independent, object-oriented system for creating binary software components that can interact. COM not only enhance the interoperability of the open system, but also redound to implement the interface of the open system. The EzCOM technology is expand from the COM technology. The application of the EzCOM help to realize Chinese open system.
Zyco operating system provide the support for the component technology. In this paper, it researches the specialty, the problem faced and the implementing methods of the real-time task based the Zyco operating system. It put forward the basic method of the real-time system using the general operating system.
In this papers, it researches the implementing method of real-time system. It is important to discuss five problems: the transform from the control module to compute module, the classification of the real-time tasks, the management of the tasks, software architecture and the speed problem of the high-speed cutting.
Based the methods, the controller may implement high speed cutting.
引文
[1]叶佩青．走中国特色的数控技术发展之路．计算机辅助设计与制造2000年5期
[2]P. Lutz, W. Sperling OSACA-the vendor neutral Control Architecture. Proceedings of the European Conference on Integration in Manufacturing liM'97
[3]中华人民共和国国家标准——开放式数控系统(报批稿)
[4]Business Justification of Open Architecture Control White Paper Version 1.0 Omac User Group 1999.3
[5]Open Modular Architecture Controls At GM PowerTrain——Technology and Implementation GM PowerTrain 1996.5
[6]Nat Frampton, John Tsao, Jerry Yen Hard-Realtime Extensions of Windows NT Evaluation Report 1998.4.17
[7]Nat Frampton, John Tsao, Jerry Yen Windows CE Evaluation Report 1998.4.27
[8]Next Generation Workstation/Machine Control Requirements Definition Document National Center for Manufacturing Sciences
[9]Next Generation Controller (NGC) Specifications for an Open System Architecture Standards(SOSAS) National Center for Manufacturing Sciences August 1994
[10]OMAC API Work Group OMACAPI SET Version 0.23 1999.10.12
[11]张明亮，解旭辉，李圣怡．开放性数控技术的发展．机电工程1999．4
[12]EP 6379 & EP 9115 OSACAⅠ& Ⅱ Final Report 1996.4.30
[13]Wolfgang Sperling, Peter Lutz Enabling Open Control Systems -An Introduction to the OSACA System Platform. Robotics and Manufacturing Volume 6-ISRAM'97
[14]Zyco嵌入式操作系统技术白皮书 北京科泰世纪科技有限公司2002．3．4
[15]Don Box Essential COM ISBN 7-5083-0611-2
[16]潘爱民．COM原理与应用．清华大学出版社 1999
[17]组件技术模型(COM)：技术概揽 Sara Williams and Charlie Kindel Dr.Dobb's Journal
[18]《工业控制计算机实时操作系统》 蔡德聪 清华大学出版社
[19]叶以民，赵会斌，耿增强．嵌入式系统中的实时操作系统．测控技术2000年19卷第四期
[20]刘劲松，芦康俊，闻思源．嵌入式实时操作系统的现状及发展．现代计算机2000．2 总第85期
[21]Balaji, Srinivasan. A Firm Real-Time System Implementation Using Commercial Off-The-Shelf Hardware and Free Software. Technical Report 1151002,Information and Telecommunication Technology Center, University of Kansas 1998.
[22]杨文龙，姚淑珍，吴芸．软件工程．电子工业出版社1999
[23]Alan Burns. Scheduling hard real-time systems: A review. Software Engineering Journal,1991,6(3):116～128
[24]熊清平，孙联胜，刘延巍．CNC实时多任务软件系统 机械与电子1997年第三期
[25]周正干，王美清，李和平，邬学礼 高速加工的核心技术和方法 航空制造技术 2000．3
[26]陈烨．超高速数控机床控制系统．航空制造技术 2000．3
[27]宋朝辉，卢锷 提高数控加工精度方法的探讨． 光学精密工程1998年第六期
[28]F.klocke, E.brinksmerier, High-Speed Grinding Fundamental and State of the Art in Europe,Japan,and the USA Manufacturing Technology Annals of CIRP Vol.46/2/1997
[29]James, A.Haylock, Barrie, C.Mecrow Enhanced Current Control of High-Speed PM Machine Drives Through the Use of Flux Controllers IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATION,VOL 35,NO.5 SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 1999
[30]周凯，陆启建 高速高精度采样插补技术 中国机械工程1998年第9卷第10期
[31]钟庆 李季 黄树槐 快速成型中的微线段连续高速高精度插补华中理工大学学报2000年第28卷 第3期
[32]Roger S.Pressman 软件工程——实践者的研究方法 机械工业出版社
[33]张云生 实时控制系统软件设计原理及应用 国防工业出版社
[34]孔祥营 柏桂枝 嵌入式实时操作系统VxWorks及其开发环境 Tornado中国电力出版社
[35]熊清平，孙联胜，刘延巍，周云飞 CNC 实时多任务软件系统机械与电子1997 (3)
[36]Jeffrey Richter Windows 高级编程指南 第三版 清华大学出版社
[37]Mary Shaw and David Garlan SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE 清华大学出版社
[38]S.-S.Yeh, P.-L.Hsu The speed-controlled interpolator for machining parametric curves Computer-Aided Design 31(1999)
[2]P. Lutz, W. Sperling OSACA-the vendor neutral Control Architecture. Proceedings of the European Conference on Integration in Manufacturing liM'97
[3]中华人民共和国国家标准——开放式数控系统(报批稿)
[4]Business Justification of Open Architecture Control White Paper Version 1.0 Omac User Group 1999.3
[5]Open Modular Architecture Controls At GM PowerTrain——Technology and Implementation GM PowerTrain 1996.5
[6]Nat Frampton, John Tsao, Jerry Yen Hard-Realtime Extensions of Windows NT Evaluation Report 1998.4.17
[7]Nat Frampton, John Tsao, Jerry Yen Windows CE Evaluation Report 1998.4.27
[8]Next Generation Workstation/Machine Control Requirements Definition Document National Center for Manufacturing Sciences
[9]Next Generation Controller (NGC) Specifications for an Open System Architecture Standards(SOSAS) National Center for Manufacturing Sciences August 1994
[10]OMAC API Work Group OMACAPI SET Version 0.23 1999.10.12
[11]张明亮，解旭辉，李圣怡．开放性数控技术的发展．机电工程1999．4
[12]EP 6379 & EP 9115 OSACAⅠ& Ⅱ Final Report 1996.4.30
[13]Wolfgang Sperling, Peter Lutz Enabling Open Control Systems -An Introduction to the OSACA System Platform. Robotics and Manufacturing Volume 6-ISRAM'97
[14]Zyco嵌入式操作系统技术白皮书 北京科泰世纪科技有限公司2002．3．4
[15]Don Box Essential COM ISBN 7-5083-0611-2
[16]潘爱民．COM原理与应用．清华大学出版社 1999
[17]组件技术模型(COM)：技术概揽 Sara Williams and Charlie Kindel Dr.Dobb's Journal
[18]《工业控制计算机实时操作系统》 蔡德聪 清华大学出版社
[19]叶以民，赵会斌，耿增强．嵌入式系统中的实时操作系统．测控技术2000年19卷第四期
[20]刘劲松，芦康俊，闻思源．嵌入式实时操作系统的现状及发展．现代计算机2000．2 总第85期
[21]Balaji, Srinivasan. A Firm Real-Time System Implementation Using Commercial Off-The-Shelf Hardware and Free Software. Technical Report 1151002,Information and Telecommunication Technology Center, University of Kansas 1998.
[22]杨文龙，姚淑珍，吴芸．软件工程．电子工业出版社1999
[23]Alan Burns. Scheduling hard real-time systems: A review. Software Engineering Journal,1991,6(3):116～128
[24]熊清平，孙联胜，刘延巍．CNC实时多任务软件系统 机械与电子1997年第三期
[25]周正干，王美清，李和平，邬学礼 高速加工的核心技术和方法 航空制造技术 2000．3
[26]陈烨．超高速数控机床控制系统．航空制造技术 2000．3
[27]宋朝辉，卢锷 提高数控加工精度方法的探讨． 光学精密工程1998年第六期
[28]F.klocke, E.brinksmerier, High-Speed Grinding Fundamental and State of the Art in Europe,Japan,and the USA Manufacturing Technology Annals of CIRP Vol.46/2/1997
[29]James, A.Haylock, Barrie, C.Mecrow Enhanced Current Control of High-Speed PM Machine Drives Through the Use of Flux Controllers IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATION,VOL 35,NO.5 SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 1999
[30]周凯，陆启建 高速高精度采样插补技术 中国机械工程1998年第9卷第10期
[31]钟庆 李季 黄树槐 快速成型中的微线段连续高速高精度插补华中理工大学学报2000年第28卷 第3期
[32]Roger S.Pressman 软件工程——实践者的研究方法 机械工业出版社
[33]张云生 实时控制系统软件设计原理及应用 国防工业出版社
[34]孔祥营 柏桂枝 嵌入式实时操作系统VxWorks及其开发环境 Tornado中国电力出版社
[35]熊清平，孙联胜，刘延巍，周云飞 CNC 实时多任务软件系统机械与电子1997 (3)
[36]Jeffrey Richter Windows 高级编程指南 第三版 清华大学出版社
[37]Mary Shaw and David Garlan SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE 清华大学出版社
[38]S.-S.Yeh, P.-L.Hsu The speed-controlled interpolator for machining parametric curves Computer-Aided Design 31(1999)