井巷围岩破断突水模型试验及其数值模拟方法研究
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摘要
我国煤矿水文地质条件复杂多样,矿井突水事故频繁,轻则冲毁器具、贻误工期,重则造成人员伤亡和重大经济损失,其抢救难度大、时间长、费用高,社会影响恶劣,一直是制约我国煤炭生产发展的重要因素之一。本文通过井巷围岩破断突水物理模型试验,深入研究了突水前井巷围岩的渗压、位移、应力、温度、声发射、电阻率等多场信息的变化规律,确定各种前兆现象的可测参数及其对突水预警的有效性；并对井巷围岩破断突水过程进行了数值模拟,分析了采动影响下煤层顶板的破断突水机理和破断形态,取得了一系列有意义的研究成果。
进行井巷围岩破断突水模型试验,确定了渗压、位移、应力、温度、声发射、电阻率等多场信息中有效的突水前兆信息及其变化规律。基于三维流固耦合相似理论的分析,研制了非亲水性良好的新型流固耦合相似材料；为避免传统钢结构模型架对电阻率监测的影响,研制了可扩展的高强PVC试验台架；基于光纤传感技术(FBG)研制了体积小、防水性能好、抗干扰能力强的光纤光栅传感器,实现了渗压、位移、应力和温度的实时并行采集；采用所研制的三维流固耦合模型试验系统开展巷道涌水和采区突水的相似模型试验,研究了突水前井巷围岩的渗压、位移、应力、温度、声发射、电阻率等多场信息的变化特征,分析了开挖扰动下井巷围岩破断突水的灾变演化机理,揭示了突水前兆信息的变化特征。
采用FLAC软件对井巷围岩顶板离层破断突水过程进行了数值模拟,利用Interface单元模拟顶板层理面,重现煤层开采后顶板岩层从沉降、离层直至垮塌突水的整个过程,研究了矿井突水前顶板围岩的应力分布以及渗流场运移规律,数值计算结果与试验结果具有很好的一致性。
Mine water inrush occurs frequently in China owing to complex and diverse hydrogeological conditions of coal mines, which not only destroyes equipment and adversely affects the duration but also causes heavy casualties and major economic losses. The rescue is difficult, long and costly. Consequently, water inrush will bring about negative social impact. And it has been restricting the development of China's coal production as one of the important factors. In this paper, by physical model test of water inrush due to mine rock breaking, variation of multi-field information before water inrush, such as seepage pressure, displacement, stress, temperature, acoustic emission and resistivity, has been studied in depth. Also the measurable parameters of precursory information which are effective to predict water inrush have been determined. The simulation of water inrush due to mine rock breaking has been carried out to analyze the mechanism of water inrush caused by roof breaking under the influence of the mining seam excavation. A series of meaningful research results have been obtained.
Of the multi-field information such as seepage pressure, displacement, stress, temperature, acoustic emission and resistivity, the effective precursory information and its variation has been determined by the model test of water inrush due to mine rock breaking. Based on the similarity theory of three-dimensional fluid-solid coupling, a new type of non-hydrophilic similar material of fluid-solid coupling has been developed; In order to avoid the impact of the traditional steel frame model on resistivity monitoring, extensible test bench has been made by high-strength PVC material; On the basis of FBG technology, fiber grating sensors with small size, good waterproof performance, and strong anti-interference ability have been desigened to the realize the real-ti me parallel acquisition of seepage pressure, displacement, stress, and temperature; The 3-D model test system of fluid-solid coupling has been adopted to do the model test of water-inrush in roadway and mines. The variation of multi-field information before water inrush, such as seepage pressure, displacement, stress, temperature, acoustic emission and resistivity, has been researched. Catastrophic evolution mechanism of water inrush resulted from mine rock breaking under mining excavation has been interpreted. And the sudden changes of precursory information of water inrush have been revealed.
Water inrush due to roof separation and collapse in the coal mine water inrush model test has been modeled by FLAC. Interfaces in FLAC are used to simulate bedding planes and fluid-solid coupling calculation has been carried out. The whole process after progressive mining, including roof subsidence, bed separation, the sudden collapse and water inrush, has been be captured. The stress distribution and migration law of flow field have been studied. The numerical results and experimental results agree very well.
进行井巷围岩破断突水模型试验,确定了渗压、位移、应力、温度、声发射、电阻率等多场信息中有效的突水前兆信息及其变化规律。基于三维流固耦合相似理论的分析,研制了非亲水性良好的新型流固耦合相似材料；为避免传统钢结构模型架对电阻率监测的影响,研制了可扩展的高强PVC试验台架；基于光纤传感技术(FBG)研制了体积小、防水性能好、抗干扰能力强的光纤光栅传感器,实现了渗压、位移、应力和温度的实时并行采集；采用所研制的三维流固耦合模型试验系统开展巷道涌水和采区突水的相似模型试验,研究了突水前井巷围岩的渗压、位移、应力、温度、声发射、电阻率等多场信息的变化特征,分析了开挖扰动下井巷围岩破断突水的灾变演化机理,揭示了突水前兆信息的变化特征。
采用FLAC软件对井巷围岩顶板离层破断突水过程进行了数值模拟,利用Interface单元模拟顶板层理面,重现煤层开采后顶板岩层从沉降、离层直至垮塌突水的整个过程,研究了矿井突水前顶板围岩的应力分布以及渗流场运移规律,数值计算结果与试验结果具有很好的一致性。
Mine water inrush occurs frequently in China owing to complex and diverse hydrogeological conditions of coal mines, which not only destroyes equipment and adversely affects the duration but also causes heavy casualties and major economic losses. The rescue is difficult, long and costly. Consequently, water inrush will bring about negative social impact. And it has been restricting the development of China's coal production as one of the important factors. In this paper, by physical model test of water inrush due to mine rock breaking, variation of multi-field information before water inrush, such as seepage pressure, displacement, stress, temperature, acoustic emission and resistivity, has been studied in depth. Also the measurable parameters of precursory information which are effective to predict water inrush have been determined. The simulation of water inrush due to mine rock breaking has been carried out to analyze the mechanism of water inrush caused by roof breaking under the influence of the mining seam excavation. A series of meaningful research results have been obtained.
Of the multi-field information such as seepage pressure, displacement, stress, temperature, acoustic emission and resistivity, the effective precursory information and its variation has been determined by the model test of water inrush due to mine rock breaking. Based on the similarity theory of three-dimensional fluid-solid coupling, a new type of non-hydrophilic similar material of fluid-solid coupling has been developed; In order to avoid the impact of the traditional steel frame model on resistivity monitoring, extensible test bench has been made by high-strength PVC material; On the basis of FBG technology, fiber grating sensors with small size, good waterproof performance, and strong anti-interference ability have been desigened to the realize the real-ti me parallel acquisition of seepage pressure, displacement, stress, and temperature; The 3-D model test system of fluid-solid coupling has been adopted to do the model test of water-inrush in roadway and mines. The variation of multi-field information before water inrush, such as seepage pressure, displacement, stress, temperature, acoustic emission and resistivity, has been researched. Catastrophic evolution mechanism of water inrush resulted from mine rock breaking under mining excavation has been interpreted. And the sudden changes of precursory information of water inrush have been revealed.
Water inrush due to roof separation and collapse in the coal mine water inrush model test has been modeled by FLAC. Interfaces in FLAC are used to simulate bedding planes and fluid-solid coupling calculation has been carried out. The whole process after progressive mining, including roof subsidence, bed separation, the sudden collapse and water inrush, has been be captured. The stress distribution and migration law of flow field have been studied. The numerical results and experimental results agree very well.
引文
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